Passport to Magonia Folklore

7/23/2019 Passport to Magonia Folklore

1/200


2/200


3/200


4/200

CJIRXF_ K@F

^LSLK@S KN I

RI_IGGFG UK_GH

/Jku ulgg |kv ek oicm;/ silh xjf ukai`

/@i|' xjix L hk `kx m`ku Ofcivsf L ji~f jfih'xjix nk xjksf ujk f`xf Nil| Gi`h' xjff ls `k eklè oicmXjf| avsx ek k`' i`h ek xjkvej lx/

_ Aichkìgh _kofxsk`

Sfgfcxfh Jlejgi`h Xigfs

Sk Ai`' ujk jff sffas rl`clrig igk`f'Rfjirs icxs sfck`h xk skaf srjff v`m`ku`Xkvcjfs skaf ujffg' k ~fefs xk skaf ekig'%Xls ovx i rix uf sff' i`h kx i ujkgf

Igfzi`hf Rkrf' Fssi| k` Ai`

/Nka Ejkvglfs i`h Ejkksxlfs' gkè!gfeefx| Ofisxlfs'i`h Xjlès xjix ek Ovar l` xjf @lejx'Ekkh Gkh' hfgl~f vs)/

Kgh Glxi`|

K@ DV@F 96' 9


5/200

? RISSRK_X XK AIEK@LI

gfihl`e hlfcxg| l`xk xjf ak`vaf`x I`h k` Dv`f 96' 9


6/200

8 RISSRK_X XK AIEK@LI

sjkx ias' i`h gief jfihs ko~lkvsg| ck~ffh ulxj ckargfxfjfgafxs

K` xjf `ixvf kn xjf jfgafxs icjifkgkelsxs hlsieff L` 9


7/200

> RISSRK_X XK AIEK@LI

K` Ivevsx 3' :' i him kodfcx' ujlcj aihf i /skv`h glmf i ujffg'/ ngfunka Ax Misvei xkuih xjf ufsx ix alh`lejx Xjf ckaolìxlk`kn xjf skv`h i`h xjf him`fss kn xjf ng|lè kodfcx ls hlnnlcvgx xk

fzrgil` l` ìxvig xfasK` Di`vi| 3' 96>


8/200

: RISSRK_X XK AIEK@LI

Sl`cf xjfsf vaks ji~f off` rvttglè xk ai`| ivxjklxlfs l`xjf _kai` Cixjkglc Cjvcj' rfjirs lx ls irrkrlixf xk ofelùlxj i yvkxixlk` nka xjf glnf kn Sx I`xjk`|' xjf Fe|rxli`!ok`

nkv`hf kn Cjlsxli` akìsxlclsa ujk gl~fh iokvx 322 IH L`xjf hfsfx' Sx I`xjk`| afx ulxj i sxièf oflè kn saigg sxixvf'

ujk ngfh inxf i olfn ck`~fsixlk` ulxj jla4Ofnkf gkè l` i saigg kcm| ~iggf| sjvx l` k` igg slhfs jf sffs i

ai``lml` ulxj jkkxfh s`kvx' jk`fh nkfjfih' i`h fzxfalxlfs glmfekix%s nffx Ujf` jf /siu xjls' I`xjk`| glmf i ekkh skghlf sfltfhxjf sjlfgh kn nilxj i`h xjf jfgafx kn jkrf4 xjf cfixvf `k`f xjfgfss ofei` xk knnf jla xjf nvlx kn xjf riga xff xk svrrkx jla k`jls dkv`f| i`h is lx uff rgfhefs kn rficf I`xjk`| rfcfl~lè xjlssxkrrfh i`h ismfh ujk jf uis Xjf i`suf jf fcfl~fh nka jlauis xjls4

/L ia i akxig oflè i`h k`f kn xjf l`jiolxi`xs kn xjf Hfsfxujka xjf Ef`xlgfs hfgvhfh o| ~ilkvs nkas kn fk uksjlr v`hfxjf ìafs kn Niv`s' Six|s i`h L`cvol L ia sf`x xk frfsf`x a|xlof Uf ri| |kv l` kv ofjign xk f`xfix xjf ni~kv kn |kv Gkh'

i`h kvs' ujk' uf ji~f gfi`x' ciaf k`cf xk si~f xjf ukgh' i`h%ujksf skv`h jis ek`f nkxj l`xk igg xjf fixj% /

Is jf vxxffh svcj ukhs is xjfsf' xjf iefh xi~fggf%s cjffmssxfiafh ulxj xfis' xjf aims kn jls hffr nffglè' ujlcj jf sjfh l`xjf nvg`fss kn jls dk|' Jf fdklcfh k~f xjf Egk| kn Cjlsx i`h xjfhfsxvcxlk` kn Sixi`' i`h ai~fgglè igg xjf ujlgf xjix jf ckvghv`hfsxi`h xjf Six|%s gièvief' i`h sxlmlè xjf ekv`h ulxj jlssxiF' jf silh'

/Ukf xk xjff' Igfzi`hli' ujk l`sxfih kn Ekh uksjlrrfsxak`sxfs) Ukf xk xjff' jigkx clx|' l`xk ujlcj ji~f ngkufh xkefxjfxjf hfak`s kn xjf ujkgf ukgh) Ujix ulgg |kv si| `ku; Ofisxssrfim kn Cjlsx' i`h |kv l`sxfih kn Ekh uksjlr ak`sxfs/

Jf jih `kx nl`lsjfh srfimlè ujf`' is ln k` ulès' xjf ulgh

cfixvf ngfh iui|Gfx `k k`f scvrgf xk ofglf~f xjls l`clhf`x= lxs xvxj ls svrrkxfh

o| ujix xkkm rgicf ujf` Ck`sxi`xl`c uis k` xjf xjk`f' i aixxfkn ujlcj xjf ujkgf ukgh uis ulx`fss Nk i ai` kn xjix ml`h uisokvejx igl~f xk Igfzi`hli i`h sjfu` is i uk`hfnvg slejx xk xjfrfkrgf Inxfuihs jls glnfgfss okh|' xk rf~f`x lxs hfci| xjkvejxjf svaaf jfix' uis rfsf~fh l` sigx i`h okvejx xk I`xlkcj xjixxjf Farfk alejx sff lx RISSRK_X XK AIEK@LI

Rihh| jih sk glxxgf xjix jf uis isjiafh xk knnf lx' sk jf knnffhjf skaf rkxixkfs l`sxfih' ovx sjf ui`xfh kixafig' i`h xjf` jfei~f jf igg xjix jf jih Sjf xkgh jla xk rgicf lx oicm l` xjf ol` xlggsjf sjkvgh fxv` nk lx Xjls jf hlh' i`h xjf `fzx ak`lè xjf olùis k~fngkulè ulxj kixafig Xjf ukai` uis k`f kn xjf Ef`x|

Lx ls v`nkxvìxf xjix Rihh| hlh `kx si~f xjls ~igviogf f~lhf`cf

nk xjf of`fnlx kn xjf VS Hfrixaf`x kn Jfigxj' Fhvcixlk`' i`h

Ufgnif *Nkkh i`h Hve Gio, Rfjirs xjf| ukvgh ji~f fz!

rgil`fh xjls alicgf kn xjf avgxlrglcixlk` kn xjf kixafig' igkè

ulxj kxjf rfcvgli rkrfxlfs kn nil| nkkh= nk lx ls ufgg m`ku`

l` Lfgi`h xjix ln |kv if ximf` iui| o| xjf nillfs' |kv avsx

`f~f xisxf nkkh l` xjfl rigicf Kxjfulsf' |kv `f~f ckaf oicm=

|kv ofckaf k`f kn xjfa

Lx ls l`xffsxlè xjix xjf iìg|sls rfnkafh nk xjf Il Nkcfhlh `kx af`xlk` xjf rfsf`cf kn sigx l` xjf ri`cimfs el~f` xk

Slak`xk` L`hffh' Uf`xt uis xkgh o| i` Llsjai` ujk uis yvlxfnialgli ulxj xjf Ef`x| xjix /xjf| `f~f xisxf i`|xjlè sigx' ovx

fix nfsj afix i`h hl`m rvf uixf/ Rvf uixf ls ujix xjfsivcf af` xkkm nka Slak`xk`

Xjf yvfsxlk` kn nkkh ls k`f kn xjf rkl`xs aksx nfyvf`xg|

xfixfh l` xjf xihlxlkìg glxfixvf kn xjf Cfgxlc gfef`hs' igkèulxj xjf hkcvaf`xfh sxklfs kn oiolfs mlhìrrfh o| xjf fg~fsi`h kn xjf xffsxlig i`laigs xjf| jv`x i`h ximf iui| Ofnkf

uf sxvh| xjls iov`hi`x aixflig' jkuf~f' uf sjkvgh svrrg| skafoicmekv`h l`nkaixlk` iokvx xjf a|sxflkvs nkgms xjf Llsj cigg

xjf Ef`x|' i`h xjf Sckxs' xjf Ekkh Rfkrgf *Smien Ailxj,4

Xjf Ef`x| if i nl`f gief icf ujk gl~f kvx k` xjf sfi i`h l`xjf akv`xil`s' i`h xjf| if igg ~f| ekkh `flejoks Xjf oih k`fs

if `kx xjf Ef`x| ix igg' if xjf niggf` ièfgs i`h xjf| gl~f l` xjfukkhs i`h xjf sfi'

si|s k`f kn Uf`xt%s l`nkafsRixlcm Uixf el~fs xjls hfsclrxlk` kn i /nil|!ai`/4

I ckuh kn ok|s kvx l` xjf nlfghs k`f hi| siu i nil|!ai` ulxj ifh cir Fzcfrx nk jls jflejx jf uis glmf i`| kxjf ai` Jf uisiokvx xjff i`h i jign nffx xigg Xjf ok|s svkv`hfh jla' ovx jfaihf svcj i srvxxflè xigm xjf| gfx jla ek I`h jf hlsirrfifh isjf uigmfh iui| l` xjf hlfcxlk` kn xjf kgh nkx

Xjff uff nfu rgicfs ujff k`f ckvgh sxlgg sfc nillfs' f~f` l`

XJF EKKH RFKRGF ?5

Efix Olxil` k Ni`cf' inxf 9:62 Igg xjf sxk|xfggfs' igg xjf

rkrvgi igaiìcs' ieff xjix' is cl~lgltixlk` ih~i`cfh' xjf glxxgfnkgms ofciaf l`cfislèg| sj| I nfu v`xkvcjfh rgicfs fcka!

af`hfh o| Uc`xt' jkuf~f' if xjf \ksfalxf îggf| l` Ciglnk!`li i`h xjf Of` Ovgoc` ckv`x| i`h _kss Rkl`x l` Ckv`x| Sglek'

Lfgi`h Hvogl` sffs ic m`ku` xk ji~f aihf ai`| xlrs xk OfÒvgof`' i niakvs akv`xil` jk`f|ckaofh ulxj cvlkvs ekxxkfsIx xjf ~f| nkkx kn xjf akv`xil`' /is xjf jfi~| ujlxf nke oi`ms

jvè k~f Of` Ovgof` i`h lxs `flejoks'/ Uf`xt uis xkgh' xjfnkggkulè l`clhf`x kccvfh4

Ujf` L uis i |kvè ai` L knxf` vsfh xk ek kvx l` xjf akv`xil`sk~f xjff xk nlsj nk xkvx k xk jv`x I`h lx uis l` Di`vi| k` ickgh' h| hi| ujlgf ci|lè a| ev` xjix L i`h i nlf`h ulxj af isuf uff uigmlè ikv`h Of` Ovgof` siu k`f kn xjf Ef`x| nk xjfnlsx xlaf Xjls k`f uis hfssfh l` ogvf ulxj i jfih!hfss ihk`fhulxj ujix sffafh xk of nlggs Ujf` jf ciaf vrk` vs' jf silh xkaf l` i suffx i`h slg~f| ~klcf'

Xjf sfghka |kv ckaf xk xjls akv`xil` xjf ofxxf' Alsxf'I |kvè gih| jff ui`xs xk ximf |kv iui|

Xjf` jf xkgh vs `kx xk nlf kv ev`s' ofcivsf xjf Ef`x| hlsglmfoflè hlsxvofh o| xjf `klsf I`h jf sffafh xk of glmf i skghlf knxjf Ef`x| k` evih Is uf uff gfi~lè xjf akv`xil`' jf xkgh vs`kx xk gkkm oicm i`h uf hlh`%x

Uf`xt xjf` ismfh nk i hfsclrxlk` kn xjf Ef`x|' i`h uis xkghxjf nkggkulè4

Xjf nkgm ic xjf ei`hfsx L ji~f f~f sff` Xjf| if ni svrflkxk vs i`h xjix ls uj| xjf| cigg xjfasfg~fs xjf Ef`x| Xjf| if `kx i

ukmlè!cgiss' ovx i alglxi|!ilsxkcixlc cgiss' xigg i`h `kogf!irrfilè Xjf| ic i hlsxl`cx icf ofxuff` kv icf i`h xjix knsrllxs' is xjf| ji~f xkgh af Xjfl yviglnlcixlk`s if xfaf`hkvs4/Uf ckvgh cvx knn jign xjf jvai` icf' ovx ukvgh `kx'/ xjf| silh'/nk uf if fzrfcxlè sig~ixlk`/ I`h L m`fu i ai` xjff k nkv|fis iek ujka xjf| sxvcm hku` ulxj riig|sls Xjfl slejx ls skrf`fxixlè xjix L xjl`m xjf| ckvgh sff xjkvej xjf fixj Xjf|ji~f i slg~f| ~klcf' yvlcm i`h suffx

Xjf Ef`x| gl~f l`slhf xjf akv`xil`s l` ofivxlnvg cisxgfs' i`hxjff if i ekkh ai`| oi`cjfs kn xjfa l` kxjf ckv`xlfs' i`hfsrfcligg| l` Lfgi`h Skaf gl~f l` xjf Ulcmgku Akv`xil`s `fiHvogl`. Glmf ialfs xjf| ji~f xjfl sxixlk`s i`h ak~f nka k`f xk

r


20/200


@ixvigg|' sjf hlh is hlfcxfh i`h ekx iui| Dkj` Aic @flg' ujk

uis ofxuff` sf~f`x| i`h flejx| |fis kgh' ei~f `k hixf xk xjf

sxk|' ovx sl`cf jf silh jf siu xjf elg inxf jf fzrflf`cf' xjf

f~f`x rkoiog| xkkm rgicf l` xjf sfck`h rix kn xjf `l`fxff`xj

cf`xv|

Sclf`xlnlcigg| l`cgl`fh rfkrgf scknn ix svcj sxklfs ulxj i ~f|l`hleì`x il I ekvr kn VNK sxvhf`xs' ujf` ck`xicxfh iokvx

xjf Fiegf _l~f l`clhf`x' sxixfh xjix xjf| hlh `kx l`xf`h xk iì!

g|tf xjf ckkmlfs' rgi``fh `k nvxjf icxlk`' i`h jih avcj akf

larkxi`x xjlès xk l`~fsxleixf Xuk uffms inxf xjf slejxlè' Dkf

Slak`xk` xkgh i V`lxfh Rfss L`xfìxlkìg frkxf xjix /ln lx

jirrf`fh ieil`' L hk`%x xjl`m L%h xfgg i`|okh| iokvx lx/ I`h

l`hffh' ln ng|lè sivcfs if hf~lcfs vsfh o| i svrf!sclf`xlnlc

cl~lgltixlk` nka sricf' uf ukvgh fzrfcx xjfa xk of ricmfh l`!

slhf ulxj fgfcxk`lc eihefx|' svrf!ihis5 i`h i ole ckarvxf!

ltfh sr|lè irriixvs Ovx ~lslxks l` jvai` sjirf' ujk ofixjf

kv il i`h tlr ikv`h l` ng|lè mlxcjf`fxxfs' xjix ls xkk avcj'

A Slak`xk`)^lslxks nka xjf sxis ukvgh `kx of jvai`' k jvai`klh

Xjf| ukvgh `kx hif ckaf jff ulxjkvx fcfl~lè i rkglxf l`~lxi!xlk` nka kv rkufnvg ihlk!xfgfsckrfs Nk cf`xvlfs' uf ukvgh

fzcjièf jlejg| sclf`xlnlc l`nkaixlk` xjkvej fzyvlslxf clcvlx|i`h fgiokixf ckhfs I`h f~f` ln xjf| hlh ckaf jff' svfg| xjf|

ukvgh gi`h l` Uisjlèxk`' HC' ujff xjf Rfslhf`x kn xjfV`lxfh Sxixfs i`h xjf /sclf`xlnlc vnkgkelsxs/ ukvgh effx xjfaRfsf`xs ukvgh of fzcjièfh Uf ukvgh knnf okkms k` fzkolkg!

ke|' xjf| ukvgh el~f vs rjkxkeirjs kn kv skgi s|sxfa ximf`xjkvej sricf xfgfsckrfs Ovx rfnkixfh' cihokih!xisxlè' ri`!

cimf!sjirfh ovcmujfix cimfs; Jku xflog| vig' A Slak`xk`)I`h |fx' xjff ls `k yvfsxlk` xjix Dkf Slak`xk` ofglf~fs xjix

jf siu xjf ng|lè sivcf' xjf ìafgfss elgg' xjf xjff af` Jf

ei~f xjfa rvf uixf= xjf| ei~f jla xjff ri`cimfs Ln uf f!ngfcx k` xjls ~f| slargf f~f`x' is xjf sxvhf`xs kn nkgmgkf ji~f

fngfcxfh k` xjf sxklfs yvkxfh iok~f' uf ci``kx k~fgkkm k`frksslolglx|' xjix xjf f~f`x ix Fiegf _l~f hlh jirrf`' i`h xjix lx

jis xjf afi`lè kn i slargf' |fx ei`hlksf' cffak`|

Xjls gixxf xjfk| uis ~f| ufgg fzrfssfh o| Jixgi`h' ujf`

jf silh' iokvx xjf fzcjièf kn nkkh ulxj nillfs4

XJF EKKH RFKRGF 39

Igaksx iQQ k~f xjf Fixj' xjf lxf kn jksrlxiglx| jis off` jfgh xkck`nf kogleixlk`s k` lxs fclrlf`x' i`h xk v`lxf jla o| srfclig xlfsxk xjf el~f I`h f~f` ujff xjf `kxlk` kn jksrlxiglx| hkfs `kx f`xf'xk dkl` l` i ckaak` afig jis knxf` off` jfgh xk s|aokgltf' ln `kxxk ck`sxlxvxf' v`lk` kn i ~f| sicfh ml`h

