Partnering with Sandia...Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525. SAND2019-6478...

Capability Overview

Quantum Information Sciences6.4.19

Partnering with Sandia

Ke n Pa t e l , S a n d i a N a t i o n a l L a b o r a t o r i e s

O n - C a m p u s M a n a g e r , P u r d u e U n ive r s i t y

k d p a t e l @ s a n d i a . g ov

Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-mission laboratory

managed and operated by National Technology and Engineering

Solutions of Sandia LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell

International Inc. for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National

Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525.

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SAND2019-6478 PE

mailto:[email protected]

PARTNERSHIPS AND BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT

Enhance mission delivery: develop/deploy technologies for mission delivery

Enable innovation: facilitate the flow of people and ideas to and from Sandia

Maximize public good: enhance the local and national economy

Meet DOE and legislated requirements: fulfill our M&O contractual obligation

Partnering with government, industry, and academic institutions to meet national security challenges

2

PARTNERING IS A STRATEGIC IMPERATIVE3

Drivers for a strategic alliance:

• Rapid change in technology

• Complex national security challenges

• Shortage of STEM talent

• Limited R&D funding

INCREASING TALENT EXCHANGE4

Edl Schamiloglu is a Distinguished Professor of

Electrical and Computer Engineering and

associate dean for Research in the School of

Engineering, as the Special Assistant to the

Provost for Laboratory Relations at the

University of New Mexico.

Chip White is a professor and holds the

Schneider National Chair in Transportation and

Logistics in the Stewart School of Industrial &

Systems Engineering at GT.

Faculty Liaisons facilitate the university’s institutional partnership with Sandia, serving as the

university’s local interface to Sandia staff and leadership.

• Faculty Sabbaticals

• Invited Tech Talks

• Grad Student Advisory

• Internships/Student Hires

• Visiting Researcher Programs (CINT & CRF)

Philip Varghese is the Director of the

Center for Aeromechanics Research at UT

and a professor of Aerospace Engineering

and Engineering Mechanics.

Timothée Pourpoint is an associate

professor of aeronautics and

astronautics at Purdue.

Collaboration Opportunities

MECHANISMS FOR COLLABORATION

5

Mission CampaignsProvides an agile, strategic process to bridge ST&E and mission and move intentionally from idea to impact. (5-7 years)

Grand ChallengesAddress major research challenges to develop bold solutions to important national security challenges. (3 years)

PI Driven ProjectsConduct applied research in areas directly relevant to current/anticipated missions to develop and demonstrate new capabilities and prototype new solutions. These include LDRD Proposals, Joint Publications, Filing Joint IP/Technical Advances, Commercialization Agreements. (1-3 years)

Exploratory ExpressAn agile mechanism to test and mature novel R&D ideas. (<6 months)

Funding mechanism used to foster collaborations and technical advances

MISSION CAMPAIGNS6

Mission Campaigns provide an agile, strategic process to bridge ST&E and mission and move

intentionally from idea to impact. Each limited-duration Campaign combines strong leadership

and coordination with a guiding roadmap to develop key capabilities and overcome high-risk

technical hurdles.

• Limited Lifetime (5-7 years)

• Funding ($25-40M over length of

campaign)

• Well-coordinated, strategic portfolio

of projects

FY19 MISSION CAMPIGNS:

1. Autonomy for Hypersonics (A4H)

2. Science and Technology Advancing Resilience

for Contested Space (STARCS)

3. Resilient Agile Deterrence (RAD)

MISSION CAMPAIGN: AUTONOMY FOR HYPERSONICS (A4H)7

CAMPAIGN OBJECTIVES

Research and develop autonomous technologies that will enhance hypersonics’ warfighting ability by:

• Enabling autonomous mission planning for rapid response to time-sensitive threats

• Providing intelligent, adaptive, and highly maneuverable vehicles that autonomously navigate and home in on targets

THE CHALLENGE

A4H PARTNERING OPPORTUNTIES

Proposed U.S. hypersonic

flight vehicles have limits on

their ability to operate in

contested environments with

rapidly changing

countermeasures, targets,

geopolitical constraints, and

other complicating factors.

We will leverage partnerships with universities and initiate a new Autonomy Incubator at Sandia’s Innovate

ABQ center in Albuquerque to conduct basic research and explore new, high-risk ideas and to build a

pipeline for autonomy and artificial intelligence talent.

