Parts of Building1

8/19/2019 Parts of Building1

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Parts OfBuilding


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• Foundation• Column and Beams

• Lintel• DPC• Windows and doors• Roof • Floor


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Foundation :-

The portion of a structureunder columns and wallswhich transfer load of thestructure to the soil in a safe

way without excessivesettlement is calledfoundation.


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Importance ofFoundation :-

•The main function of foundation isto redistri!ute the concentratedload of walls and columns over alar"er area # reducin" the loadper unit area $ load intensity %

until it !ecomes e&ual to the safe!earin" capacity of the soil.

• 'f the proper foundation is notapplied # the structure maysu!side due to compression of

soil.


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• (election of foundationdepends on the conditions we

are facin". For example if soilis stron" and load is not verymuch )(hallow Foundation**is suita!le however if soil issoft and there is very hu"e

concentrated load then )Deepfoundation** should !e selected.

• +ostly for sin"le story !uildin"(tep Foundation is applied #details of which are "iven in

,"ure.


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Columns And Beams :-

Beam is a structural mem!er # used toprovide support to upper part of!uildin" leavin" clear spaceunderneath and transfer the imposedloads to supports at its ends. -suallythe load acts at ri"ht an"le to thelon"itudinal axis of the mem!er.

Whereas Column is a structuremem!er which provides a continuoussupport for upper part of the !uildin"and carries the load directly to thefoundations. 'n column load usually

acts alon" vertical axis.


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Beams and columns are usually madeof concrete # reinforced with steel !arConcrete is very wea in tension if no

reinforcement is provided !eam will cat !ottom and will fall down. 'f we prosteel !ars it !ecomes safe as steel issu/iciently stron" in tension.Columns are used where heavy load i!e supported # lie in multi story!uildin"s. 'n sin"le story !uildin"s onwalls serve the purpose.


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Lintel :-Lintel is a smallusually concealed!eam provided over

openin"s in wallslie doors # windowsand ventilators.


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Purpose Of Lintel :-

Whenever we "ive openin" in the wait weaens the structure # lintels areprovided over the openin" so that lo

can !e e/ectively overcome. (tren"of lintel should !e carefullyconsidered accordin" to amount ofload they are "oin" to !ear.

f C


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Damp Proof Course( D.P.C ) :-

Brics have a porous

structure and the pores areinterconnected to formcapillaries. 0s a result #!rics suc dampness fromthe soil underneath andpump it to upper parts of the!uildin" # and thus dama"esthe !uildin". To prevent thisa continuous water proof

layer is provided a!ove the


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Composition of DPC:-

DPC consist of 1 2 in to 3in thic layer of P.C.C $ 14546 %over which two coats of hot!itumen are applied. (ometimes #

for load !earin" walls # polythenesheet is also provided. The top of

DPC is made in level with the"round 7oor of the !uildin".


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indo!s andDoors :-

Window is the openin" inthe walls to mae the roomairy and li"hted. Whereasdoor is the openin" in the

walls to mae roomaccessi!le.


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1%There should not !e too many windows the !uildin" as it will mae the structurewea.

5%8ormally windows are 6 feet wide and thei"ht from 7oor is 3 feet.

3%Doors should not !e too wide that they occupy the whole space # and not too sm

that thin"s lie furniture # frid"e may nopass.6%-sually doors are 6 feet wide and 9 feet

hi"h.


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"oof :-'t is a structure used to cover

the re&uired parts of the!uildin". Roof coverin" of thetop of a !uildin"# servin" toprotect a"ainst rain # snow #sunli"ht# wind # and extremes

of temperature. Roofs have!een constructed in a wide

variety of forms 7at# pitched # vaulted# domed# or in

com!ination. 'n Paistan 7at


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Followin" points should !e ept in miwhile constructin" roof 4

1%Roof should have proper slope so that rawater may not stand over it

5%:xternal surface of roof must prevent ra

and other precipitations from penetratin!uildin".

3%Roof should !e stron" enou"h to !earexpected load.

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