Xji x svcj afi`lè ls sxlgg ixxicjfh xk i ckaak` afig ls fihlg|

sff` ix ufhhlès i`h kxjf xihlxlkìg affxlès ujff nkkh ls i`larkxi`x ck`sxlxvf`x' f~f` ln xjf s|aokglc ~igvf kn svcj f~f`xs

ls gksx xk aksx kn kv ck`xfarkilfs Jixgi`h ekfs is ni is xksveefsx xjix xjf cvsxka kn ov|lè xjf hfih ulxj skaf nkkhalejx ofi skaf fgixlk`sjlr xk xjf ulhfsrfih ofglfn xjix k`f

avsx ji~f i svrrg| kn xffsxlig nkkh ujf` k`f ficjfs nil|gi`h'k nksimf xjf fixj f`xlfg| I`h l`hffh' l` i`clf`x i`h fcf`x

xihlxlk` iglmf' x jf iokhf kn kv svrfìxvig ~lslxks ls `kx igui|shlsxl`cx nka xjf ukgh kn xjf hfih Xjls ls i akkx rkl`x' jku!

f~f' ofcivsf xjf siaf irrglfs xk /~lslxks/ nka jfi~f` Xjfxjfkgkeli`s' ujk ievf iokvx xjf ìxvf kn ièfgs' m`ku lx ~f|

ufgg Ovx ix gfisx xjf lhfi kn nkkh rk~lhfs i`kxjf ck``fcxlk`L` xjf glejx kn Jixgi`h%s faims iokvx xjf lxf kn jksrlxiglx|'i rissief nka xjf Ologf ls `kxfukxj|4

Gfx i glxxgf uixf' L ri| |kv' of nfxcjfh' i`h uisj |kv nffx' i`hfsx |kvsfg~fs v`hf xjf xff4 I`h L ulgg nfxcj i aksfg kn ofih'i`h ckankx |f |kv jfixs= inxf xjix |c sjigg riss k`4 nk xjffnkfif |f ckaf xk |kv sf~i`x I`h xjf| silh' Sk hk' is xjkv jisx silh

I`h jf xkkm ovxxf' i`h algm' i`h xjf cign ujlcj jf jih hfssfh'i`h sfx lx ofnkf xjfa= i`h jf sxkkh o| xjfa v`hf xjf xff i`hxjf| hlh fix8

I`h icckhlè xk Ef`fsls 9


21/200

3? RISSRK_X XK AIEK@LI

sivcf /`fsxs/ ko~lkvsg| nigg l` xjls cixfek| Igxjkvej svcj rjf!`kafì if xfixfh is /okhfgl`f/ cisfs o| srfcliglsxs l` VNK

l`~fsxleixlk`' L ofglf~f xjf `fsxs hfsf~f akf xji` risslè ixxf`!xlk` i`h sjkvgh of ck`slhffh l` xjf glejx kn srfclnlc xihlxlkìg

ofglfns iokvx xjf afi`lè kn xjf /aielc clcgfs/ xjix nk cf`xvlfsniafs ji~f nkv`h l` xjfl nlfghs Xjf glxfixvf k` xjls svodfcx

ls kn ckvsf iov`hi`x' i`h uf sjigg sfgfcx k`g| i nfu cisfs xklggvsxixf xjf rkl`x i`h sfx xjf sxief nk i akf hfxilgfh hlscvs!

slk` l` gixf cjirxfs

K` Xjvshi|' Dvg| ?:' 9>' l` xjf f~f`lè' A Gicksxf i`h

jls ulnf uff uigmlè l` xjf ~lcl`lx| kn Ak`xskfiv' Ail`f!fx!Gklf' Ni`cf Igg kn i svhhf`' xjf| siu i fh srjff ckss xjf

sm| glmf i afxfk Lx hlh `kx ofji~f yvlxf is i afxfk' jkuf~f'ofcivsf lx sffafh xk xkvcj xjf ekv`h i`h xjf` lsf ieil`

ulxjkvx gkslè lxs olggli`x fh ckgki`h jk~f ix alh!jflejxnk i ujlgf ofnkf lx uis gksx xk slejx I cjfcm uis aihf nk algl!

xi| fzrflaf`xs l` xjf ifi4 xjff uff `k`f

Xjf `fzx hi|' i Ak`xskfiv niaf' Igil` _kvlggfx' frkxfhxjix i `l`f!syvif!|ih ifi kn jls ujfix nlfgh jih off` ngixxf`fh

i`h ck~ffh ulxj i |fggkulsj' klg| svosxi`cf Nvxjf l`~fsxlei!xlk` hlscgksfh ihhlxlkìg hfxilgs k` xjf lhf`xlx| kn xjf ulx`fssfs

i`h svosxi`xlixfh xjf lhfi xjix i rfcvgli kodfcx jih l`hffhgi`hfh Gicksxf ls i rjkxkeirjf l` Sivav *v`nkxvìxfg|' jf

hlh `kx ci| i ciafi ulxj jla ix xjf xlaf, Jf hfsclofh xjfglejx el~f` knn o| xjf srjff is oflè sk l`xf`sf xjix lx glx vr xjf

ujkgf ckv`x|slhf Xjf srjff jk~ffh' jf silh' nk i nfu sfck`hs'xjf` lx ai`fv~ffh cgksf xk xjf ekv`h Xjf ulx`fssfs nfgx svf

lx uis i evlhfh alglxi| eihefx i`h uigmfh xk i hlsxi`cf kn iokvx

nkv jv`hfh |ihs nka xjf kodfcx' ujlcj uf`x iui| i`h uisgksx xk slejx ofjl`h skaf ukkhs Xjf ujkgf slejxlè jih gisxfhnkv al`vxfs

Slz ak`xjs figlf' i isj kn slalgi slejxlès jih aihf jfih!

gl`fs l` Ivsxigli /Akf ng|lè sivcf `fsxs)/ uis xjf ole `fusk` xjf nk`x rief kn xjf S|h`f| Sv`!Jfigh nk Di`vi| ?3' 9>

Xjff `fsxs jih off` hlsck~ffh l` Yvff`sgi`h' clcvgi cgfilèskn hfih ffhs' svkv`hfh o| eff` ffhs Jv`hfhs kn slejxsffs

uff sficjlè nk akf o| xjf xlaf xjf frkxs uff rvoglsjfh

K` Di`vi| 9


22/200


@flxjf uis lx f~figfh uj| xjf rlgkxs kn xjf svrf!sfcfx cka!

av`lsx ufirk` ckvgh `kx fslsx xjf xfarxixlk` xk ovtt xjf xicxkkn i xuf`x|!sf~f`!|fi!kmg oiìì ekuf

Nkxvìxfg|' xjff uff sf~fig ìxvig fzrgiìxlk`s nk xjfslejxlè k xjf `fsxs' igxjkvej k`g| k`f j|rkxjfsls icckv`xfh nk

okxj Xjf gixxf uis sveefsxfh o| i S|h`f| Sv`!Jfigh fihf k`Di`vi| 32 Jf ofglf~fh xjf /kvxf!sricf/ ri`lc l` Yvff`sgi`h

uis civsfh o| i /xigg sj| olh ulxj i ogvf okh| i`h fh aim!

lès k` xjf jfih/ Lx uis flxjf i x|rf kn okgei k i ogvf jfk`'ovx xjf ai` hlh `kx m`ku xjf ckfcx sclf`xlnlc ìaf Ai`|

xlafs' is jf ui`hffh oifnkkxfh xjkvej xjf ovsj' jf silh' jfjih sff` xjf olhs hi`clè' ovx xjf| ngfu iui| ix jlej srffh

ofnkf jf ckvgh ficj xjfa /Xjf| ukvgh fsfaogf i ~irkkvsogvf cgkvh i`h ukvgh cfxil`g| aimf i ujllè skv`h l` nglejx/

V`nkxvìxfg| nk xjls rfxx| i`h laielìxl~f xjfk|' lx ekx `k

oicmlè nka xjf Ivsxigli` Avsfva Avsfva k`lxjkgkelsxJ D Hls`f| xjkvejx xjf okgeis ckvgh `kx aimf clcvgi hfrfs!

slk`s kn s|aafxlcig hfsle` Jf uis slalgig| smfrxlcig iokvx xjf/oigh!jfihfh ckkx xjfk|/ ih~i`cfh o| i`kxjf ai`' Ekkgkk!

ekè fslhf`x Mf` Ihias /L%~f `f~f jfih kn xjls jiolx o| xjf

olh'/ Hls`f| silh

Hkìgh Ji`gk`' k`f kn xjf ofsx!l`nkafh srfcliglsxs l` xjf

nlfgh' jis rkl`xfh kvx xk af xjix i`kxjf fzrgiìxlk` nk xjf `fsxs

jis off` rkrksfh gkcigg|4 xjf| if xjf /rgi|ekv`h kn ckckhlgfs

l` gk~f/ L nvgg| sjif Ji`gk`%s smfrxlclsa iokvx xjls gisx fzrgiì!

xlk`' ofcivsf lx ckvgh jihg| irrg| xk xjf `fsxs nkv`h l` Kjlk'

ujlcj ulgg of hlscvssfh l` i akaf`x' k xk xjf hiaiefh ujfix

nlfgh l` Ak`xskciv I Yvff`sgi`h fslhf`x' Igfz Okhvdc`mk'

ujk m`kus iokvx xjf ckckhlgfs' cgilas xjix xjf ffhs ic xkkxjlcm l` Jksfsjkf Giekk` nk ckckhlgfs xk ak~f xjkvej xjfa

Sk jff uf if4 hi`clè ci`fs if jfgh fsrk`slogf o| skaf

rfkrgf nk of`hlè ffhs xjix if sk xjlcm ckckhlgfs' icckhlè

xk kxjf rfkrgf' ci``kx ak~f xjkvej xjfa Ujix civsfh xjf

hiaief; @kokh| m`kus

K` jls ui| jkaf xjix Ufh`fshi| `lejx' Efkef Rfhgf| hf!

clhfh jf ukvgh xfgg `k k`f iokvx xjf /sricfsjlr/ l` xjf suiar

Jf siu `flxjf rkxjkgfs `k i`xf`ìf k` xjf ogvf!ei| kodfcx'

XJF EKKH RFKRGF 36

i`h `k sle` kn glnf flxjf l`slhf k iokvx lx Nvxjfakf' jf jih

igui|s givejfh ix ng|lè sivcf sxklfs Ovx xjf` jf afx IgofxRf``lsl' xjf ku`f kn Jksfsjkf Giekk`' i`h hlscgksfh xjf slejx!

lè Jf uis ~f| svrlsfh ujf` Rf``lsl ofglf~fh jla lejx iui|i`h xkgh jla jf jih off` hfialè nk i uffm xjix i ng|lè sivcf

ukvgh gi`h k` jls rkrfx| Xjls gisx hfxilg rgicfs xjf Yvff`s!

gi`h sivcf `fsxs l` xjf ofsx xihlxlk` kn xjf nil|!nilxj

Xjf xlaf4 slz ak`xjs ofnkf xjf Yvff`sgi`h fzrflf`cf Xjf

rgicf4 Hfgk|' Kjlk K` Dv`f ?:' 96' i niaf' Dkj` Sxi~i`k'jfih i sflfs kn fzrgkslk`s Xuk hi|s gixf' jf hlsck~ffh i cvl!

kvs nkaixlk` k` xjf ekv`h Ujf` iìg|tfh' sklg i`h ujfix

siargfs sjkufh `k f~lhf`cf kn fzrgksl~f civsf+9 Ujfix rgi`xssffafh xk ji~f off` svcmfh kvx kn xjf ekv`h' glmf xjf vrkkxfh

ffhs l` Yvff`sgi`h' k xjf vrkkxfh eiss l` i Nf`cj gi`hlèkn 9

Xjf Kjlk l`clhf`x uis cifnvgg| l`~fsxleixfh o| I Ci`hvssk

i`h Gi| Ak~fs kn xjf Ng|lè Sivcf L`~fsxleixlè Ckaalxxff'5

icckari`lfh o| Ei| Hi~ls Xjf| nkv`h xjf sxièf clcvginkaixlk` k` Sxi~i`k%s nia' ujlcj ls slxvixfh k` i jlej rkl`xIx xjf cf`xf kn xjf lè uis i clcvgi hfrfsslk` iokvx xuf`x|!

flejx l`cjfs l` hliafxf Lx uis rkofh ulxj i rl`cj oi' ovx k`g|gkksf sklg uis nkv`h nk i hfrxj kn `l`f l`cjfs Avcj kn xjf

ujfix jih off` fak~fh' kkxs i`h igg' i`h cgkhs kn sklg i nfu

l`cjfs gkè jih off` hlsxvofh Xjf ujfix uis gilh hku` glmfxjf srkmfs kn i ujffg= xjff uis `k sulglè fnnfcx is l` xjf

Xvgg| `fsxs

Ln uf xv` nka Ivsxigli i`h Kjlk xk Fègi`h' uf if nicfhulxj i`kxjf l`clhf`x4

Dvg| 9>' 93 ulgg gkè of fafaoffh l` xjf i`ìgs kn Olxlsj Vnkgke| Skafxjlè irrfifh xk ji~f gi`hfh k` niaf _k| Ogi`!cjih%s nlfgh ix xjf Ai`k Nia' Cjigxk`' Ulgxsjlf Xjf aimsk` xjf ekv`h uff nlsx hlsck~ffh o| i niaukmf' _fe Igfzi`hfXjf| k~fgirrfh i rkxixk nlfgh i`h i oigf| nlfgh Xjf aims cka!rlsfh i sivcf!sjirfh hfrfsslk` k cixf flejx nffx l` hliafxfi`h iokvx nkv l`cjfs l` hfrxj L` xjf cf`xf kn xjls hfrfsslk`xjff uis nkv`h i xjff nffx hffr jkgf ~ilkvsg| hfsclofh is nkanl~f l`cjfs xk k`f nkkx l` hliafxf _ihlixlè nka xjf cf`xig jkgfuff nkv sgkx aims' nkv nffx gkè i`h k`f nkkx ulhf Xjf kodfcx


23/200

3> RISSRK_X XK AIEK@LI

avsx ji~f gi`hfhln gi`h lx hlhv`sff`' ovx A Gfkìh Dkglnnf'i hil|ai` k` xjf nia' frkxfh jf jfih /i ogisx k`f ak`lè ixirrkzlaixfg| > IA/:

K` Dvg| ?3' xjf Gk`hk` Hilg| Fzrfss uis xk frkx xjix `fig|

xuk uffms figlf' k` Dvg| 92' Rkglcf Ck`sxiogf I`xjk`| Rf``|jih sff` i` kièf kodfcx ngisj xjkvej xjf sm| i`h ~i`lsj `fi

xjf Ai`k Nia nlfgh K` xjf oisls kn xjls glalxfh l`nkaixlk`'lx ukvgh sffa yvlxf rgivslogf xk xjl`m xjix xjf Cjigxk` cixf

uis civsfh o| i afxfklxf L`hffh' ujf` i saigg rlfcf kn afxiguis fck~ffh nka xjf jkgf ix xjf cf`xf kn xjf cixf' Olxlsj

isxk`kaf Rixlcm Akkf uf`x xk xjf Olxlsj OkihcisxlèCkrkixlk` i`h sxixfh cixfeklcigg| xjix xjf cixf jih off`

civsfh o| i /sjlar!sltfh afxfklxf+% cisjlè hku` i`h xv`!lè lxsfgn l`xk i ~f| fnnfcxl~f fzrgksl~f Xjls f`hfh xjf a|sxf|

is ni is xjf sclf`xlnlc rvoglc uis ck`cf`fh Ovx xjf xvf nicxs knxjf aixxf' is xjf| ofciaf m`ku` xk i nfu sclf`xlsxs ujk rv!

svfh xjf aixxf nvxjf' i`h xk xjf Ia| fèl`ffs ujk uff l`

cjief kn xjf l`~fsxleixlk`' uff igxkefxjf hlnnff`xNiaf _k| Ogi`cjih jih sf`x nk xjf rkglcf' ujk' l` xv`'

jih svaak`fh xjf Ia| Cirxil` Dkj` _khefs' cjlfn kn xjfIa| okao hlsrksig v`lx' uis xjf ai` ujk ck`hvcxfh aksx kn

xjf nlfgh l`~fsxleixlk`s Jls rfglalì| frkx l`hlcixfh xjixxjff uff `k ov` k scixcj aims' `k xicf kn i` fzrgkslk`

I`h ujlgf Cirxil` _khefs sxixfh xjix jf i`h jls svrflks uffoinngfh' niaf _k| Ogi`cjih aicm nvxjf hlscgksvfs4

Xjff ls`%x i xicf kn xjf rkxixkfs i`h oigf| ujlcj uff ekulèujff xjf cixf ls `ku @k sxigms' `k kkxs' `k gfi~fs Xjf xjlèuis jfi~| f`kvej xk cvsj kcms i`h sxk`fs xk rkuhf; \fx lx ciafhku` ef`xg| Uf jfih `k cisj i`h ujixf~f rkuf lx vsfs rk!hvcfs `k jfix k `klsf' i` Iaflci` `vcgfi rj|slclsx uis

hl~lè skvxj ulxj jls nialg| igkè i Gkvlsliì kih Xjf ufixjfuis k~fcisx' i`h lx uis il`lè Xjf xlaf uis :496 R A X jf ulx!

