Passive Voice Presentation

Before we start…….

- Which kind of verb can be changed into a passive voice?

A transitive verb (requires an object.)

- How many kinds of passive voice?

There are 3 kinds of passive voice- Passive voice in statement- Passive voice in question- Passive voice in command

- Why do we have to use the passive voice?- - To emphasize the receiver of the action- - Not to reveal the performer of the action

Before we start…….

- What is the most important part of passive voice?

Answer is variable : object , verb to be, past participial form of verb (Verb3)

- What can be omitted in the passive voice and why?

An object which is not specified or we can call it as indefinite pronoun.

Introduction : Verbs and Voice Voice is the form a verb takes to

indicate whether the subject of the verb performs or receives the action.

There are two types of voice: active voice and passive voice.

Passive Voice

In a passive voice sentence, the subject and object flip-flop. The subject becomes the passive recipient of the action.

Because the subject is being "acted upon" (or is passive), such sentences are said to be in the passive voice.

Active Voice

Active Voice – indicates that the subject of the verb is acting

Because the subject does or "acts upon" the verb in such sentences, the sentences are said to be in the active voice.

Reasons to Use the Active Voice Most writers prefer to use active voice

because it is more direct. Compare

Active: The waiter dropped the tray of food.

Passive: The tray of food was dropped by the waiter.

Reasons to Use the Active Voice The active voice is less awkward and clearly states

relationship between subject and action. Compare

Passive: Your request for funding has been denied by the review committee.

Active: The review committee denied your request for funding.

The active voice sentence pattern propels the reader forward through your writing thus avoiding weak prose.

When to Use Passive Voice In general, the passive voice is less direct, less

forceful, and less concise than the active voice.

Use the passive voice in the following situations:

Use passive voice when you do not know or do not want to reveal the performer of an action.

Use passive voice when you want to emphasize the receiver of an action.

Group 1

Passive Voice in Statement

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE

VOICE The Simple Present TenseActive: S + V(s/es) + O

Passive: S + am/is/are + PP + by + O

EX: He reads books every day.Books are read (by him) every

day.


VOICE The Present Continuous Tense

Active: S + am/is/are + V-ing + O

Passive: S + am/is/are + being +PP + by + O

EX: He is writing a novel at the moment.

A novel is being written (by him) at the moment.


VOICE The Present Perfect TenseActive: S + Has/Have + V3

ed + O

Passive: S + has/have + been +PP + by + O

EX: He has just finished a novel.

A novel has just been finished (by him).


VOICE The Past Simple TenseActive: S + V2

ed + O

Passive: S + was/were + PP + by + O

EX: He gave Tom a book.A book was given to Tom

(by him).Tom was given a book (by

him).


VOICE The Past Continuous TenseActive: S + was/were + V-ing + O

Passive: S + was/were + being + PP + by + O

EX: He was writing a letter at 8.00 yesterday.

A letter was being written (by him).


VOICE The Past Perfect TenseActive: S + had + V3

ed + O

Passive: S + had + been + PP + by + O

EX: He had finished his homework before 8.00 yesterday.

His homework had been finished (by him) before 8.00 yesterday.


VOICE The Future Simple TenseActive: S + will/shall + V + O

Passive: S + will/shall + be + PP + by + O

EX: He will finish the homework.

The homework will be finished.


VOICE The Future Continuous TenseActive: S + will/shall + be + V-ing +

O

Passive: S + will/shall + be + being + PP + by + O

EX: Tom will be cooking lunch at 10.00 tomorrow.

Lunch will be being cooked by Tom at 10.00 tomorrow.


VOICE To be going toActive: S + V to be + going + to + V

stem form

Passive: S + V. to be + going + to+ be + PP + by + O

EX: I am going to finish my homework.

My homework is going to be done (by me).


VOICE The Future Perfect TenseActive: S + will/shall + have + V3

ed + O

Passive: S + will/shall + have + been + PP + by + O

EX: By the end of next week, he will have written 10 letters to her.

By the end of next week, 10 letters will have been written to her.

Group 2

Passive Voice in Question

PASSIVE VOICE IN INTEROOGATIVE FORM

How to change :1 . Change the interrogative

form into thestatement form.- Did she buy this book?

She bought this book.

PASSIVE VOICE IN INTERROGATIVE FORM

How to change :2 . Then change the active form

into thepassive form.- She bought this book?

This book was bought by her.

PASSIVE VOICE IN INTERROGATIVE FORM

How to change :3 .Finally, change the passive

form into the interrogative form again .- This book was bought by her.

Was this book bought (by her)?

PASSIVE VOICE IN WH-QUESTION

How to change :1 . Change the wh-question

form into thestatement form.- Where did she place it?