MISSION CAMPAIGN: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ADVANCING RESILIENCE FOR CONTESTED SPACE (STARCS)

8

CAMPAIGN OBJECTIVES

STARCS seeks to establish Sandia as our nation’s leader in the development of hardened-

engineering concepts for the protection of critical systems in our space systems. The resulting

resilience will assure Sandia’s critical nonproliferation and proliferation-assessment missions—our

systems will have the resilience needed to deter attacks on these vital systems, and to operate

through any attacks that occur.

THE CHALLENGE

STARCS PARTNERING OPPORTUNTIES

Our space capabilities monitor

the proliferation of nuclear

weapons, monitor treaties, and

reduce the threat of nuclear

terrorism across the world.

However, our current space

architectures lack the

robustness mandatory for vital

warfighting capabilities,

especially given increasing

adversary strategic capabilities

in space.

STARCS will need specialists in fields including: computer information science, electrical science, materials science, radiation

effects and high energy density science. We will also draw on new and existing university relationships to pursue innovations

in software development and big data analytics and small satellite technologies.

MISSION CAMPAIGN: RESILIENT AND AGILE DETERRENCE (RAD)

9

CAMPAIGN OBJECTIVES

RAD will invest in fundamental science and predictive capabilities needed

to design and qualify innovative advanced barriers essential

to the long-term credibility and effectiveness of U.S. nuclear weapons. We will

also ensure that our nuclear deterrent is flexible and adaptable, we must

shorten our current deployment timelines and develop advanced functionality

in advance of mission need.

THE CHALLENGE

RAD PARTNERING OPPORTUNTIES

Cutting-edge technology has

always been central to the

U.S. nuclear deterrent. The rapid

pace of change on many fronts

poses a threat. Incremental

modernization of our weapons

systems is no longer sufficient to

counter the diversity of nuclear

and non-nuclear strategic threats

our adversaries are developing or

the dynamism and uncertainties

of the evolving international

security environment.

Sandia seeks collaborative projects with university partners to fuel high-risk/high-reward innovation and we need specialists

in the following fields: materials science and materials interface design; simulated environments; threats, and responses;

external environments management; and model-based design and reliability.

10 POSTDOC FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMS Attracting leading scientists and engineers

Pauli Kehayias, 2019 Truman Fellow

Mercedes Taylor 2019 Hruby Fellow

Thomas O’Connor 2019 Truman Fellow

Chen Wang2019 Hruby Fellow

Ethan Secor2018 Truman Fellow

Daniel Ruiz2018 Truman Fellow

Truman FellowshipJill Hruby Fellowship

Yiyang Li2019 Truman Fellow

Aims to develop women in the engineering

and science fields who are interested in

technical leadership careers in national

security.

Provides the opportunity for new Ph.D. scientists and engineers to pursue

independent research of their own choosing that supports Sandia’s national

security mission.

P R E S E N T E D B Y :


Overview of QIS Research at Sandia National Laboratories

Rick Muller, Manager, Quantum Initiatives

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Sandia’s history▪ July 1945: Los

Alamos creates Z Division

▪ Nonnuclear component engineering

▪ November 1, 1949: Sandia Laboratory established

OFFICIAL USE ONLY

Quantum Information Sciences is Important at the National Level13

National Quantum Initiative◦ QIS has important implications for US National and Economic Security

◦ The rest of the world is investing heavily in QIS: US cannot outspend the world.

◦ Create an all-of-government approach to coordinate US research in QIS

Bill H.R. 6227◦ Unified version of House and Senate Bills

◦ DOE ($125M/yr), NIST ($80M/yr), NSF ($50M/yr) funding

◦ Signed by POTUS 12/21/2018

◦ Authorized but not Appropriated

Opportunities:

◦ NSF: Quantum Leap Challenge Institutes call open

◦ NIST: Quantum Economic Development Consortium (QED-C) underway

◦ DOE Quantum Centers RFI out, FOA expected 2020

SNL QIS Strengths: Fabrication and Characterization14

▪ MESA Fabs: Trusted design, fabrication, packaging, testing –

underpinning Quantum Info at Sandia

▪ Silicon Fab: CMOS process, custom technologies (e.g. ion traps, Si

quantum dots, Si photonics)

▪ MicroFab: III-V compound semiconductor fab

▪ Wafer-level to die-level processing

▪ Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT): a DOE User

Facility

▪ Integration Lab: Clean room with E-beam lithography, photolithography,

deposition/etch, SEM/FIB

▪ Characterization Lab: SEM/TEM, STM, Si qubit

characterization/measurement, transport

▪ Special Capabilities:

▪ Atomic Precision Fabrication (CINT): H-lithography for ultimate scale

quantum dots and digital electronics

▪ Si Photonics: devices thru CMOS integration, cryo SiP

▪ Failure analysis: CMOS, superconducting electronics

▪ Ion Beam Laboratory: nanoImplanter

▪ Materials Science: creation/synthesis, prototyping processes,

measurements, characterization, modeling

Atomic Precision Fab @

CINT

World-first chip scale Si

photonics quantum

transceiver

Si Photonics

resonant

optical

modulator/fil

ter

World-smallest Sandia

“nanologo,” at 0.7 nm

precision.