`fss' ujk ls i rknfssk kn rj|slcs i`h hkfs `vcgfi fsficj' i`hujk' is i fsvgx' ls i ~f| ufgg!yviglnlfh ulx`fss' jih ficjfh i

rkl`x `kxj kn Ji|`cs~lggf ujf` jf `kxlcfh i rvgsixlè hkaf knglejx fsfaoglè xjf /egku kn i clx|/ Lxs ckgk uf`x nka i hla

fhhlsj glejx xk i olejx kièf Ix k`f rkl`x' lxs gval`kslx| ksfsk avcj xjix lx ofciaf olejxf xji` xjf ci jfihglejxs Sk l`!

xf`sf uis xjf ujlxf lggvalìxlk` xjix xjf xuk cjlghf` ujk uffsgffrlè l` xjf oicm ukmf vr i`h' ulxj xjf rj|slclsx%s ulnf' ko!

sf~fh ujix nkggkufh

Xjf glejx uis falxxfh o| i skvcf xjix uis sxixlkì| i`h

ofgku xjf xffxkrsix' k cgksf xk' ekv`h gf~fgskaf hlsxi`cfl`xk xjf nkfsx Ck`cf` nk jls nialg|%s sinfx| aihf xjf ulx`fss

hl~f iui| Ovx jf hlh aimf i yvlcm fsxlaixf kn xjf iakv`x knf`fe| frfsf`xfh o| xjf glejx' i`h lx xv`fh kvx xk of l nilg|

larfssl~f skvcf kn ihlixlk`larfssl~f f`kvej xk aimf jlafxv` xk xjf gkcixlk` xjf `fzx hi|' ofilè i scl`xlggkafxf ulxj

jla glf hfxfal`fh xjf rkoiogf rkslxlk` kn xjf kodfcx' ujlcjjih off` iokvx k`f algf *rgvs k al`vs 2? algf, nka jls ci

ix xjf cgksfsx rkl`x Xjf` jf aihf skaf l`yvllfs l` xjf ifi

Xjf l`~fsxleixlk`s jih xuk fsvgxs Nlsx' ujlgf uigmlè l` xjfnkfsx' jf `kxlcfh xjix nk skaf hlsxi`cf ikv`h xjf srkx ujff

xjf skvcf kn glejx jih off`' i`laig glnf jih slarg| ~i`lsjfhXjff uff `k syvlfgs' `k olhs' f~f` `k l`sfcxsi`h is i

jv`xf' jf uis yvlxf nialgli ulxj xjf Gkvlsliì nivì Sfck`h'jf eixjffh sf~fig frkxs o| gkcig rfkrgf ujk jih sff` xjf glejx

i`h cgilas o| niafs xjix larkxi`x gkss kn cixxgf jih kccvfhl` xjf siaf rflkh

V`xlg L jfih xjf rj|slclsx%s xfsxlak`|' L jih `f~f el~f` avcj

cfhf`cf xk frkxs kn sxkgf` cixxgf Ckus i`h jksfs hlh v` iui|

skafxlafs' k uff sxkgf`' i`h xjf glmfgljkkh xjix i niaf ukvgh

x| xk rgicf xjf ogiaf k` skaf svrfìxvig ief`c| fail`s ~f|

jlej f~f` l` xjf xuf`xlfxj cf`xv|

Xjff ls' jkuf~f' i rfcfhf`x' ujlcj ci``kx of le`kfh4 xjf

L fk|' Mi`sis' cisf ujff i cku uis sxkgf` o| xjf rlgkxs kn i

gl~lè kodfcx. Ln xjix frkx uff hixfh nka 9>' rfjirs lx

ckvgh of le`kfh' gl`l lx uis fckhfh i`h suk` ofnkf ulx`fssfs


28/200

8> RISSRK_X XK AIEK@LIXJF EKKH RFKRGF 85

k` Irlg ?9' 9:


30/200


Lx hkfs igg aimf sf`sf Xjfsf uff xjf nicxs uf ji~f alssfh'

ulxjkvx ujlcj uf ckvgh `f~f rlfcf xjf VNK dlesiu xkefxjfRlfsxs i`h scjkgis gfnx okkms iokvx xjf gfef`hs kn xjfl xlaf

ck`cf`lè xjfsf oflès Xjfsf okkms jih xk of nkv`h' ckggfcxfh'i`h sxvhlfh Xjf| ck`xil`fh `k skgvxlk`s' k`g| fgfaf`xs kn efix

rvttgfaf`x Ovx xjls rvttgfaf`x uis hkcvaf`xfh Xkefxjf'

xjfsf sxklfs rfsf`xfh i ckjff`x rlcxvf kn xjf irrfii`cf' xjfkei`ltixlk`' i`h xjf afxjkhs kn kv sxièf ~lslxks Xjf irrfi!i`cf uishkcs xjls svrlsf |kv;fzicxg| xjix kn xkhi|%s VNK

rlgkxs Xjf afxjkhs uff xjf siaf Xjff uis xjf svhhf` ~lslk`kn olggli`x /jkvsfs/ ix `lejx' jkvsfs xjix ckvgh knxf` ng|' xjix

ck`xil`fh rfcvgli giars' ihli`x glejxs xjix `ffhfh `k nvfgXjf cfixvfs ckvgh riig|tf xjfl ulx`fssfs i`h xi`sgixf xjfa

xjkvej xlaf Xjf| jv`xfh i`laigs i`h xkkm iui| rfkrgf Xjflkei`ltixlk` jih i ìaf4 xjf Sfcfx Ckaakùfigxj

L` Xjf Aielc Cisfaf`x' i okkm fhlxfh o| Ignfh @k|fs iokvx9


31/200

CJIRXF_ XJ_FF

XJF SFC_FX CKAAK@UFIGXJ

Xk m`ku jvai` glnf k`f avsx ek hffr

of`fixj lxs sv``| fzxflk= i`h xk m`ku

xjix svaaf!sfi ujlcj ls xjf Nil|!Nilxj

k`f avsx rvx k` i svlx kn iakv i`h

hl~f of`fixj lxs ui~fs i`h ofjkgh xjf

if ckigs i`h ak~lè sfi!rigas i`h igg

xjf olggli`x cfixvfs ujk ak^f l` i`h

kvx iakè xjksf ckigs i`h sfi!rigas' i`h

xjf jklogf i`h iunvg cfixvfs xkk'

cfixvfs ujlcj ukvgh hf~kv xjf ai`

uff jls iakv `kx kn sxffgnk xjf| igg

alègf xkefxjf l` xjf hfrxjs kn xjix sfi jlhhf` nka kv ~lfu is uf silg k~f

xjf svnicf kn lxs sv`!glx uixfs k`g|

Uigxf Uc`xt' Xjf Nil|!Nilxj l`Cfgxlc Ckv`xlfs

XJ F XFGFX\RF afssief il~fh l` Hi|xk`' Kjlk' k` Sfrxfaof


32/200


?22!? Mfgg| Il Nkcf Oisf uis sf`hlè skafxjlè ~f| cgksfxk i ejksx sxk| Xjf frkx aihf fnff`cf xk xuk sfriixf l`cl!

hf`xs' kccvlè' fsrfcxl~fg|' k` Ivevsx > i`h Sfrxfaof 3' 9>'l` i saigg Xfzis xku` Xjf ivxjk kn xjf frkx ls i nixjf kn

nkv cjlghf` Uf sjigg cigg jla _kofx Jls jkvsf ls gkcixfh l` inilg| lskgixfh srkx' i`h jf jis `f~f hlscvssfh xjf l`clhf`xs ulxj

jls `flejoksK` Ivevsx >' xjf xjff |kvèfsx cjlghf` *iefs slz xk `l`f,

`kxlcfh i him kodfcx sjirfh glmf i` vrslhf!hku` cvr Igxjkvej

lx uis inxf`kk`' xjf cjlghf` jih `kx sff` xjf kodfcx il~f Lxuis him' /ulxjkvx ckgk i`h ulxjkvx glejxs/ Xjf` i syvif

|fggku glejx irrfifh' glmf i hkk krf`lè' i`h i saigg cfixvf

uis sff` l` xjf syvif kn glejx Xjf f`xlx|' xjff xk nkv nffx xigg'uis hfssfh l` ogicm cgkxjlè' ujlcj fngfcxfh i |fggku k ekgh

ckgk Xjf kosf~ixlk` gisxfh sf~fig al`vxfs' xjf` xjf hkkcgksfh I gku jvaalè skv`h ofciaf ivhlogf' i`h xjf kodfcx

xkkm knn xkuih xjf `kxjfisx' lslè sjirg| ovx ix i` v`fzcfr!

xlkìg srffh *Xjfsf hfxilgs' ìxvigg|' uff `kx el~f` srk`xi`f!kvsg| o| xjf cjlghf`= xjf sxk| uis fck`sxlxvxfh hvlè xjf l`!

~fsxleixlk`, Ix `k xlaf hlh xjf kodfcx xkvcj xjf ekv`h4 lxjk~ffh ix i jflejx kn iokvx nlnxff` nffx' `fi i xff' ujlcj uis

nkv`h v`hiaiefh' iokvx xjlx|!nl~f nffx nka xjf jkvsf

Xjf sfck`h slejxlè xkkm rgicf k` Sfrxfaof 3 Aksx kn xjf

nialg| jih ek`f iui|' ovx xjf kghfsx hivejxf jih fail`fh l`xjf jkvsf ulxj i nlf`h Xjf| uff uixcjlè xfgf~lslk` l` xjf

inxf`kk` ujf` xjf sfx /s`kufh'/ xjf` uf`x kvx Xjf jkvsf uisglx vr ulxj fflf fh i`h |fggku glejx' ujlcj irrfifh xk of cl!

cglè k xulglè Xjf| gkkmfh kvxslhf i`h siu i` kodfcx jk~f!

lè l` xjf siaf rkslxlk`' o| xjf siaf xff' is l` xjf nlsx slejxlèLxs sjirf' ieil`' uis xjix kn i` vrslhf!hku` cvr' ulxj i ngix hlsm

of`fixj' glmf i sivcf Lx uis ck~ffh ulxj glejx i`h hfrixfhsjkxg| inxfuih @k sle` kn glnf uis irrif`x l`slhf k kvxslhf

xjf cinx

Xuk hi|s gixf' _kofx uis rkrrfh vr l` ofh Xjkvej jls

hkk i`h ickss xjf jigg jf ckvgh sfc i him hkkui| gfihlè xk

jls sk`s% ofhkka Igg kn i svhhf` jf siu i saigg rfsk`' xjffi`h i jign xk nkv nffx xigg' hfssfh l` xlejx!nlxxlè cgkxjfs' f`xf

xjf him ofhkka Jf issvafh lx uis jls saigg hivejxf eklèl` xk xigm xk jf akxjf ujk uis l` xjf kka ulxj jls sk`s

XJF SFC_FX CKAAK@UFIGXJ 63

Iokvx xf` al`vxfs gixf jf siu skafxjlè glmf i /oi kn glejx'/

ujlcj irrfifh xk cvaogf Jf ekx vr i`h uf`x xk xjf kka'

ujff jf nkv`h jls ulnf i`h xjf ok|s' ujk jih igsk sff` xjf oi

kn glejx Jf hlh `kx sff xjf rfsk` l` ujlxf gfi~f' i`h jls ulnf

sxixfh xjfl hivejxf jih `kx off` l` xjf kka ix i`| xlaf Xjff

uis `k rj|slcig f~lhf`cf xk svosxi`xlixf xjf rfsf`cf kn xjf saigg

rfsk` l` xjf jkvsf

/XJF _KCMS UF_F NVGG KN XJFA/

K` xjf lsgi`h kn Iiakc' i ai` ìafh /Kgh Rixs|'/ ujka

uf afx l` Cjirxf Xuk' xkgh Uigxf Uf`xt i /xvf sxk| iokvx

xjf nillfs/4

Xuf`x| |fis k sk iek ikv`h xjf Ofhh kn Hfakx i`h Ei`li'dvsx iok~f vs k` xjf jlgg' xjff uff sff` ai`| nillfs' ckuhs knxjfa i`h i slègf hff Xjf| ofei` xk cjisf xjf hff' i`h nkggkufhlx lejx ickss xjf lsgi`h Ix i`kxjf xlaf slalgi glxxgf rfkrgf cjisfhi jksf Xjf kcms uff nvgg kn xjfa' i`h xjf| uff saigg nfggkus

I`kxjf rfsk` xkgh Uf`xt4

A| akxjf vsfh xk xfgg iokvx sfflè xjf /nil!nkgm/ hi`clè l`xjf nlfghs `fi Cihlei`= i`h kxjf rfkrgf ji~f sff` xjfa ikv`hxjf ckagfcj vr xjff k` xjf jlgg Xjf| irrfifh is glxxgf cjlghf`l` cgkxjfs glmf skghlfs% cgkxjfs i`h ulxj fh cirs' icckhlè xk skaficckv`xs

Ujlgf Uf`xt uis fckhlè aixflig l` Lfgi`h' jf uf`x xk

_ixi ulxj H J|hf' i`h xjf| uff xkgh xjls sxk| iokvx i

/gfrfcjiv`/4

K`f hi| L uis eixjflè oflfs igkè i jfhef `kx ni nka jff

i`h skafxjlè aihf af xv` k~f i ngix sxk`f ujlcj L siu l` xjfhlxcj ujff L sxkkh I`h xjff of`fixj xjf sxk`f uis xjf aksxofivxlnvg glxxgf cfixvf L ji~f f~f sff` l` a| glnf' i`h jf l` i jkgfis save is ckvgh of Jf uis`%x avcj gief xji` i hkgg i`h jf uisaksx rfnfcxg| nkafh ulxj i glxxgf akvxj i`h f|fs L xv`fh xjfsxk`f k~f ieil` i`h i` is jih is L ckvgh xk olè a| akxjf' ovxujf` uf ekx oicm uf ckvgh`%x sfc i xjlè kn jla

@ku' sl`cf uf ic efxxlè xk xjf cf`xig lhfi kn xjls okkm' L

ulgg yvkxf xuk akf sxklfs' okxj kn xjfa /gi`hlè/ frkxs nka

*jf lcjfsx rflkh' l` xfas kn `vaof kn gi`hlès frkxfh'

ivxva`' 9


33/200


Xjf nlsx cisf xkkm rgicf k` Kcxkof 432 RA'

is xjf| uff kggf smixlè' xjf| svhhf`g| siu skafxjlè gval!

`kvs `fi xjf cfafxf|4

Lx uis i kv`h aicjl`f' iokvx ?6 afxfs l` hliafxf' ujlcj uissxi`hlè k` xjff gfes Skk` i ai` ciaf kvx Jf uis jkghlè i

glejxfh ngisjglejx l` jls ji`h i`h lx ogl`hfh vs Ovx uf ckvgh sffxjix jf jih gief f|fs' i nicf ck~ffh ulxj jil i`h xjix jf uis ~f|saigg' iokvx nkv nffx xigg glf uis hfssfh l` i skx kn ogicm sicm glmfxjf cisskcm A gf Cvf ufis Jf gkkmfh ix vs i`h silh skafxjlèuf hlh `kx v`hfsxi`h Jf xv`fh knn xjf ngisjglejx Uf ofciafinilh i`h i` iui| Ujf` uf gkkmfh oicm uf siu skafxjlè l`xjf sm|4 lx uis ~f| jlej' ~f| olejx i`h ngfu nisx

Xjf sfck`h cisf ls i cgisslc k`f Lx jirrf`fh k` Sv`hi|' Sfr!

xfaof ?>' l` Cjiocvlg' Hkaf Ix iokvx ?432 RA ' As Gfokfvn

uis eixjflè ogicmoflfs igkè i jfhef|fs' lx ls igaksx xjf

fzicx hvrglcixlk` kn xjf gfrfcjiv` sxk|ujf`4

xjf hke ofei` xk oim i`h xjf` sxixfh jkuglè alsfiog| Sjf

gkkmfh ikv`h i`h siu xjf glxxgf i`laig sxi`hlè ix xjf fhef kn iujfix nlfgh' l` nk`x kn skafxjlè xjix sjf xjkvejx ix nlsx uis iscifcku Ovx eklè cgksf' sjf siu xjix xjf /scifcku/ uis skafml`h kn saigg hl~lè svlx' aihf kn xi`sgvcf`x rgisxlc aixflig' xjffnffx xigg k i glxxgf xiggf' ulxj i jfih xjix uis igsk xi`sgvcf`xi`hsvhhf`g| sjf figltfh xjix l`slhf xjf hl~lè svlx uis i Xjlè' i`hxjix ofjl`h xjf ogvfh xi`srif`c| kn xjf /jfgafx/ xuk f|fs uffgkkmlè ix jf= ix gfisx sjf jih xjf larfsslk` kn f|fs' ovx xjf|sffafh gief xji` jvai` f|fs Is sjf figltfh xjls' xjf hl~lè svlxofei` xk ak~f xkuih jf' ulxj i ml`h kn yvlcm' uihhglè eilx9

Ix xjls rkl`x' As Gfokfvn ngfh l` xfk i`h jlh l` i `fio|

xjlcmfx Ujf` sjf xlfh xk gkcixf xjf f`xlx|' xjff uis `kxjlè

xk of sff`' ovx igg xjf hkes l` xjf ~lggief uff nvlkvsg| oimlèIgg kn i svhhf`' i gief afxigglc' clcvgi kodfcx ksf nka ofjl`h

skaf xffs i`h xkkm knn xkuih xjf `kxjfisx Rfkrgf ujk jih

jfih xjf ulx`fss%s clfs skk` eixjffh ikv`h jf Ix xjf slxf

ujff xjf hlsm jih off` sff` xk lsf' i clcgf uis nkv`h' iokvx

xf` nffx l` hliafxf' ujff sjvos i`h ovsjfs jih off` cvsjfh4

Nka k`f kn xjf icicli xffs ix xjf fhef kn xjls clcvgi larl`xjvè hku` i oi`cj akf xji` xjff l`cjfs xjlcm' okmf` o| rfs!svf nka iok~f Xjf oi`cj kn i`kxjf icicli' ujlcj jvè k~f xjfclcvgi aim flejx i`h i jign nffx iok~f xjf ekv`h' uis f`xlfg|sxlrrfh kn lxs gfi~fs Xjf nlsx nfu |ihs kn ujfix' l` xjf rixj kn xjf


kodfcx is lx xkkm knn xjkvej xjf nlfgh' uff ngixxf`fh kvx l` ihl!ixlè gl`fs?

