PARTS OF SPEECH PART 2English 21

Ms. Brown’s Presentation

Presentation Outline

• Helping Verbs

• Adjectives and Adverbs

• Prepositions and prepositional phrases

• Simple Sentences with conjunctions (FANBOYS) punctuation

Helping Verbs vs. Linking Verbs

• A helping verb appears with a main verb (an action verb or linking verb). For example:

– Amy is studying before her brother interrupted by knocking on the door.

– I can help Mrs. Collin’s cross the street.

– The bride is looking beautiful in her white dress.

– The bride is beautiful in her white dress.

– He was feeling sick and decided to stay home.

Helping Verbs Song

• Sometimes, it’s best to memorize the helping verbs.

• Check out this song! The helping verbs can be remembered by singing along to Jingle Bells:

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-F2JWKY63K0&NR=1&feature=fvwp

Lyrics to the Helping Verb Song• Helping verbs, helping verbs, there are

twenty-three:

• am, is, are, was and were

• being, been, and be

• have, has, had

• do, does, did

• shall, should, will, and would

• There are five more helping verbs: may, might, must, can, could.

Adjectives

• An adjective is a descriptive word that modifies a noun. We say modifies because adjectives change nouns depending on the description.

– His green eyes look like emerald jewels.

– The blue and white Staples Center is huge.

– The gigantic buildings block the hot sun.

Adjectives

• FACE OFF GAME!

– Directions: The person on the noun side says a noun of his or her choice. The person on the adjective side must say an adjective to describe that noun. We will also reverse the game.

• For example:– Noun chair: cookies

– Adjective chair: delicious

– Noun chair: coin

– Adjective chair: round

Adjectives

• Adjectives describe nouns—and only nouns.

Adverbs

• On the other hand, an adverb is a descriptive word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. In short, the adverb will tell you how something is done or the degree of how something or someone is described.

– I slept late, so I rushed quickly to class.

• How did you sleep?

• How did you rush to class?

– You are so beautiful. He is very nice.

• How beautiful are you?

• How nice is he?

Adverbs

• On the other hand, an adverb is a descriptive word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. In short, the adverb will tell you how something is done (time, manner, or frequency) or the degree of how something or someone is described.

– I slept late, so I rushed quickly to class.

• How did you sleep? Late (time)

• How did you rush to class? Quickly (manner)

– He often gives compliments to women. He is very nice.

• How does he give compliments? Often (frequency)

• How nice is he? Very (degree)

Adjectives and Adverbs

• It is important to recognize the difference between an adjective and an adverb. You must learn to examine the parts/words in every sentence.

A. My car’s engine is slow.

B. He drives slowly on busy streets.

C. I sleep late and peacefully on weekends.

D. I was very late to class.

– Can you identify the adjective or adverbs in each sentence?

Adjectives and Adverbs

• It is important to recognize the difference between an adjective and an adverb. You must learn to examine the parts in the sentence.

– My car’s engine is slow.

A. My = Possessive Pronoun

B. car’s = concrete noun with a possessive apostrohpe

C. engine = concrete noun as the SUBJECT

D. is = LINKING VERB

E. slow = adjective– Note: Possessives are NEVER the subject in a sentence.

Adjectives and Adverbs

• It is important to recognize the difference between an adjective and an adverb. You must learn to examine the parts in the sentence.

– He drives slowly on busy streets.

A. He = SUBJECT pronoun

B. drives = ACTION VERB

C. slowly = adverb

D. on busy streets = prepositional phrase-- Note: Subjects are NEVER in the prepositional phrase of a sentence.

Adjectives and Adverbs

• It is important to recognize the difference between an adjective and an adverb. You must learn to examine the parts in the sentence.

– I sleep late and peacefully on weekends.

A. I = SUBJECT pronoun

B. sleep = ACTION VERB

C. late = adverb

D. and = conjunction

E. peacefully = adverb

F. on weekends = prepositional phrase

Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases

• A preposition is a word that tells you the position, spatial or temporal, of nouns and other parts of speech. The prepositional phrase includes the preposition and a noun or object following.

– I studied hard in the library.

• The preposition is in

• The prepositional phrase is in the library

Check out the following video for a visual of how prepositions help nouns and other parts of speech.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=byszemY8Pl8

Simple Sentences

• A simple sentence is a sentence that has at least one subject (who or what the sentence is about) and at least one verb.

– S+V

• Beautiful Sara sings loudly on Saturdays.

• A simple sentence can become longer with compound subjects or compound verbs.

– S+S+V

• Sara and Sam are graduating from Los Angeles Harbor College.

– S+V+V

• Sam works at Starbucks and is saving his money for a car.

– S+S+V+V

• Sara and Sam fell in love and got married a year later.

THE END