MESA CINT

Co-location with Si foundry: industrial fab rigor, defect

reduction (function and performance), semiconductor

yield engineering - QIS program accelerator

Hole DQD

EON Trap Josephson Junction

AlNb

Nb

Anodized

Nb

SNL QIS Strengths: Expertise in Multiple Qubit Technologies

New QIS Research Projects16

sourc

e

dra

in

Island array

~40 cm

QSCOUT: Use linear ion traps

to create an open testbed to

understand DOE problems on

near-term quantum hardware.

See Dan’s talk.

FAIR-DEAL: Apply STM

lithography techniques to

explore end-of-Moore’s law

microelectronics issues.

SIGMA: Miniaturize trapped

atom inertial guidance from

laboratory scale to deployable

size.

See Shanalyn’s talk.

QPERFORMANCE:

Explore how quantum

processor performance

assessment can be

assessed and compared.

Sandia Center for Integrated Quantum SciencesThe critical bottleneck to achieving quantum goals is integration. CIQS attacks this obstacle by addressing an array of critical S&T challenges:

◦ How do we simultaneously increase qubit capacity and fidelity?◦ Can we integrate multiple qubit technologies to reap the benefits of hybrid devices?◦ What efficiencies can be achieved from vertical integration of control stacks?◦ What system engineering optimizations can enable key applications?

5 Year Vision: Integrating Ions and Photons for Science Impact◦ Build on the high fidelity and full connectivity available with trapped ions◦ Enable improved devices making use of shuttling and photonics coupling◦ Integrate chip-based photonic elements and electronics with existing physics

devices.◦ Develop algorithms and protocols to deal with connectivity limitations◦ Extend to other AMO systems such as quantum sensing with trapped atoms◦ Driven-by and impacting key science applications

Beyond 5 years:

◦ Extend capabilities to heterogeneously integrate multiple complementary quantum technologies

◦ Develop and demonstrate an agile platform for chiplets representing different computing, communications, and sensing capabilities.

MESA

CINT

Postdocs Wanted!18

Sandia has needs for postdocs in QIS:◦ Low temperature measurement

◦ Semiconductor fabrication, measurement, and modeling

◦ AMO physics

◦ Modeling of experimental QIS systems

◦ Quantum algorithms and software

Email [email protected] for more information, or search for the current open postings at http://www.sandia.gov:◦ 666828 Postdoctoral Appointee - Quantum Computing Theory (CA)

◦ 667638 Experimental Physicist - Quantum Information Science (early career)

◦ 667620 Quantum Information Science Postdoctoral Appointee

◦ 667561 Intern - Quantum Phenomena R&D Graduate Year Round

◦ 663237 Postdoctoal Appointee – Quantum Algorithms

sourc

e

dra

in

Island array


http://www.sandia.gov/



2019 QUANTUM MISSION CAMPAIGN

Mike Descour ,

Advanced Microsys t ems Group,

mrdesco@sand ia . g ov, (505) 844 9598

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WHAT IS A MISSION CAMPAIGN?20

▪ A Mission Campaign is a focused, 5-7

year internal R&D funding vehicle

▪ Essential: MC includes selected

partnerships with external

institutions

▪ Research

▪ Workforce development

▪ MC Intent: Accelerate progress from the

idea stage to program benefit in a

technical area whose theme is relevant

to Sandia’s missions.

Sandia Perspective

▪ A Mission Campaign is an opportunity to

continue or establish long-term

collaborations with Sandia

▪ Access to expert personnel and

unique resources dedicated to R&D

(e.g., MESA)

▪ Placement of students & graduates

▪ Work related to a Mission Campaign can

take place on site or at Sandia

▪ Work related to a Mission Campaign likely

to span:

▪ Fundamental scientific investigations

▪ Development of enabling

technologies

Partner Perspective

Quantum

Mission

Campaign

Sandia’s Quantum Mission Campaign is envisioned as complementary to a National

Quantum Initiative hub

MISSION CAMPAIGN KEY EVENTS21

May

June

July

August

October

Internal

survey of

ideas QIS Spotlight

Finalize

theme,

partnerships,

draft Q-MC

Prepare final

Q-MC

proposal;

due August

2019

Decision

Announce-

ment

INITIAL THOUGHTS ABOUT A QUANTUM MISSION CAMPAIGN22

Trapped

ions Photonics,

Optomechanics,

Heterogeneous

Integration (HI)

Semiconductor

qubitsPhotonics,

Optomechanics,

HI

Rydberg

atoms

Thanks to D. Luhman

▪ Work on "traditional" quantum systems. Improve current qubits and make them more robust to support

near-term applications in sensing or QIP.