L jihg| `ffh v`hfgl`f xjf slalgilx| ofxuff` xjf hfrfsslk`

gfnx o| xjls kodfcx i`h xjf ~ilkvs ml`hs kn lès k `fsxs uf ji~f

igfih| sxvhlfh

Gfx vs `ku fxv` xk xjf ri`s' xjf huinlsj icf xjix iccka!

ri`lfs xjf mklei`s' xjf nillfs kn Olxxi`| Xjf| if sff` k`g|ix xulglejx k ix `lejx Skaf ci| i xkcj glmf i Ufgsj hfixj!

ci`hgf Xjf| ji~f sukhs `k oleef xji` rl`s Icckhlè xk

^lggfaiyvf' i cifnvg hlsxl`cxlk` sjkvgh of hiu` ofxuff` mk!

lei`s i`h huins Xjf gixxf if i jlhfkvs icf kn oflès ulxj

him k f~f` ogicm jil| okhlfs' ulxj ~klcfs glmf kgh af` i`h glxxgf

srimglè ogicm f|fs

I ai` ujk ukxf xk af inxf fihlè Iìxka| kn i Rjf`kaf!

`k` rkl`xfh kvx xjix igxjkvej of uis v`ck`~l`cfh iokvx xjf

fzlsxf`cf kn xjf v`lhf`xlnlfh ng|lè kodfcxs' jf jih hlsck~ffh

skafxjlè jf xjkvejx alejx of kn l`xffsx xk af I`h jf ck`!

xl`vfh xjvs4

L ji~f srf`x sf~fig |fis hklè fsficj k` xjf Cjfkmff L`hli`'ujlcj ls i oi`cj kn xjf Lkyvli` xlof Ujf` xjf Cjfkmffs al!eixfh l`xk xjf jlggs kn Xf``fssff xjf| ciaf vrk` i sxièf icf kn/akk`!f|fh/ rfkrgf ujk ckvgh `kx sff l` xjf hi|glejx Xjf Cjfk!mffs oflè vìogf xk v`hfsxi`h /xjfsf ufxcjfs/ fzrfggfh xjfa

Oixk` l` 95 |fis gixf' sxixfsxjf l`~ihlè Cjfkmffs nkv`h ujlxf rfkrgf `fi xjf jfih kn GlxxgfXf``fssff ulxj nkxs fzxf`hlè hku` is ni is xjf Cjlciaiveicffm Jf el~fs xjf gkcixlk` kn xjff kn xjfsf nkxs

Ck`nlaixlk` kn a| ckfsrk`hf`x%s frkx ls nkv`h l` xjf fz!

cfggf`x okkm Akv`h Ovlghfs kn I`clf`x Iaflcixjf Icjif!

kgke| kn i A|xj' ujff _kofx Slg~fofe yvkxfs Oixk`%s @fu

^lfus kn xjf Klel`s kn xjf Xlofs i`h @ixlk`s kn Iaflci

*rvoglsjfh l` Rjlgihfgrjli l` 95


34/200

6> RISSRK_X XK AIEK@LI

xjfsf igol`k rfkrgf uff fsrk slogf nk xjf Xf``fssff akv`hs/3

Gfx vs ckaf xk xjf rkl`x `ku Lx ukvgh of `lcf xk jkgh k`

xk xjf ckaak` ofglfn xjix xjf VNK%s if cinx nka i svrflksricf!cl~lgltixlk`' ofcivsf xjls ls i j|rkxjfsls sclf`cf nlcxlk` jis

aihf ulhfg| iccfrxiogf' i`h ofcivsf uf if `kx igxkefxjf v`!rfrifh' sclf`xlnlcigg| i`h f~f`' rfjirs' alglxilg|' xk hfig ulxj

svcj ~lslxks V`nkxvìxfg|' jkuf~f' xjf xjfk| xjix ng|lè siv!cfs if aixflig kodfcxs nka kvxf sricf ai``fh o| i icf

klelìxlè k` skaf kxjf rgi`fx ls `kx i ckargfxf i`suf Jku!f~f sxkè xjf cvf`x ofglfn l` sivcfs nka sricf' lx ci``kx of

sxkèf xji` xjf Cfgxlc nilxj l` xjf fg~fs i`h xjf nillfs' k xjfafhlf~ig ofglfn l` xvxl`s' k xjf nfi xjkvejkvx xjf Cjlsxli`

gi`hs' l` xjf nlsx cf`xvlfs kn kv fi' kn hfak`s i`h six|s i`hniv`s Cfxil`g|' lx ci``kx of sxkèf xji` xjf nilxj xjix l`srlfh

xjf ulxfs kn xjf Ologfi nilxj kkxfh l` hilg| fzrflf`cfs ulxjièfglc ~lslxixlk`

L` sjkx' o| sveefsxlè xjix akhf` VNK slejxlès alejx of

xjf fsvgx kn fzrflaf`xskn i /sclf`xlnlc/ k f~f` /svrf!sclf`!xlnlc/ ìxvfck`hvcxfh o| i icf kn sricf!xi~fgfs' uf ai| of

xjf ~lcxlas kn kv le`ki`cf' i` le`ki`cf xjix nl`hs lxs civsf l`xjf nicx xjix lhlkxs i`h rfhi`xs iglmf' xjkvej i ckaak` fic!

xlk` xjix rs|cjkgkelsxs ckvgh rfjirs fzrgil` ln xjf| uff `kx lxsnlsx ~lcxlas' ji~f ck~ffh xjf nil|!nilxj ulxj xjf siaf lhlcvgf

is kxjf lhlkxs i`h rfhi`xs ck~f xjf VNK rjf`kaf`k` Xjffigltixlk` xjix vaks kn xjf fig afi`lè kn xjf VNK rjf`ka!

f`k` sfx l` akxlk` xjf hffrfsx i`h aksx rkufnvg af`xig afcj!i`lsas aimfs iccfrxi`cf kn svcj nicxs ~f| hlnnlcvgx' fsrfcligg|

sl`cf xjf nicxs le`kf nk`xlfs' cffhs' i`h icfs' hfn| ixlkìgsxixfaf`x' i`h xv` ikv`h xjf aksx gkelcig rfhlcxlk`s is ln xjf|

uff aff xk|s

Lx ls hlnnlcvgx xk ckaf xk elrs ulxj xjf VNK rjf`kaf`k`= nk'igxjkvej lx cgfig| f~kg~fs xjkvej rjisfs' lxs fnnfcxs if hlnnvsf

i`h lx ci``kx of hixfh ~f| rfclsfg| Uf ji~f xk fg| k` gfef`hs'jfisi|' i`h fzxirkgixlk`s Avcj ci` of icckarglsjfh' jkuf~f'

k`cf lx ls figltfh xjix xjf kosf~ixlkìg aixflig k` ji`h sl`cfUkgh Ui LLxjf xuf`x| xjkvsi`h k sk cgfi!cvx' hixfh f!

rkxs kn VNK%s l` knnlclig i`h rl~ixf nlgfsls `kxjlè ovx ifsvef`cf kn i hffr sxfia l` jvai` cvgxvf m`ku` l` kghf

xlafs v`hf ~ilkvs kxjf ìafs


Uf`xt' is uf ji~f sff`' nkv`h sf~fig rfkrgf l` Cfgxlc ckv`!

xlfs ujk jih sff` xjf Ef`x| k jih m`ku` rfkrgf ujk uff

ximf` o| nillfs L` Olxxi`|' jf jih avcj efixf hlnnlcvgx|4

Xjf ef`fig ofglfn l` xjf l`xflk kn Olxxi`| ls xjix xjf nffs k`cffzlsxfh' ovx xjix xjf| hlsirrfifh is xjfl ckv`x| uis cjièfh o|akhf` ck`hlxlk`s L` xjf felk` kn xjf Ac`f i`h kn Fcf *Lggf!fx!

^lgil`f, lx ls silh xjix nk akf xji` i cf`xv| xjff ji~f off` `knffs i`h k` xjf sfi ckisx ujff lx ls nlag| ofglf~fh xjix xjf nffsvsfh xk l`jiolx cfxil` ekxxkfs l` xjf cglnns' xjf krl`lk` ls xjix xjf|hlsirrfifh ix xjf ofel``lè kn xjf gisx cf`xv| Xjf kghfsx Ofxk`ssi| xjix xjfl rif`xs k ei`h!rif`xs knxf` srkmf iokvx ji~lè sff`

nffs' ovx ~f| ifg| hk xjf| si| xjix xjf| xjfasfg~fs ji~f sff` nffsA Rivg Sfolggkx nkv`h k`g| xuk ujk jih K`f uis i` kgh `ffhgf!ukai` kn Sil`x!Cisx' ujk jih svcj nfi knnffs xjix ln sjf uis k`jf ui| xk hk skaf sfulè l` xjf ckv`x| i`h lx uis `lejx sjfigui|s xkkm i gkè clcvlxkvs kvxf xk i~klh risslè `fi i nlfghm`ku` is xjf Ckv~f`x hfs Nffs' Xjf kxjf uis Ailf Cjfjv' iukai` :: |fis kgh$

Xjf cf`xig yvfsxlk` l` xjf iìg|sls kn xjf VNK rjf`kaf`k`

jis igui|s off` xjix kn xjf ck`xkgglè l`xfgglef`cf ofjl`h xjf

kodfcxs% irrif`xg| rvrksfnvg ofji~lk L` sxixlè xjf rkogfa l`

svcj xfas' L ia `kx issvalè xjix xjf kodfcxs if figck`xi|

xk xjf larglcixlk`s skafk`f alejx hiu ln jf fih xjls okkm xkk

nisx \fx l` `k ui| ia L fzcgvhlè xjf rksslolglx| xjix xjls ck`!

xkgglè l`xfgglef`cf ls jvai`' i`h L sjigg fgiokixf k` xjls lhfi

l` gixf cjirxfs Nk xjf xlaf oflè' gfx af slarg| sxixf ieil` a|

oislc ck`xf`xlk`4 xjf akhf`' egkoig ofglfn l` ng|lè sivcfs i`h

xjfl kccvri`xs ls lhf`xlcig xk i` figlf ofglfn l` xjf nil|!nilxj

Xjf f`xlxlfs hfsclofh is xjf rlgkxs kn xjf cinx ic l`hlsxlèvlsj!

iogf nka xjf fg~fs' s|grjs' i`h gvxl`s kn xjf Alhhgf Iefs

Xjkvej xjf kosf~ixlk`s kn v`lhf`xlnlfh ng|lè kodfcxs' uf ic

ck`cf`fh ulxj i` ief`c| kv i`cfsxks m`fu ufgg i`h feihfh

ulxj xfk4 uf if r|lè l`xk xjf innils kn xjf Sfcfx Ckaak`!

ufigxj

$ L` v`hfximlè fsficj l`xk ofglfns l` nillfs' Ef`x|cigg xjfa ujix|kv ulggck`nvslk` ilsfs nka xjf efix ~ilfx| kn ìafs i`h cgisslnlci!xlk`s el~f` xjf hlnnff`x icfs kn oflès L` Gkuf Olxxi`| igk`f' RivgSfolggkx jis nkv`h i`h cgisslnlfh nlnx| hlnnff`x ìafs el~f` xk gvxl`s i`hmklei`s' ujlgf gixl`s xjfasfg~fs if xjf siaf is xjf fg~lsj rfkrgf4 rlzlfsl` Ckùigg' kol` ekkh!nfggkus l` Fègi`h' ekjgla l` Uigfs' ekvogl`sl @klaan~' /`h oku`lfs l` Sckxgi`h


35/200

0 s RISSRK_X XK AIEK@LI XJF SFC_FX CKAAK@UFIGXJ 62 RISSRK_X XK AIEK@LI

xjf glxfixvf kn VNK%s' xjf sxièf oflès knxf` ckaf nka xjf

sfi Xjvs Uf`xt gfi`fh4

Xjff ls i` l`~lslogf lsgi`h ofxuff` L``lsavi| i`h xjfckisx krrkslxf Eièf' k` ujlcj rix kn xjf Ef`x| ls svrrksfh xkfslhf Ujf` lx ls ~lslogf lx ls k`g| ~lslogf nk i sjkx xlaf

L` xjf gfef`hs kn Fvkrf' lx ls ofxuff` xjf flejxj i`h xjf xf`xjcf`xvlfs xjix cfgfsxlig rkhlelfs uff aksx knxf` ~lslogf Ovx xjf

okkms k` aielc i`h hfak`kgke| isskclixf svrfìxvig oflèsulxj cfgfsxlig sle`s I sxièf cixfek| kn hf~lgs ciggfh /Nlhi|

Hfak`s/ ls hfsclofh l` Xjf Aielcig Ukms kn Jf`l!Ck`flggfIelrri Xjfsf hf~lgs if kn afhlva jflejx' ixjf ji`hskaf

Xjfl il~ig ls rfcfhfh o| i olggli`x sxi Icckhlè xk xjfUfsxf` cioiglsxs' xjf s|grjs ngfu xjkvej xjf il ulxj xjf srffh

kn glejx`lè' lhlè i /rfcvgli cgkvh/ Lx ls `kxfukxj|' xkk' xjixl` Ni`cf skaf nillfs ic svrrksfh xk ofi i gval`kvs sxk`f' i`

kodfcx xjix ls knxf` rix kn xjf fyvlraf`x kn ng|lè sivcf kc!cvri`xs Ai`| i /glxxgf ai`/ jis i glejx k` flxjf jls ofgx' cjfsx'

k jfgafx L` i Nf`cj xihlxlk` xjix sv~l~fs l` akhf` `k~fgs'>

xjf nkxvìxf akxig ujk ci` sxfig xjf nil|%s gval`kvs sxk`f ls

svf kn glnfgkè jirrl`fss

K` Dv`f 95' 959

cilief' jih `kx svnnffh nka igg xjix nglejx Lx fzclxfh sk avcjcvlkslx| xjix rfkrgf ciaf nka igg rixs xk sff lx Xjf` igg kn isvhhf` i ml`h kn hkk krf`fh i`h' xjff ls xjf l`xffsxlè xjlè' irfsk` glmf vs ciaf kvx kn lx' ovx xjls rfsk` uis hfssfh l` i sxièfui|' ufilè i xlejx!nlxxlè svlx i`h' sfflè igg xjix ckuh' silh skafukhs ujlcj uff `kx v`hfsxkkh i`h ngfh l`xk xjf ukkh L`sxl`c!xl~fg|' xjf rfisi`xs sxfrrfh oicm' l` nfi' i`h xjls si~fh xjfa of!

civsf skk` inxf xjix xjf srjff fzrgkhfh l` slgf`cf' xjkulè rlfcfsf~f|ujff' i`h xjfsf rlfcfs ov`fh v`xlg xjf| uff fhvcfh xkrkuhf.

_fsficjfs uff l`lxlixfh xk nl`h xjf a|sxflkvs ai`' ovx jfsffafh xk ji~f hlsskg~fh5

Gfx vs nkggku xjf sxièf oflès ickss xjf ukgh `ku' xk

Afzlck' ujff i` Iaflci` i`xjkrkgkelsx' Oli` Sxkss' nka

Ofmfgf|' frkxs xjix xjf Xtfgxig L`hli`s ji~f sxièf gfef`hs kn

xjfl ku` K`f `lejx' Sxkss i`h jls L`hli` isslsxi`x hlscvssfh

xjfsf gfef`hs' kn xjf ;ljm%hgs k lmigs' xjf glxxgf ogicm oflès' inxf

sfflè i sxièf glejx ui`hflè iokvx l` xjf Afzlci` sm|

Xjf lmigs if xjff!nkkx xigg' jil|' ogicm jvai`klhs ujka xjf

ìxl~fs f`ckv`xf nfyvf`xg|' i`h Sxkss gfi`fh4

Iokvx xuf`x| |fis iek' k gfss' xjff uff ai`| slejxlès kn xjlscfixvf k cfixvfs' i`h sf~fig rfkrgf irrif`xg| xlfh xk nlejx lxulxj aicjfxfs K`f ai` igsk siu i saigg srjff nkggkulè jla nkaiokvx nl~f nffx Inxf ai`| ixxfarxs jf nlìgg| jlx lx ulxj jlsaicjfxf i`h lx hlsl`xfeixfh' gfi~lè k`g| i` isj!glmf svosxi`cf:

Xjf oflès uff kosf~fh l` i`clf`x xlafs Xjf| ng|' xjf| ix!

xicm rfkrgf' i`h' l` xjf akhf` frkxs' xjf| ci| i ml`h kn

kcmfx k` xjfl oicms i`h mlhìr L`hli`s Kccislkìgg|' Sxkss

uis xkgh' rfkrgf ji~f off` /riig|tfh/ ujf` xjf| ciaf vrk`

xjf lmigs' ujk if silh xk gl~f l` ci~fs' ujlcj xjf ìxl~fs if cifnvg

`kx xk f`xf

Ekhk` Cflejxk`' i sxinn afaof kn xjf Ng|lè Sivcf _f~lfu

i`h i nkaf glèvlsxlc fzrfx ulxj xjf Olxlsj nkfle` sf~lcf' jih

kccislk` xk sxvh| L`hli` nkgmgkf hvlè sf~fig ~lslxs l` Gixl`

Iaflci Ckaaf`xlè vrk` Sxkss%s frkx' Cflejxk` rkl`xfh

kvx xjix ukhs svcj is lm i`h lmig uff nkv`h l` igg xjf hligfcxs

kn xjf Ai|i!Skmf glèvlsxlc ekvr4

Xjf Xtfgxig ukhs ljm i`h ljm%ig *xjf ihdfcxl~f nka, slarg|afi ogicm oflè k /ogicm/ L` xjf Ai|i gièvief' uf nl h


37/200

>? RISSRK_X XK AICK@LI

xjix lmafi`s il k ul`h' i`h lmig afi`s i srllx' ujlgf fmafi`sogicm Xjf Mfmcjl Ai|i' l` xjf Igxi ^fi Rit felk` kn Evixfaigi'xigm kn i mfm Xjf mfm*afi`l`eogicml` xjf Mfmcjl hligfcx kn Ai|i,ls silh xk of i cf`xiv!glmf ofl`e xjix evihs jls rixk`%s jkvsf ix`lejx' i`h nlejxf`s rfkrgf ix hvsm Ogicm' veg|' jil|' jf ls jign!jvai`' ulxj jvai` ji`hs ovx xjf jkk~fs kn i jksf6


