PASSAGE OF PARTICLES THROUGH MATTER (I) - …physicsweb.phy.uic.edu/482/Lecture6.pdfPASSAGE OF...
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PASSAGE OF PARTICLES THROUGH MATTER (I) Zhenyu Ye February 16, 2015 Monday, February 16, 2015 1
Transcript of PASSAGE OF PARTICLES THROUGH MATTER (I) - …physicsweb.phy.uic.edu/482/Lecture6.pdfPASSAGE OF...
PASSAGE OF PARTICLES THROUGH MATTER (I)
Zhenyu Ye February 16, 2015
Monday, February 16, 2015 1
References “Techniques for Nuclear and Particle Physics Experiments” Chapter 2 – by William Leo Particle Data Group Review: http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/reviews/rpp2014-rev-quark-model.pdf http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/reviews/rpp2014-rev-passage-particles-matter.pdf
wikipedia
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Standard Model of Particle Physics
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Nucleus Isotopes
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Cosmic Rays
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High Energy Colliders
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RHIC
NSRL LINAC Booster
AGS
Tandems
STAR 6:00 o’clock
PHENIX 8:00 o’clock
(PHOBOS) 10:00 o’clock
Jet Target 12:00 o’clock
RF 4:00 o’clock
AnDy 2:00 o’clock
EBIS
High Energy Collider Experiments
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STAR Detector CMS Detector
STAR Event Display CMS Event Display
Radiation Detection • Charged particle: e±, µ±, τ±, u, d, s, c, b, t π±, K±, p±, α++, … W± • Neutral particles: νe, νµ, ντ, π0, K0, n, … γ, Z, g • Leptons: e±, µ±, τ±, νe, νµ, ντ • Quarks: u, d, s, c, b, t • Bosons: γ, Z, W±, g • Hadrons: π±, K±, p±, α++, π0, K0, n, …
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Quark Model
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http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/reviews/rpp2014-rev-quark-model.pdf
Quark Model
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Y - hypercharge 1/3 1/3 -2/3
Β – baryon number 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3
0 0 0
http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/reviews/rpp2014-rev-quark-model.pdf
Electron Discovery
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Interaction Cross Section
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differential cross section per target particle
total cross section
probability of interaction in δx
total interaction rate
mean free path
Classical Coulomb Cross Section
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dσdΩ
dσdΩ
=b ⋅db ⋅dϕ
sinθs ⋅dθs ⋅dϕ=
κ 2
16E 21
sin4θs 2
V r( ) = 14πε0
qQr=κr
r θ( ) = p1+ε ⋅cosθ
p = L2 κm, ε = 1+ 2EL2 κ 2m
Energy Loss of Heavy Charged Particles Most likely: • Inelastic collisions with electrons of material nuclei σ~10-17-10-16 cm2
• Elastic scattering from nuclei Rare processes: • Bremsstrahlung • Cherenkov radiation • Nuclear reactions
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Energy Loss of Heavy Charged Particles
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