▪ Likely emphasis: More technology development, engineering; less basic research

▪ Keywords: NISQ, sensing, foundry, materials, advanced QCVV

▪ Develop technologies with combined quantum hardware platforms that enable coherent transfer of

quantum information.

▪ Likely emphasis: more basic research, less engineering

▪ Keywords: hybrid quantum systems, quantum networks, secure communications

MISSION-CAMPAIGN RELATED OBJECTIVES FOR QIS SPOTLIGHT23

▪ All: Sandia/Academic Alliance discussions re: a 5-7 year quantum related strategy

▪ Identify compelling opportunities

▪ Academic Alliance representatives: share your own quantum related interests and forecasts

▪ All: Initial ideas for pairing of Academic Alliance investigators with Sandia SMEs

▪ All: Quantum “incubator” ideas; focus on exploration of novel ideas that pose high(er) technical risks

▪ All: Best practices for collaboration and interaction among all Q-MC participants

We are still finalizing the Quantum Mission Campaign theme: Your ideas can influence the final

outcome



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Quantum Information Science at CINT

Andy Mounce, CINT sc ien t i s t

25

DoE funded nano-science user center

• Free access to staff expertise and equipment for open science

• Two proposal calls per year; proposals for short-term projects are accepted continuously

• Simple 2-page proposal

• Proprietary research is possible with full-cost recovery

About CINT: Research areas:• In-Situ Characterization & Nanomechanics – Developing and

implementing world-leading capabilities to study the dynamic response of materials and nanosystems to mechanical, electrical, or other stimuli.

• Nanophotonics & Optical Nanomaterials – Synthesis, excitation, and energy transformations of optically active nanomaterials and collective or emergent electromagnetic phenomena (plasmonics, metamaterials, photonic lattices).

• Soft, Biological & Composite Nanomaterials – Synthesis, assembly, and characterization of soft, biomolecular, and composite nanomaterials that display emergent functionality.

• Quantum Materials Systems – Understanding and controlling quantum effects of nanoscale materials and their integration into systems spanning multiple length scales.

https://cint.lanl.gov

https://cint.sandia.gov

[email protected]

Center for Integrated NanoTechnologies (CINT)

http://cint.lanl.gov/

https://cint.sandia.gov/


CINT – General Capabilities26

Integration Laboratory:

9000 sq. ft. Class 100 clean room

Partnerships:

High Magnetic Field Laboratory

Los Alamos Neutron Science Center

Laboratory for Ultra Fast Materials and Optical Science

LANL and Sandia Advanced Computing Resources

Discovery Platforms:

E.x. Quantum Sensed Magnetic Resonance

- Custom, qubit based sensors for nano-scale structural and magnetic measurements

CINT – Quantum Materials: Differentiating Capabilities27

Quantum Information Science • Quantum Transport and qubits • Quantum Sensing• Focused ion implantation

Theory for Correlated Systems • Techniques for strongly correlated models • Many-body approaches• Mean-field modeling for quantum materials

Materials synthesis • Ultra-High Mobility MBE • Complex Oxide PLD• CVD Nanowire Growth

Forefront Lithography • Atomic-Precision Lithography • Nanoscale devices

CINT – Quantum Materials: Human Resources28

Mike Lilly– Lead

Q Transport/Q Sensing

Tom HarrisThermal/Elec.Transport

John RenoIII-V MBE

John NoganIntegrationLab Manager

Andy MounceQ. SensingSpin Resonance

Aiping ChenNanocompositesynthesis

Jinkyoung YooCVD nanowire& thin film

Dimitri YarotskiSpetroscopyScan Probe

Jianxin ZhuTheory

Stuart TrugmanTheory

San

dia

Lo

s A

lam

os

San

dia

Aff

ilia

tes Ed Bielejec

Ion Implant

Ezra BussmanSTMAtomic Manuf.

