Past perfect
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Transcript of Past perfect
The Past Perfect
When I arrived,John left.
When I arrived,John left.
When I arrived,John left.
past simple
past simple+ past simple
=2 consecutive actions
I arr
ived
I arr
ived
John
left
I arr
ived
John
left
Did I see John?
I arr
ived
John
left
Did I see John?
Yes
When I arrived,John was leaving.
When I arrived,John was leaving.
When I arrived,John was leaving.
past continuous
past simple+ past continuous
=a short action that interrupts
a long action
I arr
ived
I arr
ived
John was leaving
I arr
ived
John was leaving
Did John leave?
I arr
ived
John was leaving
Did John leave?
We don’t know
I arr
ived
John was leaving
Did John leave?
We don’t know
maybe he left…
I arr
ived
John was leaving
Did John leave?
We don’t know
maybe he left…
…or maybe he stayed because I
arrived
I arr
ived
John was leaving
this combination of tenses is called
‘interrupted action’
When I arrived,John had left.
When I arrived,John had left.
When I arrived,John had left.
past perfect
past simple+ past perfect
=an action
preceded by another action
I arr
ived
John
had
left
.
I arr
ived
John
had
left
.
I arr
ived
Did I see John?
John
had
left
.
I arr
ived
Did I see John?
No
John
had
left
.
I arr
ived
Did I see John?
No
He left then I arrived
construction of the past perfect
I had done…
I had done…
auxiliary verb: ‘to have’
I had done…
auxiliary verb: ‘to have’conjugated in the past: ‘had’
I had done…
auxiliary verb: ‘to have’conjugated in the past: ‘had’
main verb aspast participle
Ihe
sheit
weyouthey
had
donetakenbeenarrivedmetstudiedetc.
She had taken…
+ive
She hadn’t taken…
-ive
Had she taken… ?
?ive
Yes, she had.No, she hadn’t.
s.a.
tense gymnastics
!
convertpast simple to past perfect
andpast perfect to past simple
past simple past perfect
He made a cake.
I hadn’t finished.
We didn’t win the match.
Had you taken the bus?
Did you see the film?
She had worn the dress.
I drank all the beer.
The alarm hadn’t rung.
You didn’t choose a film.
We had met before.
Did they speak to her?
past simple past perfect
He made a cake. He’d made a cake.
I didn’t finish. I hadn’t finished.
We didn’t win the match. We hadn’t won the match.
Did you take the bus? Had you taken the bus?
Did you see the film? Had you seen the film?
She wore the dress. She had worn the dress.
I drank all the beer. I had drunk all the beer.
The alarm didn’t ring. The alarm hadn’t rung.
You didn’t choose a film. You hadn’t chosen a film.
We met before. We had met before.
Did they speak to her? Had they spoken to her?
same exercise
but be careful translating ‘essere’
past simple past perfect
He was at the bar.
They hadn’t been at work.
I didn’t get dressed.
Had you arrived early?
What time did you get up?
It had rained all night.
Everyone went away.
They hadn’t called each other.
The fire didn’t die.
The baby had been born.
Did they relax after dinner?
past simple past perfect
He was at the bar. He had been at the bar.
They weren’t at work. They hadn’t been at work.
I didn’t get dressed. I hadn’t got dressed.
Did you arrive early? Had you arrived early?
What time did you get up? What time had you got up?
It rained all night. It had rained all night.
Everyone went away. Everyone had gone away.
They didn’t call each other. They hadn’t called each other.
The fire didn’t die. The fire hadn’t died.
The baby was born. The baby had been born.
Did they relax after dinner? Had they relaxed after dinner?
homework
module 6, part 17, 1-7
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