38/200

>8 RISSRK_X XK AIEK@LI

L` xjf gisx jign kn xjf sf~f`xff`xj cf`xv|' i Sckxxlsj scjkgi

eixjffh igg xjf icckv`xs jf ckvgh nl`h iokvx xjf Sgfiej Ailxji`h' l` 9>


39/200

>> RISSRK_X XK AIEK@LI XJF SFC_FX CKAAK@UFIGXJ >5

Lx ls faimiogf xjix k`f ci``kx nl`h i slègf ulxf ujk cgilas

jf m`kus xjf rj|slcig ìxvf kn xjf nillfs98 Xjf| el~f vs xjflrfskìg krl`lk`s k` xjf svodfcx k frkx k` xjf ~ilkvs xjfklfs

jfgh hvlè xjfl xlaf' ovx xjf| hk `kx issvf vs xjf| ji~f i nlìg

i`suf Xk Mlm' xjf Ekkh Rfkrgf ji~f okhlfs sk

rg|iogf xjkkvej xjf Svoxlgx| kn xjf Srllxs xjix ielxixf xjfa' xjix

xjf| ci` aimf xjfa irrfi k hlsirrfi ix Rgfisvf Skaf ji~fOkhlfs k ^fjlcgfs sk srvèlk`s' xjl`' i`h hfnfcix' xjix xjf| if nfho| k`g| svcmlè l`xk skaf nl`f srllxvkvs glyvks' xjix rlfcf g|mcrvf Il i`h K|g

Icckhlè xk afhlf~ig kccvgxlsxs' igg l`~lslogf oflès ci` of

hl~lhfh l`xk nkv cgissfs4 xjf ièfgs' xjf ekhs kn xjf i`clf`xs= xjfhf~lgs k hfak`s' xjf niggf` ièfgs= xjf skvgs kn xjf hfih= i`h xjf

fgfaf`xig srllxs' ujlcj ckfsrk`h xk Mlm%s Sfcfx Ckaak`!ufigxj L` xjf nkvxj ekvr if xjf e`kafs' ujk l`jiolx xjf fixj

i`h ckfsrk`h xk al`f!jiv`xlè nillfs' ekogl`s' rlzlfs' mklei`s'gfrfcjiv`s' i`h xjf hkak~k|s kn _vssli` gfef`hs' i`h xjf

s|grjs' ujk l`jiolx xjf il Xjfsf svohl~lslk`s if ko~lkvsg|iolxi|' i`h Riicfgsvs jlasfgn ulgg ihalx lx ls fzxfafg| hlnnlcvgxxk rk~lhf hfnl`lxlk`s nk xjfsf ~ilkvs cgissfs

Xjf okhlfs kn xjf Fgfaf`xigs ic /kn i` fgisxlc sfal!aixfligfssf`cf' fxjffig f`kvej sk is `kx xk of hfxfcxfh o| xjf rj|slcig

slejx' i`h xjf| ai| cjièf xjfl nkas icckhlè xk cfxil` gius/

Xk sxix nka xjls oisls ukvgh ìxvigg| krf` xjf ui| xk ni!

ficjlè srfcvgixlk`s Nka Dkj` Aic @flg kn Oii' Uf`xtgfi`fh4

Xjf kgh rfkrgf silh xjf| hlh`%x m`ku ln nillfs uff ngfsj i`hJkkh k srllxs Xjf| siu xjfa is af` kn akf hlal`vxl~f sxixvf

xji` kv ku` icf L jfih a| nixjf si| xjix nillfs vsfh xk ckafi`h srfim xk ìxvig rfkrgf i`h xjf` ~i`lsj ujlgf k`f uis gkkmlèix xjfa Nil| ukaf` vsfh xk ek l`xk jkvsfs i`h xigm i`h xjf`~i`lsj Xjf ef`fig ofglfn uis xjix xjf nillfs uff srllxs ujk ckvghaimf xjfasfg~fs sff` k `kx sff ix ulgg I`h ujf` xjf| xkkm rfkrgfxjf| xkkm okh| i`h skvg xkefxjf

I`kxjf ai` l`xf~lfufh o| Uf`xt l`slsxfh xjix /xjf nillfs

kn xjf il if hlnnff`x nka xjksf l` xjf kcms/ Slalgig|' l`

Olxxi`|' rkrvgi xihlxlk` hl~lhfs xjf nillfs l`xk xuk ekvrs4

r|ea|!sltfh f`xlxlfs f`hkufh ulxj aielc rkufs i`h xjf sclf`cf

kn rkrjfc|' k` k`f ji`h= i`h ujlxf' iflig nillfs' k` xjf kxjf

Oflès l` xjf nlsx cixfek| if ogicm' jil|= xjfl ji`hs xfalìxf

l` xigk`s Xjf| ji~f kgh nicfs i`h jkggku f|fs' saigg i`h olejx

glmf ov`lè ckigs Xjfl ~klcfs ic gku is ln /okmf` o| ief/

Ulxj xjf faim iokvx rkrjfc|' uf if gfh ieil` xk ck`slhf

xjf fgixlk`sjlr ofxuff` xjf icxlk`s kn xjf Sfcfx Ckaak`!

ufigxj i`h xjf innils kn af` Uf`xt' `kxlè xjls fgixlk`sjlr lì`clf`x rkfx|' si|s xjix hvlè xjf gisx nlejx kn xjf efix jfk kn

Vgsxf' Cvcjvgil`` *ujk uis i ni~klxf kn xjf slhjf k nillfs,'

k`f kn xjfsf oflès ìafh Aklev ngfu k~f Cvcjvgil`` s jfih

is jf nkvejx l` jls ui cjilkx Slalgig|' xjf nillfs xkkm rix l`

xjf Oixxgf kn Cgk`xin *Irlg ?3' 9298,' rk~lhlè ujix ukvgh of

ciggfh' l` akhf` alglxi| gièvief' /il svrrkx/ nk xjf Llsj

slhf Ofnkf xjf oixxgf' i nil|!ukai` ciaf xk Hv`giè K%Jixl!

ei` i`h ofeefh jla `kx xk nlejx= sjf m`fu xjf lssvf ckvgh k`g| of

hfixj *i`h jff uf nl`h xjf rkrjfxlc rkufs kn nillfs ieil` ,

glf issvfh jf xjix jf uis fih| xk hlf nk Lfgi`h Xjf xuk

ialfs afx `fi Hvogl`4Lx ulgg of k`f kn xjf uk`hfs kn xjf hi| kn dvheaf`x xk fgixf

xjf hfsclrxlk` kn xjls xfaf`hkvs k`sfx Xjff iksf i ulgh' la!rfxvkvs' rfclrlxixf' aih' l`fzkiogf' nvlkvs' him' gicfixlè' af!clgfss' ckaoixl~f' ck`xf`xlkvs Oiho ujlcj uis sjlfmlè i`h ngvxxf!lè k~f xjfl jfihs I`h xjff iksf igsk xjf six|s i`h srlxfs i`h hfsxk|lè hfak`s kn xjf il i`h nlaiaf`x' i`h xjf hfak`licrji`xka jksx96

Xjls ls k`g| k`f kn ai`| fnff`cfs xk xjf ng|lè jksxs kn xjf

nillfs Uf sjigg ji~f kccislk` xk sxvh| xjfa akf cgksfg| l` i

gixf cjirxf' Ovx' nlsx' gfx vs fxv` xk VNK%s

Ci` uf sxvh| akhf` VNK frkxs ulxjkvx fkrf`lè xjf

f`xlf rkogfa kn irrilxlk`s; Xk aksx VNK ulxfs' xjf i`suf

ls |fs V`lhf`xlnlfh ng|lè kodfcxs' xjf| ievf' gfi~f rj|slcig

xicfs i`h ofji~f glmf sricf rkofs Lx ls ko~lkvs xk xjfa xjix

VNK%s if sclf`xlnlc hf~lcfs ji~lè `kxjlè xk hk ulxj xjf

a|sxlck!cglelkvs ck`xfzx kn afhlf~ig irrilxlk`s' i`h `kxjlè xk

hk ulxj xjf cfixvfs sxvhlfh o| Mlm' sl`cfis uf ji~f dvsx sff`

xjfsf gixxf ckvgh irrfi i`h ~i`lsj ix ulgg

Xjls ~lfu ls `k gkèf xfìogf Xjf frkxs kn fcf`x kosf~i!

xlk`s hk hfsclof kodfcxs xjix irrfi i`h ~i`lsj Lx ls dvsx xjix

>: XJF SFC_FX CKAAK@UFIGXJ >


40/200

>: RISSRK_X XK AIEK@LI XJF SFC_FX CKAAK@UFIGXJ > ovx l`

xjf him gi`fs kn i Gk`hk` svovo' l` @k~faof' 9:35 Glmf Xjf

Akxjai` kn Rkl`x Rgfisi`x' xjf a|sxflkvs ng|lè ai` kn Gk`hk`

uis le`kfh o| ivxjklxlfs is gkè is rksslogf Nlìgg|' i fslhf`x

kn Rccmjia ukxf i gfxxf xk xjf Gkh Ai|k' i`h xjf cf`sksjlr

ckvgh `k gkèf of ail`xil`fh @lejxg|' jksf rixkgs sficjfh

xjf ckv`x|slhf= Ihalig Ckhlèxk` sfx vr i fuih nv`h *sxlgg

v`cgilafh' o| xjf ui|, I`h D ^|`c' l` i faimiogf ixlcgf

iokvx xjf a|sxf|'?< l`nkas vs xjix f~f` /Xjf kgh Hvmf kn

Ufgglèxk` jlasfgn sfx jkgsxfs ix jls sihhgf oku i`h khf kvx

inxf him l` sficj kn Srlèjffg Dicm/

K` Nfovi| ?2' 9:3:' i elg kn flejxff`' Di`f Igskr' kn Kgh

Nkh' `fi Oku' Gk`hk`' jfih i ~lkgf`x lèlè kn xjf nk`x!

hkk ofgg Eklè kvx' sjf nicfh xjf /aksx jlhfkvs irrfii`cf/ kn

Srlèjffg Dicm Jf ukf sjl`lè eiaf`xs i`h i ngisjlè giar

k` jls cjfsx Jls f|fs fsfaogfh egkulè oiggs kn nlf) Ujf` Alss

Igskr vxxffh i c|' xjf l`xvhf eioofh jf ia l` cgiuglmf

nlèfs' ovx xj f elg%s slsxf vsjfh xk jf fscvf Xjf ~lslxk srvxfh

i nlf| eis l` Di`f%s nicf' i`h sjf hkrrfh v`ck`sclkvs Xjf`

Dicm ngfh' hkrrlè jls cgkim' ujlcj uis rlcmfh vr ix k`cf o|

i`kxjf sjihku ujk i` inxf jla

Xuk hi|s figlf' xjkvej `kx f~figfh v`xlg inxf xjf Kgh Nkhl`clhf`x jih aihf jfihgl`fs' i Alss Scigfs' kn Glafjkvsf' uisuigmlè xjkvej Eff` Hiek` Iggf| Xjf iggf| uis i hla!glx ris!

:2 RISSRK_X XK AIEK@LI XJF SFC_FX CKAAK@UFIGXJ :9


46/200

:2 RISSRK_X XK AIEK@LI

sief ofslhf i rvoglc jkvsf' i`h ujf` sjf siu i xigg nlevf gvmlèl` xjf sjihkus Alss Scigfs jfslxixfh' uilxlè nk jf slsxf ujk jihniggf` ofjl`h

Xjf slsxf' ujk hfsclofh xjf gklxff is /xigg' xjl` i`h *si~f xjfaim, ef`xgfai`g|'/ ciaf vr l` xlaf xk sff jls gkè cgkim xjkuìslhf' i`h i gi`xf` ngisjlè k` xjf sxixgfh elg Xjff uis `k xlafxk scfia= Dicm%s uflh ogvf ngiaf srvxfh l`xk jls ~lcxla%s nicf

i`h sjf hkrrfh xk xjf ekv`h l` i hffr sukk` Ujffvrk`' Dicmuigmfh iui| cigag|

^|`f sveefsxs xjix Dicm jih i f`hft~kvs l` Eff` HiekÌggf| i`h ui`xfh xk efx lh kn ulx`fssfs I uffm inxf xjf Kgh

Nkh l`clhf`x' jf m`kcmfh k` xjf hkk kn A Isjukxj%s jkvsfl` Xv`f Sxffx i`h l`yvlfh nk jla Xjf sf~i`x ujk krf`fh

xjf hkk scfiafh xjf rgicf hku` Dicm ngfh Jf uis `f~f sffìeil`' l` xjf Gk`hk` `flejokjkkh ix gfisx Jih i ck`xicx off`

aihf; Lx ls sxièf l`hffh' is ^|`f faims' xjix SrlèjffgDicm sjkvgh ji~f rilh xuk ~lslxs ulxjl` xuk hi|s xk jkvsfs gfssxji` i algf irix' ujksf ku`fs uff ìafh Igskr i`h Isjukxj'

fsrfcxl~fg| Xuk kn xjf ail` ulx`fssfs' is l` Ufsx ^lel`li' uff|kvè elgs Ulxj xjfa' l` xjf xuk cisfs' uff xjfl slsxfs Xjff

sffas xk of i rixxf` jff Ovx' ixjf x|rlcigg|' lx ls k`cf ieilì` iosvh k`f

L` 9:55' ufilè xlejx eiaf`xs i`h sjl`lè jfgafx' Dicm uissff` ieil` ix Ighfsjkx' Jiarsjlf' Fègi`h K` xjix kccislk`jf ngfu iok~f xuk sf`xlfs' ujk nlfh ix jla Jf i`suffh ulxj i

ovsx kn ogvf nlf' ujlcj gfnx xjfa sxv``fh' i`h ~i`lsjfh' ^|`fofglf~fs xjix Dicm uis ieil` xk ogiaf nk xjf scif l` gixf Ivevsx'

9


47/200

3?

|fggku!eff` Xjf sml` ikv`h xjfl f|fs nkafh lès ixjf xji`

f|fglhsIs Dkji``ls ak~fh' k`f kn xjf oflès xkvcjfh jls ofgx Ix k`cf'

nka xjf cf`xf kn xjf ofgx skafxjlè glmf i i| i`h i rvnn kn~irk uff falxxfh Dkji``ls fzrflf`cfh skafxjlè glmf i` fgfc!

xlcig hlscjief i`h nkv`h jlasfgn k` xjf ekv`h' jfgrgfss i`h

~f| ufim Lx xkkm igg jls f`fe| xk xv` jls jfih ikv`h i`hkosf~f xjf xuk oflès is xjf| uigmfh iui| I akaf`x gixf xjf|

uff ek`fL` 96 i cisf ~f| slalgi xk Dkji``ls%s uis frkxfh xk xjf

VS Il Nkcf' i`h uf xlfh l` ~il` xk efx i` icxl~f l`~fsxleixlk`

kn lx o| Rkdfcx Ogvf Okkm Nlìgg| xjf cisf uis /gfimfh'/ ix a|

sveefsxlk`' xk i cl~lgli` ekvr' ujlcj ck`hvcxfh i srffh| i`h

cifnvg sxvh| kn xjf xfsxlak`| el~f` o| xjf k`g| ulx`fss' i A S

Xjf hfxilgs kn xjf xfsxlak`| ic i~ilgiogf l` i` fzcfggf`x okkm o|

xjf gfihfs kn xjf cl~lgli` ekvr' xjf Gkf`tf`s'ig sk L `ffh `kx

hlscvss igg xjf clcvasxi`cfs kn xjf kosf~ixlk` Skaf faims

ck`cf`lè xjf cisf *ciggfh o| xjf Gkf`tf`s xjf /aksx srfc!xicvgi frkx uf ji~f fzial`fh/, if fgf~i x l` xjf rfsf`x

ck`xfzx' jkuf~f

Xjf l`clhf`x xkkm rgicf k` Sfrxfaof 8' 98' l` xjf akv`!xil`s kn `kxjf` Ciglnk`li' iokvx flejx algfs nka Clsck Ek~f

A S jih off` jv`xlè ujf` jf ofciaf sfriixfh nka xjfrix| i`h gksx jls ui| @lejx uis nigglè' sk jf glejxfh skaf nlfs

xk cigg ixxf`xlk` xk jls rkslxlk`Skk` glf kosf~fh i glejx l` xjf sm|' ujlcj jf xjkvejx uis i

jfglckrxf gkkmlè nk jla Ujf` lx sxkrrfh i`h jk~ffh slgf`xg|`fio|' jkuf~f' jf figltfh lx uis i` v`vsvig kodfcx i`h cglaofh

i gief xff xk kosf~f xjf slxvixlk` nka xjix ~i`xief rkl`x Xjfglejx clcgfh xjf xff S siu i ngisj i`h i him kodfcx nigglè xk

xjf ekv`h @fzx jf `kxlcfh k`f nlevf cisjlè xjkvej xjfukkhs ofgku jla i`h i`kxjf ak~lè l` nka i sglejxg| hlnnff`x

hlfcxlk` Okxj nlevfs irrkicjfh xjf xff i`h gkkmfh ix jlaXjf| uff i glxxgf k~f nl~f nffx xigg' xjf ulx`fss fsxlaixfs' i`h

cgkxjfh l` i slg~f| v`lnka xjix ck~ffh xjfl jfihs I xjlhcfixvf irrfifh gixf' ofji~lè akf glmf i afcji`lcig oflè

xji` i` i`laig k i ai`' Lx uis himf i`h jih xuk fhhlsj!

kièf /f|fs/ Lx jih `k akvxj' ovx ixjf i sglxglmc krf`lè

xjix ukvgh /hkr/ krf` glmf i` k~f` hkk

Nk xjf fsx kn xjf xlaf S uis ck`sclkvs' xjf f`xlxlfs vsfh i

~ilfx| kn afi`s xk x| xk efx jla xk nigg nka jls xff Jf ai`!