She placed it. (where)


How to change :2. Change the statement form

from active voice into passive voice.- She placed it. (where)

It was placed (by her). (where)


How to change :3. Change the passive voice

into the question word again.- It was placed (by her).

(where)

Where was it placed (by her)?

Group 3

Passive Voice in Command

PASSIVE VOICE IN COMMAND

Passive :Let + object +be + V(past

participial form)

Active : Clean it.

Let it be cleaned

PASSIVE VOICE IN COMMAND (NEGATIVE)

Passive :Let + object + not+ be + V( pp

form)

Active : Don’t shut the window.

Let this window not be shut.

Extra Passive

Passive Voice in Other Forms

MODAL VERBS (MV) IN PASSIVE VOICE

Modal Verbs can be used in either the present or past forms.

Active: S + MV (not) + V + O

Passive: S + MV (not) + Be + PP + by + O

EX: We can’t solve this problem.This problem can’t be

solved.

OTHER INFINITIVE COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE

VOICEVerbs of liking/loving/wanting/wishing

+ Object + infinitive form their passive with the passive infinitive.

Active: S + V + O1 + to-infinitive + O2

Passive: S + V + O + To Be + PPEX: He wants someone to take

photographs.

He wants photographs to be taken.

Such verbs as “have/let/make/hear/see/watch/feel/ observe” are used in the following passive structure:

Active: S + V + O + V (BI)Passive: S + To Be + PP + to-

InfinitiveEX: The gravity makes things drop

down.

Things are made to drop down by the gravity.

Note: The verb following “let” does not bear “to” in the passive sentence.


VOICEWith

advise/beg/order/recommend/urge + Indirect Object + Infinitive + Object, we have two ways of making the passive voice.

<1>Active: S + V + O1 + to-infinitive + O2

Passive: S + To Be + PP + to-infinitive + O2

EX: He urged the Council to reduce the tax.

The Council was urged to reduce the tax.


VOICEWith

advise/beg/order/recommend/urge + Indirect Object + infinitive + Object, we have two ways of making the passive voice.

<2>Active: S + V + O1 + to-infinitive + O2

Passive: S1 + V + that + S2 + should be + PP

EX: He urged the Council to reduce the tax.

He urged that the tax should be reduced.

OTHER INFINITIVE COMBINATIONS AFTER THE

PASSIVE VERB

After acknowledge/assume/believe/claim/

consider /estimate/feel/find/know/report/

say/think /understand …, we use the infinitive construction.

Simple Infinitive: if the time in the infinitive passive is the same as that of the main active verb.

<1>Active: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + (O)

Passive: It + To Be + PP + that + S2 + V2 + (O)

EX: People said that he was jealous of her.

It was said that he was jealous of her.


Passive: S+ To Be + PP + to + V+ (O)

EX: People said that he was jealous of her.

He was said to be jealous of her.

Perfect Infinitive: if the time in the infinitive passive is earlier than that of the main active verb.


Passive: It + To Be + PP + that + S2 + V2 + (O)

EX: People say that he was jealous of her.

It is said that he was jealous of her.


Passive: S+ To Be + PP + to have + PP + (O)

EX: People say that he was jealous of her.

He is said to have been jealous of her.

OTHER GERUND COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE

VOICEWith

advise/insist/propose/recommend/suggest + Gerund + Object

Active: S + V + V-ing + O

Passive: S + V + that + S + should be + PP

EX: He recommended using bullet-proof glass. He recommended that bullet-proof glass should be used.

OTHER GERUND COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE

VOICEActive: S + V + O + V-ing

Passive: S + V + Being + PP + by + O

EX: I remembered my father taking me to the zoo. I remember being taken to the zoo by my father.

Active: S + V + To-inf + O

Passive: S + V + To Be + PP + by + O

EX: She started to learn English 5 years ago.

English started to be learnt 5 years ago. Active: S + V + V-ing + O

Passive: S + V + Being + PP + by + O

EX: She started learning English 5 years ago.

English started being learnt 5 years ago.

VERB EXPRESSING EMOTION- Verb of feeling

1. We use past participles to describe how they feel:

Structure:

S + Verb of feeling + O.

Example :

The test disappoints them.


2. We use past participles to describe how they feel: The subject is always “person”.

Structure:

S + Verb to be + Verb of feeling + Prep + O.

Example :

I am interested in this book.


3. We use present participles to describe what caused the feelings.

Structure:

S + Verb to be + Verb of feeling (Pre. PP form)

Example :

This subject is very boring.

Can you remember all of them?

Your answer……I am waiting for your replies.

End of the lesson …..Have fun with you lesson

Do you have any question to ask me about the passive voice and active voice?

Passive Voice Presentation

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