Partnership for Urban

Waste Management

BadanBadan L NyachhyonL NyachhyonMULTI Disciplinary Consultants (P) LtdMULTI Disciplinary Consultants (P) Ltd

Feb 11Feb 11--13, 200913, 2009

Solid Waste, Waste Water, and Environment

Solid Waste ManagementSolid Waste Management

In Jan 2009, for the 8th

time, KMC made Agreement to fulfill the demands of the SisdolStruggle Committee.

Major Disposal Site: Sisdol

The rationale of the struggle of Sisdol people is justified. No compensation can recover the living condition in Sisdol. Can we improve the hazard

created? Time and again, Sisdol people debar the disposal and SW problem flares up in Kathmandu.

Our City, Our WasteOur City, Our Waste

We We DumpedDumped

itit ]]

SW problem flares up as the tides in the Ocean. The July 24, 2007 event was remarkable with KMC dumping the waste at Tundikhel – the Centre of the City. The

situation was predicted back in 1996.

We live and We live and play hereplay here

Over 3 million People in Over 3 million People in KV produce SW > 800 KV produce SW > 800 Ton/day, Ton/day, ••300 Trucks/day300 Trucks/day••50% Thrown Away into 50% Thrown Away into Nature or Public PlaceNature or Public Place

Jan 2009 Kathmandu – For over 21 days the waste remained on the streets

Tree Plantation at Ring road was destroyed with SW Dump

Dumping at riverside destroyed culture and environment

Degrading Human ValueDegrading Human Value

Over 20,000 Children, Women and Waste Pickers engaged Over 20,000 Children, Women and Waste Pickers engaged in KV alone for living. Who cares about their health, in KV alone for living. Who cares about their health,

education?education?

The Only Cause of PollutionThe Only Cause of Pollutionis our habit is our habit

of of Throwing AwayThrowing Away

The SW Management is based on Dumping in Landfill site or elsewhere. The Approach has not been changed from last 30 years. No reforms, no changes and no innovation occurred in SW Management.

Recent News indicated KMC spends over NPR 2 Billion for collection and Dumping the Waste i.e. NPR 600/capita/year.

We need a radical change in ApproachWe need a radical change in Approach

Composition of SWComposition of SW

66%

25%

0%9%

Organic Market Hazardous Inert

Food, Vegetable,

Leaves

Packaging Materials

Sand, Brick, Stone

Waste generation in 58 Waste generation in 58 municipalities in 2005, municipalities in 2005,

T/dayT/day•Total Quantity 100% 1489•Organic 66% 982 •Inert and Others 9% 135•Recyclable 25% 372•Plastics 10% 148•Paper 8% 119•Glass 2% 30•Textile 3% 45•Metal 1% 15•Leather /Rubber 1% 15

Average Generation: Average Generation: 0.30.3--0.5 Kg/capita/day0.5 Kg/capita/day

Total Waste: 7,500 T/dayTotal Waste: 7,500 T/day

CompostingCompostingRecycleRecycle

Landfill/ Landfill/ Land Land

reclamationreclamation

Total = 761Market= 475Comp= 286Recycling, mln Rs.

Com

mun

ity P

artic

ipat

ion

Com

mun

ity P

artic

ipat

ion

Solid WasteHospitalConsumer

Domestic Activity

Municipal Activity

Industry

AgencyAgency

Disposal in Container & PS

Transfer Center

Dumping Site

MixingMixing

Reform Approach in SWMReform Approach in SWM

ZWAZWA

Mun

icip

ality

/Gov

t.M

unic

ipal

ity/G

ovt.

