S

Past

PerfectProgressive

Structure (Form)

Structure

Auxiliary Verb: Had Been

Affirmative

Subject + Aux Verb + Verb -ING

I had been working

She had been sleeping

Negative

Subject + Aux Verb Not + Verb –ING

I had not been working

She had not benn sleeping

Question

(WH Question) + Aux Verb + Subject + Verb -ING

(When) Had you been working?

(Why) Had she been sleeping?

The Past Perfect Progressive is

used:

S To emphasize the duration

of an action that took

place before another

action in the past.

He had been living in

California for 15 years when

he moved to Boston.

S To refer to an action

whose duration caused

visible results at a later

point of time in the past.

S They were tired because

they had been cleaning

the house all day.

TIME EXPRESSIONS

Before + point in time

By + point in time

Before, After, When, By the time

How long, For, Since