We PanTopological QM

Tzu-Ming LuSingle e transport O

ther - 4 technologists

- 2 CINT postdocs (+ others)- 1 UNM student

Current Work in Quantum Information Sciences29

1. Qubits in Semiconductors

2. Atomic Scale Fabrication

3. Focused Ion Beam Implantation

4. Quantum Sensing using Nitrogen Vacancies in Diamond

Quantum Dots in Semiconductors Support: Mike Lilly, Tzu-Ming Lu30

31P Donors in Si

New Platforms: Ge hole quantum dots

Harvey-Collard, et al., Nature Comm. (2017) ]

Harvey-Collard, et al., Phys. Rev. X (2018)

CINT user projects M. Pioro-Ladrarie, M. Carroll

CINT’s role:

- Fabrication of Ge devices at integration lab

- Cryogenic capabilities:

2x 50mK dilution fridge

1x 300mK 3He fridge

1x 1K pot

Several 4K Dewar ‘dipper’ probes

- Electronics and wiring for low noise measurements

- Cyrogenic amplification CINT user Dwight Luhman (Sandia)

Atomic Scale Fabrication, Support: Ezra Bussmann31

H

Si

1) Pattern Hydrogen

w/ STM tip

2) Dope with

Phosphorus

3) Add Si via Epitaxy 4) Make Device

CINT’s role:

- Make artificial atomic layer structures

- STM for material surface analysis

- Feature detection and advanced

measurement algorithms

Focused Ion Beam Implantation: Ed Bielejec32

User project with E. Bielejec, SNLL. Marseglia, et al., Optics Express (2018)

A. Sipahigil, et al., Science (2016)

T. Schroder, et al., Nat Comm. (2017)

Ion implantation into diamond pillars for color center QIS

New FIB source for low

energy/high resolution

implantation

(1) Vary dose

(2) Vary energy

(3) Vary ion species

Quantum Sensing: Andy Mounce33

Use the nitrogen vacancy center in diamond’s extreme sensitivity to magnetic fields to

measure magnetic properties of quantum materials

& currents

CINT’s role:

- Developing new ‘discovery platform’ for CINT users

- Current working with Prof. Victor Acosta (UNM)

through AA

- Working with UNM student as full time researcher at

CINT

FUNDING SOURCES34

- CINT does not supply PI’s with funding, but our resources are free for accepted user proposals

- Department of Energy Basic Energy Sciences

- Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD)

◦ Academic Alliance – up to $100k/year to SAA Professor for up to three years

◦ ACORNS – up to $80k/year to UNM Professor for up to three years

- Often looking for Postdoctoral Researchers and even Graduate Student Interns

RESEARCH NEEDS35

- Visit our website! cint.lanl.gov

- Looking for anyone interested in being a CINT user, best to have engaged CINT scientist to help write your 2 page proposal!

- If interested in any of the subjects covered in this presentation contact [email protected]



Semiconductor-Based Quantum Computing at Sandia

Steven M. R ina ld i

Manager, Dept 5226

smr ina l@sandia . g ov, (505) 844 -2153

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About our Semiconductor Qubit Program37

• A Brief Bio:• PhD in semiclassical laser theory; research activities have spanned lasers/optics, nonlinear optics, critical

infrastructure protection, cyber security, and most recently quantum computing

• Project Manager, AQUARIUS Grand Challenge LDRD, 2011-2013 (adiabatic quantum computing)

• Project Manager, Quantum Information Science & Technology (QIST), 2013-present – our portfolio of projects using quantum dots/donors in Si-MOS

• Current activities in semiconductor-based quantum computing:• P donors and dots in Si-MOS systems – electron spin qubits, hybrid donor-dot systems

• Automation of qubit tune-up (see Andy Mounce’s work)

• Cyrogenic amplifiers

• Hole spin qubits in Ge

• Coupling electron spin qubits to waveguides – information transfer, quantum networks

•Group interests: How do we make increasingly better qubits in Si-MOS systems? How do we begin coupling multiple qubits?

Keywords:

Electron spin qubits, hole spin qubits, donor-based qubits, quantum dots, Si-MOS and semiconductor qubits

CURRENT WORK IN QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCES38

• QIST – electron spins and donor nuclei in Si

− Device theory, modeling – e.g., noise models, valley splitting

− Fabrication – employing MESA as well as CINT capabilities

− Experimentation – 1- and 2-qubit operations, hybrid donor-dot qubit, understanding noise,

cyroamplification, automation, …

− Analysis – gate set tomography, fidelities, lifetimes

• Hole Spin Qubits in Strained Ge Quantum Well Heterostructures

− Develop the groundwork for hole-based single spin qubits in Ge/SiGe

− Demonstrate hole spin qubits in Ge/SiGe

− Identify dominant decoherence mechanisms for hole based qubits

• Strain in Si-Based Devices

− Evaluating strain effects in Si-based quantum devices (e.g., fab, CTE mismatches)