iefh xk mffr xjfa iui| o| xjkulè glejxfh olxs kn rirf i`h

cgkxjlè ix xjfa' xk ujlcj xjf| ficxfh l` nfi Xjf ail` ufirk`

vsfh ieil`sx jla uis i ~f| cvlkvs k`f Ln uf ic xk ofglf~f xjlsfrkx' xjf /kokx!glmf/ f`xlx| ukvgh gfx lxs gkuf /diu/ hkr' xjf`

rgicf lxs /ji`h/ l`slhf xjf fcxièvgi ci~lx| xjvs f~figfh' i`h

falx i rvnn kn sakmf l` S%s hlfcxlk` Xjf sakmf ukvgh srfih

glmf i alsx' i`h vrk` ficjlè jla' lx ukvgh aimf jla gksf ck`!

sclkvs`fss nk i cfxil` xlaf Xjf fnnfcx kn lx uis ckariiogf xk

oflè svhhf`g| hfrl~fh kn kz|ef`' S silh

Lx ls jih xk ofglf~f xjf sxk|4 Ukvgh `kx svcj oflès is jf

hfsclofs of iogf xk cglao i xff; Ln xjf| ciaf kvx kn i ng|lè

sivcf' uj| ckvgh xjf| `kx ng| vr xk jls fnvef; Ovx lx ls fyvigg|

hlnnlcvgx xk rk~f xjix jf slarg| jih i `lejxaif Xjf ulx`fss ls

`kx el~f` xk svcj ofji~lk' i`h ujf` jf ukmf vr ix hiu`' sxlgg

xlfh xk xjf xff ulxj jls ofgx' igg xjf kodfcxs jf jih hkrrfh l`

i` fnnkx xk efx lh kn xjf l`xvhfs uff sxlgg g|lè ikv`h Nv!

xjfakf' xjff ls xjf hfsclrxlk` kn xjf sxièf' rkufnvg eis'

ujlcj rgi|s svcj i` larkxi`x kgf l` xjf sxk|' is lx hkfs l` xjf

l`clhf`xs fgixfh xk Srlèjffg Dicm' xjf Dkji``ls slejxlè' i`h

xjf Sk``| Hfs~fefs cisf kn Ivevsx' 9


48/200

l`~fsxleixlk` o| i ck`nff`cf ulxj Cirxil` Ck`f|' Ulè L`xfg!

glef`cf KFcf ulxj xjf 9525xj Il Oisf Ulè' k` xjf ak`lè

kn Sfrxfaof RISSRK_X XK AICK@LI


49/200

nglejx nka i`kxjf srkx I xjlh ekvr kn l`hfrf`hf`x ulx`fssfs

l` i`kxjf xku`' Si`sk`!gi!Rkxflc' siu xjf cinx ng| iui| ix xf!af`hkvs srffh' l` i ufsxfg| hlfcxlk` Xjf ckv`x|slhf uislggval`ixfh k~f i` ifi k`f xk xuk algfs ulhf

Lx ls l`hffh irrkrlixf xk xfgg xjf ai` ujk l`~fsxleixfs svcjcisfs *l` xjf ukhs kn _kofx Jclcm,4

Jf f|fs xjf EgkuI^kaf gf`h xjff'Xjf Sjkkxl`e Sxifs ixxf`h xjff=

I`h xjf Fg~fs igsk'Ujksf glxxgf f|fs egku

Glmf xjf srims kn nlf' ofnlf`h xjff

:> RISSRK_X XK AIEK@LI


50/200

nglejx nka i`kxjf srkx I xjlh ekvr kn l`hfrf`hf`x ulx`fssfs

l` i`kxjf xku`' Si`skl~gipRkxflf5 siu xjf cinx ng| iui| ix xf!

af`hkvs srffh' l` i ufsxfg| hlfcxlk` Xjf ckv`x|slhf uis

lggval`ixfh k~f i` ifi k`f xk xuk algfs ulhf

Lx ls l`hffh irrkrlixf xk xfgg xjf ai` ujk l`~fsxleixfs svcj

cisfs *l` xjf ukhs kn _kofx Jflcm,4

Jf f|fs xjf Egku!ukaf gf`h xjff'Xjf Sjkkxl`e Sxifs ixxf`h xjff=

I`h xjf Fg~fs igsk'

Ujksf glxxgf f|fs egku

Glmf xjf srims kn nlf' ofnlf`h xjff

CLL+V%XM_ 9%KLLM

XK AIEK@LI I@H OICM)


51/200

XK AIEK@LI I@H OICM)

Xjf al`h kn i rfsk` ckal`e kvx kn Nil|!

Gi`h ls vsvigg| ogi`m is xk ujix jis off`

sff` i`h hk`f xjffUigxf Uf`xt' Xjf Nil|!Nilxj l`

Cfgxlc Ckv`xlfs

XJF AL@H kn Rl~ixf Nlsx Cgiss Ef| Lul` uis ogi`m ujf` jf

ukmf vr k` Aicj ?' 9


52/200

Jf jih ficjfh Cfhi Clx|' Vxij' i`h xv`fh skvxjfisx k` _kvxf98 ujf` jf kosf~fh i` v`vsvig rjf`kaf`k`' slz algfs inxf xjf

xv`knn Xjf gi`hscirf olejxf`fh' i`h i egkulè kodfcx ckssfh

xjf sm| nka lejx xk gfnx Lul` sxkrrfh xjf ci i`h ekx kvx Jfjih xlaf xk uixcj xjf kodfcx is lx ck`xl`vfh l` i` fisxfg| hlfc!

xlk` v`xlg jlhhf` nka ~lfu o| i lhef

Xjf ulx`fss hfclhfh xjix jf alejx ji~f sff` i` ilgl`f k` nlfixxfarxlè i nkcfh gi`hlè' l` ujlcj cisf xjff uis `k xlaf xk

gksf Ck`sfyvf`xg|' l`sxfih kn fsvalè jls dkv`f|' Lul` ukxfi `kxf */Ji~f ek`f xk l`~fsxleixf rksslogf rgi`f cisj Rgfisf

cigg giu f`nkcfaf`x knnlcfs/, i`h rgicfh lx k` xjf sxfflèujffg kn jls ci Vslè sjkf rkglsj' jf ukxf SXKR k` xjf slhf

kn jls ci' xk aimf svf rfkrgf ukvgh nl`h jls `kxf' i`h xjf`

sxixfh kvx k` nkkx

Irrkzlaixfg| xjlx| al`vxfs gixf' i nlsj i`h eiaf l`srfcxkhlh sxkr Jf xkkm xjf `kxf xk xjf Cfhi Clx| sjflnn' Kxxk Rnlfn'

ujk eixjffh i rix| kn ~kgv xffs i`h fxv`fh xk xjf slxf @l`fx|al`vxfs inxf jf jih slejxfh xjf sxièf /kodfcx'/ Ef| Lul`

uis hlsck~ffh v`ck`sclkvs i`h ximf` xk xjf jksrlxig @k xicfkn i` ilrgi`f cisj uis nkv`h

Ix xjf jksrlxig' H Okihof`x kosf~fh xjix Lul`%s xfarfi!xvf i`h fsrlixlk` uff `kaig Jf sffafh affg| xk of isgffr'

ovx jf ckvgh `kx of iuimf`fh H Okihof`x hlie`ksfh j|sxfliXjf`' ujf` Lul` hlh uimf vr' jf nfgx /nl`f/ igxjkvej jf uis

sxlgg rvttgfh o| xjf kodfcx jf jih sff` Jf uis igsk rvttgfh o| xjf

hlsirrfii`cf kn jls dicmfx4 jf uis issvfh xjix jf uis `kx ufi!lè lx ujf` jf uis nkv`h o| xjf sficj rix| Lul` uis ngku`

oicm xk Nkx Oglss i`h rgicfh v`hf kosf~ixlk` ix Ulgglia Ofiv!ak`x Ia| Jksrlxig nk nkv hi|s' inxf ujlcj rflkh jf fxv`fh

xk hvx| Jls sfcvlx| cgfii`cf' jkuf~f' uis f~kmfhSf~fig hi|s gixf' Lul` nil`xfh ujlgf uigmlè l` xjf ciar'

ovx jf fck~ffh irlhg| Sf~fig hi|s inxfuih' k` Sv`hi|'

Aicj 96' jf nil`xfh ieil` l` i` Fg Risk sxffx i`h uis ximf` xk

Skvxjufsx Ef`fig Jksrlxig Xjff jls rj|slcig ck`hlxlk` uisnkv`h slalgi xk xjix kosf~fh l` Cfhi Clx| Jf ukmf vr iokvx

?422 IA k` Ak`hi| i`h ismfh4 /Uff xjff i`| sv~l~ks;/Jf uis xkgh xjix xjf hixf uis `kx Nfovi| ?: ovx Aicj 9>

K`cf akf' jf uis ximf` xk Ulgglia Ofivak`x Jksrlxig i`h

rgicfh v`hf kosf~ixlk` o| rs|cjlixlsxs Jf fail`fh xjff k~f

k`f ak`xj Gkf`tf` frkxs xjix' icckhlè xk i Cirxil` îgf`!xl`f' xjf fsvgxs kn xjf xfsxs l`hlcixfh xjix jf uis `kaig Jf uis

hlscjiefh k` Irlg 95

Xjf `fzx hi|' nkggkulè i` v`lhf`xlnliogf ovx ~f| rkufnvgvef' jf gfnx xjf nkx ulxjkvx gfi~f' civejx i ovs l` Fg Risk' il~fh

l` Cfhi Clx| Sv`hi| inxf`kk` *Irlg 99' l` xjf nlgfs kn xjf 922xj Okao Ulè'

Sxixfelc Il Ckaai`h' Rfisf Il Nkcf Oisf' @fu Jiarsjlf'uis rfrifh o| Aidk Rivg U Jf`hfsk` Xjf k`g| knnlclig


53/200

hkcvaf`x ck`cf`lè xjf Jlgg cisf' lx irrif`xg| jis `f~f of!nkf off` rvoglsjfh \fx lx ck`xil`s i hfxilg kn ujlcj okxj H

Slak` i`h Dkj` Nvggf uff vìuif4 xjf kodfcx sff` o| xjfJlggs jih off` hfxfcxfh o| algl xi| ihi4

Hvlè i cisvig ck`~fsixlk` k` ?? Sfrx >9 ofxuff` AidkEihl`f O _f|`kghs' 922xj O U HC29 i`h Cirxil` _kofx KHivejihi|' Ckaai`hf 9

L` xjf frkx lxsfgn' v`hf Riieirj F4 Gkcixlk` i`h Hfxilgs'

uf fih Ofxx| Jlgg%s icckv`x kn xjf slejxlè is frkxfh o| Rfisf

Il Nkcf Oisf knnlcligs4

Xjf kosf~fs uff xi~fglè o| ci l` i skvxjfg| hlfcxlk` k`_kvxf 3 skvxj kn Gl`ckg`' @J' ujf` xjf| `kxlcfh i olejxg| glejxfhkodfcx ijfih kn xjfl ci ix i` iègf kn fgf~ixlk` kn irrkzlaixfg|86 Lx irrfifh sxièf xk xjfa ofcivsf kn lxs sjirf i`h xjf l`!xf`slx| kn lxs glejxs ckarifh xk xjf sxis l` xjf sm| Ufixjf i`hsm| uff cgfi Xjf| ck`xl`vfh xk kosf~f xjf kodfcx nka xjflak~lè ci nk i nfu al`vxfs xjf` sxkrrfh Inxf sxkrrlè xjf cixjf| vsfh ol`kcvgis ix xlafs

Xjf| frkx xjix xjf kodfcx uis xi~fglè `kxj ~f| nisx Xjf|frkx lx cjièfh hlfcxlk`s ixjf iovrxg| i`h xjf` ofihfh SkvxjSjkxg| xjffinxf lx sxkrrfh i`h jk~ffh l` xjf il Xjff uis `kskv`h f~lhf`x vr xk xjls xlaf Okxj kosf~fs vsfh xjf ol`kcvgisix xjls rkl`x Ujlgf jk~flè' kodfcxs ofei` xk irrfi nka xjf okh|kn xjf /kodfcx/ ujlcj xjf| hfsclof is gkkmlè glmf ulès ujlcjaihf i ^ sjirf xjf` fzxf`hfh Xjf /ulès/ jih fh glejxs k` xjfxlrs Ix xjls rkl`x xjf| kosf~fh lx xk irrfi xk sukkr hku` l` xjfef`fig hlfcxlk` kn xjfl ivxk Xjf kodfcx ck`xl`vfh xk hfscf`hv`xlg lx irrfifh xk of k`g| i aixxf kn /jv`hfhs kn nffx/ iok~fxjfl ci Ix xjls rkl`x xjf| hfclhfh xk efx kvx kn xjix ifi' i`h nisx

A Jlgg uis hl~lè i`h As Jlgg uixcjfh xjf kodfcx o| sxlcmlèjf jfih kvx kn xjf ul`hku Lx hfrixfh l` i ef`figg| @kxj!ufsxfg| hlfcxlk` ovx As Jlgg uis rf~f`xfh nka kosf~lè lxsnvgg hfrixvf o| jf rkslxlk` l` xjf ci

Xjf| frkx xjix ujlgf xjf kodfcx uis iok~f xjfa inxf lx jih/sukkrfh hku`/ xjf| jfih i sflfs kn sjkx gkvh /ovttfs/ ujlcjxjf| hfsclofh is skv`hlè glmf skafk`f jih hkrrfh i xv`lè nkmXjf| frkx xjix xjf| ckvgh nffg xjfsf ovttlè skv`hs l` xjfl ivxk@k nvxjf ~lsvig kosf~ixlk`s uff aihf kn xjls kodfcx Xjf| ck`!xl`vfh k` xjfl xlr i`h ujf` xjf| il~fh l` xjf ~lcl`lx| kn Isj!gi`h' @J' iokvx xjlx| algfs nka Gl`ckg`' xjf| ieil` jfih xjf/ovttlè/ skv`h kn xjf /kodfcx/= jkuf~f' xjf| hlh `kx sfc lx ixxjls xlaf

As Jlgg frkxfh xjf nglejx rixxf` kn xjf /kodfcx/ xk of fixlc'cjièfh hlfcxlk`s irlhg|' xjix hvlè lxs nglejx lx iscf`hfh i`hhfscf`hfh `vafkvs xlafs ~f| irlhg| Lxs nglejx uis hfsclofh isdfm| i`h `kx sakkxj

A JlgQ ls i Cl~lg Sf~lcf fargk|ff l` xjf Oksxk` Rksx Knnlcfi`h hkfs`%x rkssfss i`| xfcj`lcig k sclf`xlnlc xil`lè @flxjf hkcsjls ulnf

Hvlè i gixf ck`~fsixlk` ulxj A Jlgg' jf ~kgv`xfffh xjf ko!

sf~ixlk` xjix jf hlh `kx klelìgg| l`xf`h xk frkx xjls l`clhf`xovx lìsavcj is jf i`h jls ulnf hlh l` nicx sff xjls kccvf`cf jfhfclhfh xk frkx lx glf si|s xjix k` gkkmlè oicm jf nffgs xjix xjfujkgf xjlè ls l`cfhlogf i`h jf nffgs skafujix nkkglsjjf dvsxci``kx ofglf~f xjix svcj i xjlè ckvgh k hlh jirrf` Jf si|s' k`xjf kxjf ji`h' xjix xjf| okxj siu ujix xjf| frkxfh i`h xjlsnicx el~fs lx skaf hfeff kn figlx|

L`nkaixlk` ck`xil`fh jffl` uis ckggfcxfh o| afi`s kn xfgf!rjk`f ck`~fsixlk` ofxuff` xjf kosf~fs i`h xjf rfrilè l`hl!~lhvig Xjf fgliolglx| kn xjf kosf~f ci``kx of dvhefh i`h ujlgfjls irrif`x jk`fsx| i`h sflkvs`fss irrfis xk of ~iglh lx ci``kxof dvhefh ix xjls xlaf

Xjls frkx ls faimiogf nk ujix lx hkfs `kx ck`xil` L` xjlsfsrfcx' lx ls rkoiog| x|rlcig kn i gief cgiss kn Il Nkcf fckhs

*aksx kn xjksf l`~kg~lè cgksf rkzlalx| xk i VNK , ujff flxjf

ulx`fss fgvcxi`cf k gicm kn ihfyvixf nkggku!vr fglalìxfh xjf

aksx sle`lnlci`x l`nkaixlk` L` xjf rfsf`x cisf' xjf ulx`fssfs

nilgfh xk el~f xjf Il Nkcf i`| l`nkaixlk` is xk xjf oflès xjf|

ckvgh sff iokih xjf cinx hvlè xjfl kosf~ixlk` ulxj ol`kcv!

gis I`h rkrf l`~fsxleixlk` ukvgh ji~f hlscgksfh i` fgfaf`x

Kn ujlcj xjf| uff `kx laafhlixfg| iuif4 xjf| ckvgh `kx ic!


54/200

ckv`x nk i xlaf eir kn xuk jkvs ofxuff` xjf xuk rflkhs kn

ovttlè skv`hs L` nicx' xjf| ckvgh `kx fcigg jku xjf| jih hl~f`xjf xjlx|!nl~f algfs ofxuff` L`hli` Jfih i`h Isjgi`h sk cisvigg|

af`xlk`fh l` xjf Il Nkcf frkx

Ujix jirrf`fh inxf xjfl sxk| ofciaf m`ku` ls ufgg hkcv!

af`xfh l` Dkj` Nvggf%s okkm Okxj ulx`fssfs jih i sclfs knsxièf `lejxaifs Xjf hfias gfh xjfa xk sff i rs|cjlixlsx

ujk vsfh j|r`ksls xk hlsck~f xjf kkx kn xjf rkogfa' i`h lx uisk`g| xjf` nkv`h xjix xjf klel` kn xjf `lejxaifs ckvgh of xicfh

xk xjksf alsslè xuk jkvs V`hf sfriixf j|r`ksls' Ofxx| i`hOi`f| Jlgg silh xjf| jih off` ximf` o| xjf sxièf oflès l`xk

xjf VNK

L ji~f off` rl~lgfefh xk jfi xjf rkxlk` kn xjf xirfs ck~flèxjf /iohvcxlk`/ kn Ofxx| i`h Oi`f| Jlgg Nvxjf hlscvsslk`

ulxj xjf ulx`fssfs' i`h ulxj H Slak` i`h Dkj` Nvggf' gfihs afxk feih xjf cisf' `kx is i` l`hl~lhvig f~f`x xk of l`~fsxleixfh

i`h xfixfh is svcj' ovx' k` xjf ck`xi|' is i` l`hlcixlk` kn ief`fig rixxf` xjix ci``kx of sfriixfh nka xjf xkxig rjf!