IndustriesIndustries

Clean Waste

Recycle Materials

Inert Material

SeparationSeparation

Biodegradable Material CompostingComposting

Landfill / Landfill / Reclamation Reclamation SiteSite

Low Value Products High Value Products

Zero Waste Approach and Landfill

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Time 1 Time 2 Time 3 Time 4 Time 5

ZeroWasteLandFillNon-Recycled

Current time

z'Goz'Go sl;+u/sfsl;+u/sf] ] tl/sftl/sf

Zero Waste ApproachZero Waste Approach

nf08lkmn ;fO{6 nf08lkmn ;fO{6 tl/sftl/sfLand Fill Site Approach

Non-Recycled

Solution: Composting and RecyclingSolution: Composting and Recycling

Action MatrixAction Matrix

Ownership Developed

60% hazard reduced

70% hazard reduced

25% hazard reduced

60% Hazard reduced

Outcome

National / Local Councils

Study

Study

Incentives, Motivation, Tax exemption

Community based Initiatives

Actions

Policy Policy InterventionIntervention

Bio FuelBio Fuel

Waste to Waste to EnergyEnergy

RecyclingRecycling

CompostingCompostingMethodsMethods

Waste WaterWaste Water

Rivers polluted with Waste Water and Solid Waste

Bagmati River, Dec 2008

WW CompositionWW Composition

95% Domestic WW

5%Industrial

WW

• Population of Nepal: 25 million

• Domestic WW Discharge: 370 MLD (?)

• Industrial WW Discharge: 30 MLD (?)

Current Installed Capacity of Domestic WWT Plants:•Dhobighat (NIO)- 15 MLD

•Kodku- 1.1 MLD•Hanumanghat (NIO)- 0.4 MLD•Sallaghari (NIO)- 2.4 MLD

•Guheswori- 16.4 MLD

Industrial WWT Plant

•Hetauda Industrial District 1.0 MLD

Wetland (Reed Bed) WWT Plant

•Dhulikhel, Pokhara, Thimi,-12PlantsSource:ICIMOD/MOPE, 2000, HPCBSAIP

050

100150200250300350400

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

RW Diverted to WS

Rain Water for Cleaning

Waste Water System in KVLegendExisting WWTPProposed WWTPExisting WTPExisitng Water MainsExisting Sewage Collector Mains

Proposed Sewerage Systems

Source: Kathmandu Valley Water Supply Demonstration Project, Nov 2007 ADB/MWSDB

5. Promotion of Dry toilet Technology

Very Hh4. Waste Management at Source at HH

High3: Waste Management at neighborhood

Low2: Decentralized Package TP at outfall to rivers

Very low1: Sewage Collectors along major river with WWTP at Chobhar

Incidence of Water Borne Diseases

Options

Encroachment of river banks

Air Pollution

••Industrial EmissionIndustrial Emission••Dust PollutionDust Pollution••Road & Vehicle ConditionRoad & Vehicle Condition

Why To Pay Attention on UWM?Why To Pay Attention on UWM?

Air we breatheWater we drink

Water we use Food we eat

Bad smellBad aesthetics

Environment (S/W/A)Human Health

SW

It comes back through

Environment (S/W/A)

Global Climate

Environment (S/W/A)

Ozone LayerGlobal Climate

Water SupplyWater Resources

Directly Damages

DW

GW

LW

Waste

And brings Massive And brings Massive Health Hazard:Health Hazard:

No body is sparedNo body is spared

Wastedoesn’t

go away, It

comes back

through

Institutional Arrangement

Bottom up Approach

Bottom up Approach

GG

BB

AA

A/SA/SPPCC

Top D

own A

pproachT

op Dow

n Approach

Community NetworkingCommunity Networking ]]

RROOWW IIKK NNEE TTNN GGCommunity Based Planning and Network ExtensionCommunity Based Planning and Network Extension

National Council National Council

GG

PP CC

Recommendation• Review Past Experience and Lessons Learnt• Identify Good Practices• Review Policy and Programs• Identify Institutional Strengths• Promote Community Participation• Provide Motivation, Encouragement and

Incentives for Good Practices• Introduce Corporate and Citizens Responsibility

Encourage Enterprise Development • Accept WM at par with Infrastructure• Develop Ownership and consensus