• Device Fabrication

− Providing fabrication services to several universities

FUNDING SOURCES39

Multiple sources over the years

◦ LDRD: two Grand Challenge LDRDS and multiple traditional LDRDs

◦ Sponsored Research (ARO): multiple projects, including most recently fab, strain modeling, QIST

Many years experience with collaborative efforts:

◦ Universities – supported multiple student PhDs, masters degrees

◦ Device fabrication

◦ CRADAs

RESEARCH NEEDS40

We are seeking to build relationships with universities

◦ Staffing opportunities – we are hiring (undergrad, PhD), particularly students with expertise in cryogenics/experimentation and theory of Si-based qubits

➢See Art Fischer, Steve Rinaldi

◦ Potential partnering opportunities – LDRDs, BAAs

◦ If you have thoughts and good ideas, let’s talk!



Trapped Ions for Quantum Computing and Atomic Clocks

Dr. Dan ie l S t i ck , d l s t i ck@sand ia . g ov

Sand ia Nat iona l Labs, Photon ic Microsys t ems Techno log y (Org 5225)

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ABOUT THE PHOTONICS MICROSYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT42

Trap design and experimental work Peter MaunzCraig HogleDaniel LobserMelissa RevelleDan StickChristopher Yale

RF EngineeringChristopher NordquistStefan Lepkowski

Trap design and fabricationMatthew BlainEd HellerCorrie HerrmannBecky LovizaJohn RembetskiPaul ResnickMESA team

Trap packagingRay HaltliDrew HollowellAnathea OrtegaTipp Jennings

GST protocolsRobin Blume-KohoutKenneth RudingerEric Nielsen

Theory SupportBrandon Ruzic Kevin YoungSetso Metodi

History

• Fabricating traps for quantum computing since 2005

• Leverage MESA and packaging facilities

• Trapping experiments since 2009

• >12 collaborations, >20 different designs

Experimental capabilities

• Calcium and Ytterbium ion trapping

• High fidelity single and two qubit gate operations

• Room temperature and cryogenic operation

• Custom electronic control system for qubit manipulation

Personnel

• Primarily AMO experimentalists, computer scientists, & fabrication/packaging engineers in department [25 people total]

• Strong collaborations with electrical engineers, QC theorists, & AMO theorists

Keywords• Ion traps, quantum computing, high voltage device

fabrication, atomic clocks, heterogeneous integration, photonics


Fiber array

to detectors

Imaging lens

Microfabricated

Ion trap

Ytterbium qubit register

Individual addressing AOM

QSCOUTQuantum Science

Open User Testbed TICTOCTrapped Ion Clock using

Technology On Chip

FUNDING SOURCES45

Sponsors Collaborators

RESEARCH NEEDS46

Collaboration opportunities▪Trap operation and

characterization, e.g. material studies of electric field noise

▪Novel uses of ion traps

▪Incorporation of enabling technologies

▪Mass spectrometry

▪QSCOUT algorithm proposals

▪Postdocs!

0

1

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

0 1000200 400 600 800 1200 1400 1600

Sequence Index

pro

bab

ilit

y

0

1

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

0 1000200 400 600 800 1200 1400 1600

Sequence Index

pro

bab

ilit

y

r0 = 10.0 µm

Capability Overview


Quantum (Atomic) Sensing at Sandia

Shana lyn Kemme

Manager, Org 05228

Atomic Opt ica l Sens ing






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Applications of Neutral Atoms

Most accurate clock:

Looses 1 s in 60 million years

NIST F1

Most sensitivity magnetometer:

Sensitivity = 0.16 fT / Hz1/2

Romalis, Princeton

Very stable gyroscope:

70 mdeg/hr bias stability

Kasevich/Chu, Stanford

◦ Atomic clocks

◦ Magnetometers

◦ Inertial sensors

◦ Q-bits for quantum information processing

QUANTUM

SENSORS

Potential Application Impact49

Navigation

Gravimetry

Non Destructive Evaluation Surface Science

Medical Imaging

Timing

Trace Chemical

Detection

Outline50

Atomic sensors

◦ Trapped Ion Atomic Clocks (Peter Schwindt)

◦ Optically Pumped Magnetometers (Peter Schwindt)

◦ Atom Interferometers (Grant Biedermann)

◦ Electric Field Sensors (Yuan-Yu Jau)