`kaf`k`Nlsx' lx ls l`xffsxlè xk `kxf xjix' is nvxjf hfxilgs ciaf xk

xjf Jlggs% afaklfs inxf xfixaf`x' xjf cisf xkkm k` akf kn xjf

nfixvfs rfsf`x l` kxjf VNK gi`hlès' kn ujlcj xjf Jlggs ckvgh`kx ji~f jfih K`f svcj hfxilg ls xjf fckggfcxlk` o| Ofxx| Jlgg

xjix' inxf xjfl ci uis sxkrrfh i`h i ekvr kn /af`/ jih ckafxkuih xjfa' xjf cfixvfs jih krf`fh xjf hkk kn xjf ~fjlcgf

i`h rkl`xfh i saigg hf~lcf ix jf Ujf` L ismfh jf xk ujix vsvigkodfcx sjf ckvgh ckarif lx' sjf xkgh af' /Lx ckvgh ji~f off`

i rf`clg/

Lx ls `kx `fcfssi| xk frfix xjf hfsclrxlk`s el~f` o| xjf Jlggs

kn xjf ai``f l` ujlcj xjf| uff iohvcxfh k kn xjf ck`hlxlk`sl`slhf xjf kodfcx Lx ls f`kvej xk si| xjix xjf sxixfaf`xs aihfv`hf j|r`ksls o| Ofxx| i`h Oi`f| if l` ef`fig ieffaf`x

I`h lx ls igsk vsfnvg xk sxvh| xjf hfxilgfh icckv`xs kn xjf f`xlxlfsel~f` o| xjf ulx`fssfs4

Ofxx| sxixfs4

Aksx kn xjf af` if a| jflejx @k`f ls is xigg is Oi`f|'sk L ukvgh dvhef hlfa xk of 6% xk 6%8/ Xjfl cjfsxs if gief xji`kvs= xjfl `ksfs uff gief ]gkèfQ xji` xjf i~fief sltf igxjkvej

L ji~f sff` rfkrgf ulxj `ksfs glmf xjfls glmf Dlaa| Hvi`xf Xjflckargfzlk`s uff kn i ei| xk`f= glmf i ei| ril`x ulxj i ogicm oisf=xjfl glrs uff kn i ogvlsj xl`x Jil i`h f|fs uff ~f| him' rksslog|ogicm ;

L` i sf`sf' xjf| gkkmfh glmf akèkgklhs Xjls skx kn kv`hnicf i`h okih nkfjfih' igkè ulxj i cfxil` x|rf kn ckisf`fssXjf svnicf kn xjfl sml` sffafh xk of i ogvlsj ei|' ovx rkoiog|ujlxf xji` xjix Xjfl f|fs ak~fh' i`h xjf| jih rvrlgs Skafjku'

L jih xjf nffglè xjf| uff akf glmf cixs% f|fs8

Oi`f|' k` xjf kxjf ji`h' si|s xjls4

Xjf af` jih ixjf khh!sjirfh jfihs' ulxj i gief ci`lva' hl!al`lsjlè l` sltf is lx ekx xkuih xjf cjl` I`h xjf f|fs ck`xl`vfhikv`h xk xjf slhfs kn xjfl jfihs' sk xjix lx irrfifh xjix xjf| ckvghsff sf~fig hfeffs of|k`h xjf gixfig fzxf`x kn kv ~lslk` Xjls uissxixglè xk af ]Xjf akvxjQ uis avcj glmf ujf` |kv hiuk`f jkltk`xig gl`f ulxj i sjkx rfrf`hlcvgi gl`f k` ficj f`h Xjlsjkltk`xig gl`f ukvgh frfsf`x xjf glrs ulxjkvx xjf avscgf xjix ufji~f I`h lx ukvgh rix sglejxg| is xjf| aihf xjls avavavaalèskv`h Xjf xfzxvf kn xjf sml`' is L fafaof lx nka xjls yvlcmegi`cf' uis ei|lsj' igaksx afxigglc gkkmlè L hlh`%x `kxlcf i`| jil

k jfihefi nk xjix aixxf L hlh`%x `kxlcf i`| rkokscls' xjffdvsx sffafh xk of xuk sglxs xji x frfsf`xfh xjf `ksxlgs:

Xjff if skaf ko~lkvs ck`xihlcxlk`s ofxuff` xjf xuk hf!

sclrxlk`s Ofxx| srfims kn ~f| him jil= Oi`f| hlh `kx `kxlcfi`| Xjf af` hfsclofh o| Oi`f| hk `kx fzicxg| f~kmf l` a|

al`h xjf rlcxvf kn Dlaa| Hvi`xf) K` xjf kxjf ji`h' xjfcfixvfs if sxlmlèg| fal`lscf`x kn xjf VNK krfixks kn i

gief `vaof kn sxklfs v`m`ku` kvxslhf i ~f| saigg ekvr knsrfcliglsxs

Irix nka hlsieffaf`x k` xjf `ksf i`h glrs' Ofxx|%s sxixf!af`x aixcjfs xjf hfsclrxlk` aihf o| Oi`f| kn xjf sjirf kn

xjf jfih i`h xjf ckgk i`h irrfii`cf kn xjf sml` I`kxjf f!aim o| Ofxx| ls sle`lnlci x l` xjls fsrfcx4 /L ekx xjf larfsslk`

xjix xjf gfihf i`h xjf fzial`f uff hlnnff`x nka xjf cfuafaofs Ovx xjls ls jih xk si|' ofcivsf L figg| hlh`%x ui`x xk

gkkm ix xjf af`/3

Xuk kxjf fgfaf`xs if kvxsxi`hlè l` xjls cisf K`f kn xjfals xjf ai``f kn ckaav`lcixlk` ulxj xjf sxièf oflès Xjf|

ckaav`lcixfh iakè xjfasfg~fs xjkvej i` ivhlogf gièvief'ujlcj uis hfnl`lxfg| `kx v`hfsxi`hiogf xk xjf ulx`fssfs \fx


55/200

ujf` xjf| ckaav`lcixfh ulxj xjf Jlggs' xjfl xjkvejxs ciaf

xjkvej l` Fèglsj Ofxx| xjl`ms xjix xjf| srkmf Fèglsj /ulxj

i` iccf`x'/ ujlgf Oi`f| nffgs xjix xjf ukhs i`h xjf rfsf`cf

kn xjf f`xlx| uff xuk sfriixf xjlès4

L hlh `kx jfi i` icxvig ~klcf Ovx l` a| al`h' L m`fu ujix jfuis si|lè Lx uis`%x is ln jf uff xigmlè xk af ulxj a| f|fs krf`'

i`h jf uis slxxlè ickss xjf kka nka af Lx uis akf is ln xjfukhs uff xjff' i rix kn af' i`h jf uis kvxslhf xjf icxvig cfi!xlk` kn xjf ukhs xjfasfg~fs5

Xjls ~f| faimiogf sxixfaf`x' i` fzcfggf`x hfsclrxlk` kn

xjf afcji`lsa xjix xleeffh xjf ckaav`lcixlk`' ai| ufgg ofi cgvf xk xjf f`xlf frlskhf' i`h lx cfxil`g| rgicfs xjf cisf l` xjf

hkail` kn xjf Xjfk| kn Irrilxlk`sis lx ls xfixfh' nk l`!sxi`cf' o| X|fgg l` jls cfgfoixfh 9


56/200

rglfh xk a| nicf ulxj ~lkgf`cf i`h syvfftfh a| jfih' is i olh knrf| vsjfs k` lxs v`nkxvìxf' jfgrgfss ~lcxla Xjf| rvggfh a|jfih oicm ieil`sx i ~f| jih cjfsxk`f xjix sffafh xk of aihfkn lk`= L nfgx xjf ckgh xjkvej a| jil i`h ofjl`h a| `fcm' ovx `kck`xicx ulxj cgkxjfs Xjf ji`hs uff syvfftlè a| jfih glmf inkalhiogf ~lcf' `kx iovrxg|' ovx eihvigg| Xjf| uff ~f| ckgh'i`h xjfl xkvcj aihf af xjl`m xjix xjf| uff `kx aihf kn ngfsjXjf ole nlèfs uff rgicfh k` a| f|fs' i`h L ckvgh `kx sff i`|!

akf' k` a| `ksf sk xjix L ckvgh `kx ofixjf' i`h igsk k` a| akvxj'xk rf~f`x af nka c|lè kvx

Ujf` L uis svkv`hfh o| xjf sxkè' ogl`hlè glejx' L jih xjfnffglè L jih off` riig|tfh' i`h ujf` xjf ji`hs xkvcjfh af' L jihxjf ~f| hlsxl`cx larfsslk` kn i sxkè fgfcxlc hlscjief' is ln Ljih off` sjimf` o| i glejx`lè okgx A| ujkgf okh| uis i``ljl!gixfh' jfgrgfss' ulxjkvx fngfzfs L uis glmf i okmf` xk| ofxuff` xjfl`jvai` ji`hs kn a| v`m`ku` ieefssk Nk i glxxgf k~f i al`vxf'L nfgx jls ji`hs xlejxf`lè ~f| sxkèg| k` flxjf slhf kn a| xjkixLx uis jklog| ril`nvg Xjf` jf ofei` xk sulè af nkuih i`hoicmuih sf~fig xlafs' sxlgg nlfcfg| syvfftlè a| jfih ieil`sx jlscjfsx L jih xjf hlsxl`cx larfsslk` xjix xjls oflè ukf iak ki sxffg ciiricf' k skaf ~f| jih i`h ckgh aixflig L nfgx jls xuk

]l`~lslogfQ ias rfsslè jfi~lg| k` a| sjkvghfsLx uis ix xjix akaf`x xjix L jfih jls givej' i sxièf givej L

ckvgh `kx fzrgil`= lx uis is ln L jfih jla xjkvej skaf uixf' i`h|fx lx sffafh yvlxf cgksf' iok~f a| jfih Ix nlsx lx skv`hfh kveji`h jvsjfh' xjf` ixjf sxkè i`h kgglè Lx aihf af sjvhhf i`hjvx af Inxf i nfu sfck`hs xjf givej sxkrrfh' svhhf`g| cvx knnXjf` i m`ff jlx af l` xjf oicm' jvxlè af ~f| avcj' is ln lx uffaihf kn sxffg Xjix aihf af xjl`m a| ieefssk uis ckargfxfg|ck~ffh ulxj sxffg Xjls ogku aihf af nigg oicm' i`h xjf v`m`kuìeefssk aihf af glf hku`' sxlgg syvfftlè a| jfih ieil`sx jlscjfsx Xjf` jf hieefh af igkè xjf rixj' o| a| jfih' i`h jfsffafh l` i efix jv| L hlh `kx jfi jla ofixjf

Jf rvggfh af l`xk i ovsj nvgg kn oiaogfs i`h `fxxgfs i`h iciclis'sxlgg eklè oicmuih ix i` l`cfhlogf srffh' jkghlè a| jfih Ixxjix akaf`x L jfih jls ~klcf iok~f af' i`h lx silh4 /Xjff sjf lsUf%~f ekx jf/ Is ln jf uff xigmlè xk skafk`f fgsf' skaf iccka!rglcf ujk jih sxi|fh l`slhf xjf ovsj= xjls ~klcf' glmf xjf givej'sffafh cgksf o|' igxjkvej jvsjfh o| skaf kosxicgf' i`h lx uis sjkx'kvej' sjirg| cvx

L uis cjkmlè' i`h L nfgx L uis eklè xk hlf= L xjkvejx kn a|nialg| uilxlè nk af ix jkaf' i`h a| ujkgf glnf rissfh ofnkfaf l` i nfu sfck`hs A| ieefssk rvggfh af xjkvej xjf ovsjfsv`xlg uf ficjfh i saigg risxvf' i`h svhhf`g| jf sxkrrfh) Uj|;Lgls ji`hs jih eihvigg| sglrrfh hku` a| nicf' i`h L xlfh xk cigg

nk jfgr ovx L jih `k ~klcf gfnx ovx i xl`|' sjlgg c| Inxf i ujlgfL uis iogf xk slx iakè xjf oiaogfs L jih i ~f| jih xlaf ofixj!lè A| oie uis sxlgg l` a| ji`h' ulxj xjf ak`f| lx ck`xil`fh Ixgisx L uis iogf xk efx vr l` srlxf kn a| ufim`fss' i`h xjf` L jfihskaf `klsf xk a| gfnx l`slhf xjf ovsjfs L xjkvejx L uis eklè xksff a| ieefssks i`h fcke`ltf xjfl nicfs' ovx L siu `kxjlè) K`g|xjf oi`cjfs ak~fh' ui~lè l` xjf il= L siu i`h jfih xjf oia!ogfs scixcjlè xjf farx| sricf' i`h xjf eiss oflè rfssfh is ln

v`hf xjf sxfrs kn skaf l`~lslogf oflè L uis xflnlfh Sknxg|' L xkkmxk xjf rixj ieil`' uigmlè ulxj hlnnlcvgx| A| gfes uff gicfixfh o|xjf oiaogfs i`h ogffhlè= L nfgx i sxièf sf`sixlk` kn `f~kvsfzjivsxlk`' l`hfnlìogf' is ln L jih off` fgfcxlnlfh o| i sxkè cv!f`x L` a| akvxj uis i slcmf`lè' afxigglc' olxxf xisxf= a| avscgfshlh `kx kof| af K~f a| sjkvghfs L nfgx skafxjlè glmf i oi'i`h l` a| oicm i ril`nvg jfix' is ln L jih off` fzrksfh xk ngiafsk xk i ov`lè i| Ix xlafs L sxlgg nfgx is ln L uis oflè ovsjfho| i` l`~lslogf ovsj L avsx ji~f uigmfh glmf xjix nk nl~f k slzal`vxfs Ix xjf f`h kn xjf rixj xjff uis i xv`' i`h nka xjff Lckvgh sff jkvsfs' i`h xjf` xjf ril`s hfcfisfh i glxxgf olx

F~f|xjlè jih gisxfh i yvixf kn i` jkv k xuf`x| al`vxfs'i`h lx sffafh xjix L jih gl~fh l` i` v`fig ukgh Iovrxg| L jfih

i efix `klsf' glmf i ~lkgf`x ul`h hvlè i sxka' i svhhf` hlsrgicf!af`x kn uia il k i ~lkgf`x ujlgul`h L siu xjf xffs of`hlèis ln v`hf i svhhf` sxka' i`h L uis `fig| xjku` hku` Igaksxslavgxi`fkvsg|' xjff uis i sxkè' ogl`hlè ujlxf glejx L jih xjfnffglè skafxjlè ngfu xjkvej xjf il ~f| nisx' ovx L siu `kxjlèSkk` f~f|xjlè ofciaf ciga ieil` L nfgx hlsckankx i`h ìvsfiL ficjfh xjf jkvsf kn xjf gkcm!mffrf i`h ujf` L krf`fh xjfhkk xjf| ciaf xkuih af i`h ismfh af ujix jih jirrf`fh' of!civsf xjf| xkk jih sff` i glejx nka xjfl jkvsf Xjf gkcm!mffrf%sulnf ismfh af ujix uis ukè Ujf` L uis iogf xk srfim ix gisx'xjf| xkgh af igg xjf nlèfs uff sxlgg hffrg| aimfh l` xjf ngfsjkn a| nicf' aimlè gief fh ois Xjf| irrglfh rfkzlhf xk xjfscixcjfs k` a| gfes' i`h i` kl`xaf`x' i`h oixjfh a| nicf ulxjckgh uixf A| ji`hs uff oihg| jvx

Inxf i gkè girsf kn xlaf L sxixfh ieil` xkuih xk ov| infu xjlès' ulxjkvx si|lè i`|xjlè xk i`|k`f' i`h L ciaf oicmjkaf gioklkvsg|' o| i`kxjf rixj

Inxf L xkgh a| akxjf' i`h a| nixjf i`h a| okxjf' xkk' ujixjih jirrf`fh xk af' xjf| nlgfh i ckargil`x ulxj xjf ef`hiaflfXjf rkglcf ciaf i`h l`xf~lfufh af ix gfèxj= xjf| fzial`fh afi`h kosf~fh xjf aims kn gief nlèfs k` a| nicf L uis sxlgg sukg!gf`' i`h nfgx ril`s ix sf~fig rgicfs Xjf| ck`cgvhfh xjff jih offì` iohvcxlk` ixxfarx i`h xkgh af xjix lx uis ~f| sxièf' a|s!xflkvs Xjf| xkkm af xk xjf srkx xk ck`xl`vf xjfl l`~fsxleixlk`


57/200

| rsckcjfh= ix skaf kxjf rgicfs xjf| uff k`g| rfssfh i`h ngixxf`fhXjf iciclis xkk jih off` ov`fh l` rgicfs' i`h xjf| uff okmf`xkk Xjf nf`cfs l` xjf risxvf' ujlcj uff aihf kn ukkhf` rksxsi`h oiofh ulf' jih svnnffh igsk Skaf rksxs uff ov`fh' kxjfsrvggfh kvx= xjf oiofh ulf jih off` uf`cjfh iui| i`h okmf`

Xjf rf~lkvs hi| *Ai| 92/ o| iokvx 322 nx Is lx xv`fh kvxgixf' xjls slèvgi cgkvh uis sxihhglè i h| cffm ofh k sv`mf`kih *Milidlm Hff, i`h uf jih i rfnfcx ~lfu kn xjf cgkvh%s slhfsi`h f`hs is lx fsxfh k` xjf ekv`h Lxs ckgkv uis i glejx ef|' isuis xjf ckgkv kn xjf kxjf cgkvhs

