Parts of the Prokaryotic Cell

Check your Understanding

1) What is the main difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?

2) What are the parts of a nucleus and where are they located?

3) What types of organisms have prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

4) What are the parts of a prokaryotic cell and what are their functions?

Review

• What is the main difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?

• What types of organisms have prokaryotic cells?

• What types of organisms have eukaryotic cells?

Main Difference?

• Yeah, that’s right…the nucleus!

Eukaryotic (“true kernel”) = true nucleus

Prokaryotic (“before kernel”) = before nucleus

orrrrr…. Pro = no

Parts of the Nucleus

• Nuclear envelope: 2 membranes surrounding the nucleus

• Nuclear pores: holes in the envelope that allow substances in and out

• Nucleoplasm: “cytoplasm of the nucleus”; this is where DNA is found

• Nucleolus: small region inside the nucleus where ribosomes are made

So if prokaryotes don’t have a nucleus, where is their DNA?

• Prokaryotic DNA is found in a region of the cytoplasm called the “nucleoid region”

• Not coiled into linear (X-shaped) chromosomes; unwound in a circular structure

Parts of the Prokaryotic Cell

• Cell Wall

• Cell Membrane

• Ribosomes

• Cytoplasm

• Nucleoid Region

+ DNA

• Flagellum

Cell Organelles that are NOT Found in Prokaryotes

• Anything with a membrane around it! (AKA membrane-bound organelles)

• Ex: ER, Golgi, vacuoles, mitochondria, chloroplasts

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Organisms

Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

Mostly unicellular (one cell) organisms

Examples: bacteria

Mostly multicellular (many cells) organisms

Examples: animals, plants, fungi, protists

So What’s a “Protist”?• A unicellular (one-celled) eukaryote

• Examples: Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglena

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