◦ Neutral Atom Quantum Computing (Grant Biedermann)

Atomic Clocks at Sandia51

Microwave atomic clocks

DARPA funded efforts◦ Chip Scale Atomic Clocks (CSAC)

◦ Developed vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs)

◦ Trapped Yb ion atomic clocks◦ Integrated Micro Primary Atomic Clock Technology (IMPACT)

◦ Atomic Clocks with Enhanced Stability (ACES)

Optical atomic clocks

Yb ion optical clocks◦ Internally funded: Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD)

◦ DARPA funded: Atomic-Photonic Integration (A-PhI)

Atomic Clocks - Commercial

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

101

102

103

10-16

10-14

10-12

10-10

10-8

10-6

10-5

10-3

10-1

101

103

105

Electrical Power Dissipated [W]

Compact

Rubidium

Fre

que

ncy I

nsta

bili

ty a

t O

ne

Da

y TCXO

MCXO

OCXO

Rubidium

Cesium

H-maser

CSAC

Better

"Battery

Operated"

Tim

ing

In

sta

bili

ty O

ve

r O

ne

Da

y [ms]

Adapted from figure by M. Garvey, Symmetricom

Quartz Crystal

Oscillators

IMPACT

This is what

Sandia is

developing

A-PhI

Atomic Frequency Reference with 171Yb+

LasersOn

Off

On

OffMicrowaves

TR

Tc

F = 0

F = 1

369 nm

935 nm

f0= 12.642 GHz

2P1/2

2S1/2

2D3/2

3D[3/2]1/2

mF = 0 mF = 1mF = -1

F’ = 1

F’ = 0

297 nm200:1 branching ratio

F = 0

F = 1

369 nm

935 nm

(repump)

f0= 12.642 GHz

2P1/2

2S1/2

2D3/2

3D[3/2]1/2

mF = 0 mF = 1mF = -1

F’ = 1

F’ = 012.6 GHz

Physics Package

Local

Oscillator

Ion

Flu

ore

scen

ce

LO Frequencyf0

Frequency

Stepping

Clock

Output

Error Signal

LO

Tuning

Loop

Control

(b)(a)

2F7/2

IMPACT Phase III Atomic Clock OperationDemonstrated potential of clock based on trapped Ytterbium ions, 171Yb+.

Full clock system operated at NIST for 49 days

Miniaturized vacuum package, 0.8 cm3

◦ Integrated RF Paul trap

◦ MEMS Yb sources

◦ Demonstrated 2 × 10-11/t1/2 instability

0.8 cm3

Vacuum

PackageEnabling New Capabilities

• GPS denied environments

• Rapid GPS acquisition

• Miniaturized platforms

Applications55

Trapped ions inherently insensitive to acceleration

Excellent timing for:

◦ Rapid GPS acquisition, and GPS denied navigation and timing

◦ Nano/pico (cube) satellites

◦ Pulsed radio and spread spectrum communications

Potential low power GPS Rb replacement

◦ Trapped ions have reduced drift

0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000

1E-17

1E-16

1E-15

1E-14

1E-13

1E-12

1E-11

1E-10

Alla

n D

evia

tio

n

Interrogation time (s)

IMPACT Yb Ion Clock: SNR = ~3

JPL Compact Hg Ion Clock

Yb Ion performance limit

TOP = 0.1 s, SNR = 100

Ion performance for a given cycle time

TC = 1 s, y(t) = 4.4e-13 / t1/2

TC = 10 s, y(t) = 1.3e-13 / t1/2

Microsemi 1000C Xtal Oscillator

Excelitas RAFS with drift removed

Drift

Optical Clock Applications

Toward GPS-denied navigation solutions, particularly in the areas of Surveillance & Reconnaissance, hypersonic vehicles, and autonomous aircraft

1 10 100 1000 10000 100000

1E-15

1E-14

1E-13

1E-12

1E-11

1E-10

1E-9

1E-8

1E-7

Tim

e L

oss

* (s

)

*No

t a

bso

lute

tim

e lo

ss, a

ssu

me

s p

erf

ect

osc

illa

tor

calli

bra

tion

.

Time (s)

Proposed Optical Clock

Chip-Scale Atomic Clock

Hydrogen Maser

Best commercial clock ($250k)

120 mW OCXO

Oscillator Size PowerTime

Loss/Day (relative)

Cost

Miniature Optical Clock 5 L 10 W 0.08 ns/day ???