I Olxlsj _felaf`x' xjf Nlsx Nkvxj @knkgm' kn sf~fig jv`hfhaf`' uis xjf` `kxlcfh aicjlè vr xjls sv`mf` kih k cffmxkuihs /Jlgg >2/ Lx irrfifh is xjkvej xjf| uff eklè xk fl`!nkcf xjf xkkrs ix /Jlgg >2/ Jkuf~f' ujf` xjf| il~fh ix xjlscgkvh' xjf| aicjfh sxilejx l`xk lx' ulxj `k jfslxixlk`' ovx `k k`ff~f ciaf kvx xk hfrgk| i`h nlejx ix /Jlgg >2/ Iokvx i` jkv gixf'inxf xjf gisx kn xjf nlgf jih hlsirrfifh l`xk lx' xjls cgkvh ~f|v`koxvsl~fg| glnxfh knn xjf ekv`h i`h' glmf i`| nke k cgkvh ukvgh'

ksf sgkug| v`xlg lx dkl`fh xjf kxjf slalgi cgkvhs ujlcj uff af`!xlk`fh l` xjf ofel``lè kn xjls icckv`x K` ~lfulè xjfa ieil`' xjf|igg gkkmfh iglmf /is rfis l` i roh/ Igg xjls xlaf' xjf ekvr kn cgkvhsjih off` jk~flè l` xjf siaf rgicf' ovx is skk` is xjf slèvgi/ekv`h/ cgkvh jih lsf` xk xjfl gf~fg' xjf| igg ak~fh iui| `kxj!uihs' lf xkuihs Xjicf *Ovgeili, L` i aixxf kn iokvx xjff!yvixfs kn i` jkv xjf| jih igg hlsirrfifh nka ~lfu

Xjf _felaf`x af`xlk`fh ls rksxfh is /alsslè/ k /ulrfh kvx/i`h k` Xvmf| svf`hflè l` 96 Sirrf N _flcjixAixixi' Oi| kn Rgf`x|

93+89> Sirrf _ @fu`fs965 Mlè Sx' Ciaolhef


D G @fuai`

XK AICK@XI I@H OICM) 929

sff xjf svccfssk xk Mlm l` Iocnk|gf' _f~ Xi|gk' ujk cgilnlfh


58/200

53 Nf|ofe Sx'Kxvakcxil' Xivièi

XIMF@ O\ XJF UL@H

Uf ji~f `ku fzial`fh sf~fig sxklfs kn iohvcxlk`s i`h ix!

xfarxs ix mlhìrrlès o| xjf kccvri`xs kn ng|lè sivcfs Xjfsffrlskhfs if i` l`xfeig rix kn xjf xkxig VNK rkogfa i`h ci`!

`kx of skg~fh sfriixfg| Jlsxklcig f~lhf`cf' eixjffh o| Uf`xt'akfk~f' k`cf akf rkl`xs l` xjf siaf hlfcxlk`

Xjls skx kn ofglfn l` nillfs oflè iogf xk ximf rfkrgf uis ~f|ckaak` i`h fzlsxs |fx l` i ekkh ai`| rixs kn Ufsx Lfgi`h

Xjf Ekkh Rfkrgf if knxf` sff` xjff *rkl`xlè xk M`kcj Aiej,l` efix ckuhs rgi|lè jvgf| i`h oigg I`h k`f knxf` sffs iakèxjfa xjf |kvè af` i`h ukaf` i`h cjlghf` ujk ji~f off` ximf`

@kx k`g| if rfkrgf ximf`' ovxis l` ng|lè sivcf sxklfsxjf|

if skafxlafs cilfh xk niiui| srkxs o| iflig afi`s Svcj i

sxk| ls xkgh o| xjf Rkrjfx Ftfmlfg' kn ckvsf' i`h o| kxjf

fglelkvs ulxfs Ovx i` khlì| Llsjai`' Dkj` Ciarofgg' igsk

xkgh Uf`xt4

I ai` ujka L ji~f sff`' _khflcm Aic @flg' uis glnxfh o| xjfjksxs i`h gfnx xjff algfs nka ujff jf uis ximf` vr Xjf jksxsuf`x ix iokvx alh`lejx

_f~ Mlm el~fs i nfu sxklfs kn slalgi fzxikhlì| mlhìr!

rlès' ovx xjf aksx ni`xisxlc gfef`h kn igg ls xjix ixxicjfh xk Mlm

jlasfgn4 xjf ekkh f~ff`h ls ckaak`g| ofglf~fh xk ji~f off`

ximf` o| xjf nillfs

As D AicEfek ujk mffrs xjf mf| xk xjf kgh cjvcj|ih ujffxjff ls i xkao xk Mlm' xjkvej ai`| si| xjff ls `kxjlè l` lx ovxi cknnl` nlggfh ulxj sxk`fs' xkgh af Mlm uis ximf` l`xk xjf Nil|M`kgg' ujlcj sjf rkl`xfh xk dvsx ickss i glxxgf ~iggf| l` nk`x kn vs'i`h ls xjff |fx' nk xjf jlgg ls nvgg kn ci~f`s i`h l` xjfa xjf /ekkhrfkrgf/ ji~f xjfl jkafs I`h sjf ihhfh xjix Mlm irrfifh xk ifgixl~f kn jls inxf jf uis ximf`

Uf`xt' ujk frkxs xjls l`xffsxlè sxk|' aihf nvxjf l`!

yvllfs feihlè xjf clcvasxi`cfs kn Mlm%s hfixj Jf uf`x xk

| ' | 'xjf sxk|4

Ix xglf xlaf kn jls hlsirrfii`cf rfkrgf silh jf uis ximf` ofcivsfxjf nillfs uff hlsrgfisfh ulxj jla nk hlscgkslè xjfl sfcfxs l`sk rvoglc i ai``f is jf hlh Ix igg f~f`xs' lx sffas glmfg| xjix Mlmuis ximf` lgg ~f| svhhf`g| ulxj skafxjlè glmf irkrgfz| ujlgf k`xjf Nil| M`kgg' i`h hlfh xjff L ji~f sficjfh xjf rfso|xf okkms

i`h nl`h `k fckh kn jku Mlm%s hfixj figg| xkkm rgicf' ovx knckvsf xjff ls `kx xjf gfisx hkvox kn jls okh| oflè l` xjf ei~f

Mlm ofglf~fh l` xjf iolglx| kn xjf Ekkh Rfkrgf xk rfnkamlhìrrlès i`h iohvcxlk`s' i`h xjls lhfi uis sk ulhfsrfih xjix

lx jis ckaf hku` xk vs xjkvej i ~ilfx| kn cji``fgs Uf ci`xjffnkf fzial`f l` hfxilg nkv isrfcxs kn nil| gkf xjix hlfcxg|

fgixf xk kv sxvh|4 *9, xjf ck`hlxlk`s i`h rvrksf kn xjf iohvc!xlk`s= *?, xjf cisfs kn fgfisf nka Fgngi`h i`h xjf nkas ximf`

o| xjf fg~fs% eixlxvhf ujf` xjf iohvcxfh jvai` oflè jih rf!nkafh skaf ~igviogf sf~lcf hvlè jls sxi| l` Fgngi`h= *3, xjf

ofglfn l` xjf mlhìrrlè icxl~lxlfs kn xjf nil| rfkrgf= i`h *8, ujix

L sjigg cigg xjf fgixl~lsxlc isrfcxs kn xjf xlr xk Fgngi`hJixgi`h frkxs xjix i Sufhlsj okkm rvoglsjfh l` 9556 ck`!

xil`s i gfeig sxixfaf`x' skgfa`g| suk` k` Irlg 9?' 9>59' o| xjfjvsoi`h kn i alhulnf ujk uis ximf` xk nil|gi`h xk isslsx i xkgg%s

ulnf l` el~lè olxj xk i cjlgh Xjf ivxjk kn xjf sxixfaf`x sffasxk ji~f off` i cgfe|ai` ìafh Rfxf _ija

K` xjf ivxjklx| kn xjls hfcgiixlk` uf if ciggfh k` xk ofglf~fxjix xjf f~f`x fckhfh icxvigg| jirrf`fh l` xjf |fi 9>>2 Rfxf_ija iggfefs xjix jf i`h jls ulnf uff ix xjfl nia k`f f~f`lègixf ujf` xjff ciaf i glxxgf ai`' suix kn nicf i`h cgih l` ef|'ujk ofeefh xjf hfcgii`x%s ulnf xk ckaf i`h jfgr jls ulnf xjf`

l` giokv Xjf hfcgii`x' sfflè xjix xjf| jih xk hk ulxj i Xkgg'ri|fh k~f jls ulnf' ogfssfh jf' i`h oihf jf l` Ekh%s ìaf ekulxj xjf sxièf Sjf sffafh xk of ok`f igkè o| xjf ul`h

Lx ls frkxfh xjix sjf ciaf jkaf /l` xjf siaf ai``f'/ ji~!

lè fnvsfh i`| nkkh knnffh xk jf ujlgf l` xjf xkgg%s ckari`|

L` i`kxjf xigf' xjf alhulnf%s jvsoi`h icckari`lfs jf

xjkvej xjf nkfsx Xjf| ic evlhfh o| xjf /fixjai`/xjf

e`kaf ujk jis fyvfsxfh xjfl jfgr Xjf| ek xjkvej i akss

hkk' xjf` i ukkhf` hkk' i`h gixf xjkvej i hkk kn sjl`lè


afxig I sxilui| gfihs xjfa l`slhf xlf fixj' xk i aie`lnlcf`x

XK AIEK@LI I@H OICM) 923

nvlxs ujlcj hkrrfh jk`f| Xjf `vsf uis jff rfsf`xfh ulxj


59/200

| ' e

cjiaof ujff xjf /fixjulnf/ ls fsxlè Mlm frkxs xjix l` i

cisf ujksf rl`clrigs jf rfskìgg| m`fu xjf iohvcxfh ukai`

nkv`h xjf jkaf kn xjf Glxxgf Rfkrgf nlggfh ulxj glejx' igxjkvej

sjf ckvgh `kx sff i`| giar k nlf

_f~ Mlm igsk si|s xjix gixf' l` xjf ckari`| kn i`kxjf cgfe|!

ai`' jf ~lslxfh i ukai`' xjf` nkx| |fis kgh' i`h ismfh jf yvfs!xlk`s ck`cf`lè jf m`kugfhef kn xjf nillfs Lx uis vakfh xjix

nk i `vaof kn |fis sjf jih ximf` igaksx `k `kvlsjaf`x' i`h

xjix sjf knxf` sxi|fh ~f| gixf l` xjf nlfghs gkkmlè inxf jf sjffr'

xjix sjf afx xjff i`h xigmfh ulxj rfkrgf sjf hlh `kx m`ku' i`h

xjix k`f `lejx sjf jih niggf` isgffr k` i jlgg i`h jih off` cilfh

iui| l`xk i`kxjf rgicf ofnkf sv`lsf Xjls ukai`' si|s Mlm'

uis igui|s afgi`cjkg| i`h slgf`x

Xjf rj|slcig ìxvf kn Aiek`li' is lx irrfis l` svcj xigfs' ls

yvlxf `kxfukxj| Skafxlafs' lx ls i fakxf ckv`x|' i` l`~lslogf

lsgi`h' skaf niiui| rgicf k`f ci` ficj k`g| o| i gkè dkv`f|

L`hffh' l` skaf xigfs' lx ls i cfgfsxlig ckv`x|' is l` xjf L`hli`

sxk| yvkxfh figlf Xjls riiggfgs xjf ofglfn l` xjf fzxixffsxlig

klel` kn VNK%s sk rkrvgi xkhi| I sfck`hi`h fyvigg| ulhf!

srfihxjfk|' ls xjix Fgngi`h ck`sxlxvxfs i skx kn riiggfg v`l!

~fsf' ujlcj ckfzlsxs ulxj kv ku` Lx ls aihf ~lslogf i`h xièlogf

k`g| xk sfgfcxfh rfkrgf' i`h xjf /hkks/ xjix gfih xjkvej lx if

xièf`xlig rkl`xs' m`ku` k`g| xk xjf fg~fs Xjls ls skafujix iì!

gkekvs xk xjf xjfk|' skafxlafs nkv`h l` xjf VNK glxfixvf'

ck`cf`lè ujix skaf ivxjks glmf xk cigg xjf /nkvxj hlaf`slk`/

igxjkvej' kn ckvsf' xjls fzrfsslk` aimfs avcj gfss rj|slcig

sf`sf xji` hkfs xjf xjfk| kn i riiggfg Fgngi`h *L x hkfs skv`h

akf sclf`xlnlc' jkuf~f),

Jixgi`h el~fs xigfs xjix lggvsxixf xjf xjfk| kn /xièf`xlig

v`l~fsfs'/ svcj is xjf nkggkulè4

L` @lxjshigf i nil| fuihs xjf ml`h`fss kn i |kvè akxjf' xkujka sjf jih ckaalxxfh jf oiof xk svcmgf' o| imlè jf k` i~lslx xk Nil|gi`h I hkk krf`fh l` i eff` jlggslhf' hlscgkslè irkcj ujlcj xjf `vsf i`h jf ck`hvcxk f`xffh Xjff xjf gih|hkrrfh xjff hkrs kn i rfclkvs hfu k` xjf `vsf%s gfnx f|fglh'i`h xjf| uff ihalxxfh xk i ofivxlnvg gi`h uixffh ulxj afi`hf!lè l~vgfxs i`h |fggku ulxj ck`' ujff xjf xffs uff gihf` ulxj

aielcig elnxs' i`h ujf` i eff` hfu jih oirxltfh jf lejx f|fsjf uis fìogfh xk ofjkgh nvxjf uk`hfs K` fxv`lè xjf nil|rissfh jf ji`h k~f xjf ukai`%s f|f i`h fsxkfh lxs ìxvigrkufs

Xjls xigf olès vs xk kv sfck`h rkl`x' xjix kn xjf eixlxvhf

sjku` o| xjf fg~fs l` fxv` nk sf~lcfs rfnkafh o| jvai`s'

i`h xjf nka svcj eixlxvhf ximfs Xjf eixlxvhf lxsfgn ls f~l!hf`cfh o| ai`| sxklfs kn fg~lsj elnxs l` Sci`hlì~li` i`h @kxj!

f` Fvkrfi` xigcs' svcj is xjls k`f4

I Efai` alhulnf' ujk uis svaak`fh o| i Uixfai`' k @lz'xk ilh i ukai` l` giok' uis xkgh o| xjf gixxf4 /L ia i Cjlsxliùkai` is ufgg is |kv= i`h L uis cilfh knn o| i Uixfai`' ujkcjièfh af Ujf` a| jvsoi`h ckafs l` `ku i`h knnfs |kvak`f|' ximf `k akf nka jla xji` |kv vsvigg| efx' k fgsf jf ulggxulsx |kv `fcm Ximf ekkh cif)/

L` i`kxjf sxk|' xjf alhulnf ls ismfh jku avcj sjf ui`xs

Sjf i`sufs sjf ulgg `kx ximf akf nka xjfa xji` nka kxjf

rfkrgf' i`h xjf fgn frglfs4 /Xjix%s gvcm| nk xjfc Jihsx xjkvhfai`hfh akf' lx ukvgh ji~f ek`f lgg ulxj xjff)/ L` srlxf kn

xjix' sjf fcfl~fh jf irk` nvgg kn ekgh92

L` i Rkafi`li` sxk|' xjf alhulnf slalgig| frglfs xk xjfsiaf yvfsxlk`' i`h xjf ai``lml` si|s' /@ku xjf`' glnx vr xj|

irk`)/ i`h nlggs lx ulxj voolsj xjix gi| l` xjf ck`f kn xjf kkaJf xjf` ximfs jls gi`xf` i`h rkglxfg| fsckxs jf jkaf Ovx

ujf` sjf sjimfs kvx jf irk`' rvf ekgh niggs k` xjf ngkk

Fg~lsj elnxs ji~f i aielcig cjiicxf' ujlcj ulgg ximf ~f|srfclig afi`lè l` xjf `fzx cjirxf Xjfl aielcig yviglx| ckvgh

of lggvsxixfh ulxj xigfs nka ricxlcigg| i`| ckv`x| Cjl`fsf

nkgmgkf' l` rixlcvgi' el~fs `vafkvs fziargfs kn lx L` k`f xigf'xjf huin nlggs xjf ukai`%s irk` ulxj skafxjlè sjf avsx `kx

gkkm ix ofnkf sjf ficjfs jf jkvsf @ixvigg| sjf ximfs i gkkmis skk` is xjf huin jis ~i`lsjfh' i`h sffs xjix sjf ls ci|lè

ogicm ckigs Ièffh' sjf xjkus xjfa iui|' fxil`lè xuk is f~l!hf`cf kn xjf huin%s oih xfixaf`x Sjf il~fs jkaf i`h hls!

ck~fs xjf ogicm ckigs ji~f xv`fh l`xk rfclkvs sxk`fs Ovx ujf`sjf ekfs oicm xk nl`h xjf kxjf ckigs' xjf| if igg ek`f

Xjff if' l` nicx' `vafkvs sxklfs l` nkgmgkf kn jvai`s ujk


ji~f ek`f xk nil|gi`h kn xjfl ku` ulgg' flxjf ximlè i afssief'

XK AIEK@LI I@H OICM) 926

I xigf nka Oihf`kcj frfsf`xs xjf ai` is hlsck~flè xjf nivhn nl hl jl ln n nng h hh g h


60/200

k olèlè k`f oicm' k rfnkalè skaf sf~lcf nk xjf svrf!

ìxvig oflès ujk gl~f xjff Ovxi`h xjls ls a| xjlh rkl`xuf igsk ji~f `vafkvs icckv`xs kn iohvcxlk`s o| xjf nillfsXjf| ximf af` i`h ukaf`' fsrfclig

Passport to Magonia Folklore

Documents

Transcript of Passport to Magonia Folklore