Effect of Trees and Plants

Effect of Trees and PlantsBuilding Materials and Sciences- AR 103

By Anupama Chawla

IntroductionMacro climate: The climate of a larger area such as a region or a country

Micro Climate: The Variations on Localized climate in or around a building

In the built environment we are concerned with the local environment systems because the macro and micro climate have a very important role to play in the energy performance of a building.

Landscaping can improve the micro climate of the immediate surroundings of a building; by modifying the microclimate around a building making the building sustainable

Objectives of Using Landscape for Passive Cooling1) Prevent Heat Gain Through Radiation 2) Encourage Heat Loss Through Radiation 3) Prevent Heat Gain Through Convection 4) Encourage Heat Loss Through Convection 5) Encourage Heat Loss Through Evaporation 6) Prevent Heat Gain Through Conduction 7) Encourage Heat Loss Through Conduction

1) Prevent Heat gain through Radiation

Block incident radiation.

1) Prevent Heat gain through Radiation

Avoid reflected radiation and emitted radiation

2) Encourage Heat loss through Convection

Increase ventilation by cool breezes.Replace hot air next to building wall and roof with cooler air.

3)Avoid Heat gain through convectionReduce surface temperatures in prevailing wind directionsPrevent infiltration of hot winds.Reduce wind speed. Deflect Hot Winds.Insulate Building.

4)Encourage Heat loss through Evaporation

Increase rate of evaporation.Increase evaporative surfacesIncrease convection over evaporative surfaces.

5)Prevent Heat Gain through Conduction

Block incident radiation to ground surfaceTrap air cooled by evapo-transpiration next to ground surface.Reduce conductivity of ground.

6) Encourage Heat loss through conduction

Expose building walls and roof to cool conductors.Trap air cooled by evapo-transpiration next to building walls and roof.

StrategiesA building or landscape design should exploit the maximum number of complementary-design strategies for passive cooling. There are seven types of landscape and building elements: walls, windows, screens, roofs, canopies, floors, and courts.

1) Wallplant wall planted berm wall peat moss wall planter wall stepped wall stepped planters tree/shrub wall

2)Windowwindow planter window planter wall

3) Screentree screen balcony edge bris soleil planter freestanding planter screen vine-covered wall vine-covered lattice vine-covered cables detatched lattice sliding wall planter sliding window planter hinged planter screen pivoting screen/trellis

4) Roofroof lattice turf roof roof garden trellised roof garden glazed planter roof

5) Canopytree canopy freestanding trellis attached trellis fixed window shadesliding window planter pivoting screen/trellis

6) Floorplant floor unit pavers in grass grass pavement

7) Courtshade court/sun pocket hinged planter screen

Deciduous trees block radiation in summer and permit penetration of substantial radiation in winter. A deciduoustreelosesitsleavesinautumnandgrowsnewonesin thespring.

Evergreen trees retain green foliage all year round.

Plants and trees to be usedLarge Deciduous Trees: Acer rubrum, Fraxinus pennsylvanica lanceolata, Liquidambar styraciflu a, Liriodendron tu lip ife ra , Platanus acerifo lia, Populus nigra it a lic a , Quercus boreal is (rubra), Quercus phellos, T ilia cordata. Common names: Red maple, Green Ash, Tulip Poplar, Red Oak, Willow oak, Large Evergreen Trees: Magnolia grandiflora, Pinus nigra, Pinus strobus, Tsuga canadensis. Common names: Southern Magnolia, Austrian Pine, White PineSmall Deciduous Trees: Acer palmatum, Cornus flo rid a , Crataegus phaenopyrum (cordata), Lagerstromeia indica, Mai us floribunda. Common Names: Japanese Maple, Dogwood, Crape Myrtle Deciduous and Semi-Evergreen Shrubs: Abelia grandiflora, Euonymous alatus, Ligustrum ovalifolium, Spiraea van houttei Common names: Glossy Abelia, Burning BushEvergreen Shrubs: Berberis julianae, Ilex crenata, Ligustrum lucidum, Taxus cuspidata, Thuja occidental is . Common Names: Japanese Holly, Wintergreen BarberryVines: Campsis radicans, Celastrus scandens, Clemantis paniculata, Euonymous fortunei coloratus, Gel semi urn sempervirens, Hedera helix Hydrangea anomala p e tio la ris, Lonicera japonica halliana, Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Pueraria lobata, Wisteria floribunda. Common names: American Bittersweet, Trumpet vine, Carolina yellow Jasmine, Climbing Hydrangea, Honey suckleGroundcovers: Ajuga reptans, Cotoneaster dammeri, Liriope muscari, Juniperus horizontal is , Pachysandra terminalis, Rosa wichuraiana, Vinca minor. Common Names: Carpet bugle, Lily Turf, Juniper, Memorial rose, Periwinle

BibliographyHardik Saxena1 , Dr. P.B.L. Chaurasia, Pradeep Nath Mathur; Use of Microclimate and Landscaping in Passive Cooling for Energy Conservation Of Buildings ; Published in the International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering ; April 2014Muhammad Babale Girei , Yakubu Aminu Dodo2 , Ahmed Yahaya Abdul , Aisha Haladu Bornoma4 & Abubakar Sarkile Kawuwa; Prevalence of Landscaping as a Means of Passive Cooling in Hot Climates: a Case Study; Published in the International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 8, August 2013 Anne Whiston Spirn, Adele Naude Santos; PLANTS FOR PASSIVE COOLING; Report prepared by HARVARD UNIVERSITY; April 1981