Chip-scale atomic clock 16 mL 120 mW 300 ns/day ~$2,000

Hydrogen Maser 370 L 75 W .015 ns/day $250,000

Low-power OCXO 2 mL 120 mW 10,000 ns/day ~$400

TerraSAR-X and

TanDEM-X

radar satellites

Optically Pumped Magnetometers (OPMs) at Sandia57

OPMs for magnetoencephalography (MEG)

◦ National Institutes of Health

OPMs for the detection of status of capacitive discharges units (CDUs)

Development of a OPM gradiometer

◦ DARPA: Atomic Magnetometer for Biological Imaging In Earth’s Native Terrain (AMBIIENT)

Nitrogen-vacancy centers is diamond (Pauli Kehayias)

◦ High spatial resolution magnetometry

Elekta Neuromag®.

(Million-dollar shielded room sold separately)

Current Technology

University College

London, University of

Nottingham, QuSpin

Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs)

• Mature technology

– Highly sensitive, 2-3 fT / Hz1/2

– Whole head coverage (> 300 channels)

• Disadvantages

– Require cryogenic cooling

– Large and power hungry

– $$$ → ~150systems worldwide

– Fixed head size

Optically Pumped Magnetometer Potential

• Record sensitivity of 160 aT / Hz1/2 (Romalis, Princeton) arXiv:0910.2206v1 [physics.atom-ph] 12 Oct 2009

• Vast improvement in size and portability.

• Sensor closer to the source

594-Channel Sensor Performance

1 10 100

1

10

100

Se

nsitiv

ity (

fT/H

z1/2)

Frequency (Hz)

Ch 1 Ch 2 Ch 3 Ch 4

DC Slope 0.158 V/nT 0.14 V/nT 0.158 V/nT 0.228 V/nT

3 dB Bandwidth 83 Hz 85 Hz 87 Hz 86 Hz

Photon Shot Noise

Gradiometers

Magnetometers

A. P. Colombo et al., "Four-channel optically pumped atomic magnetometer for

magnetoencephalography," Optics Express, vol. 24, no. 14, pp. 15403-15416, 2016.

60The 20-Channel Array

5-sensor, 20-channel array Partially covers the left hemisphere

61

Comparison of the AEF source localization error

Position Error Moment Angle Error

SUBJ1 2.4 cm 19 °

SUBJ2 0.5 cm * 15 °

SUBJ3 1.0 cm 15 ° (+180 °)

* Poor MRI coregistration.

Auditory Evoked Magnetic Fields:

Localization

• Auditory stimulation

• 1000 Hz tone, every 1 to

1.5 s

• 456 trials

• White dot: OPM location

• Red dot: SQUID MEG location

Project OverviewGrant Biedermann, PI

Atom interferometer performance comparison63

Honeywell

HG9900

Navigation Grade

(HG9900)

Atom

Interferometry

(Lab demonstration)

Accel Bias (1σ) [ug] < 25 < 10-4

Accel SF (1σ) [PPM] < 100 < 10-4

Accel Random Walk [mg/root-Hertz] not reported, QA ~ 10 10-5

Gyro Bias (1σ) [deg/hr] < 0.003 < 7 x 10-5

Gyro SF [PPM] < 5 < 5

Gyro Random Walk (1σ) [deg / root-

hour]

< 0.002 2 x 10-6

Guiding principle of SIGMA

Target a rugged demonstrator requiring revolutionary

system advances

The message64

◦ Atom interferometers operate spectacularly well in laboratory environments

◦ Fielding is challenging in a compact form and in all but the most benign environments

◦ This stems from system reliability issues, system size, and dynamic range

SIGMA vision: more specifically65

mquans, France

70 cm

100 kg, 300 W, 50 ng/√Hz, $500k

~40 cm

Enable sub-100 ng performance in

1000x smaller package

AI COTS SIGMA prototype

SIGMA future

Volume [liters] 3,000 5 <0.3

What will it take?66

Atom interferometer physics

Acceleration →

UHV vacuum system

Control electronics

Agile & stable laser system

Custom optomechanics

25 mm

Dynamic range servo

H. J. McGuinness, et al., Appl Phys Lett 100, 011106 (2012).

• For N independent atoms, phase

uncertainty = standard quantum limit

(SQL):

Advanced sensing—entanglement

• AI precision can surpass the SQL using

an entangled state:

Challenge

First ever demonstration of entanglement-

enabled gain in an inertially-sensitive

atom interferometer

Constantin Brif, 8759

Entanglement

threshold

SNL results: Nat. Phys. 2016

672 entangled Cs atoms

SNL-demonstrated gravimeter

in this system, PRL (2012)

Atomic Sensing

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000

1E-13

1E-12

1E-11

1E-10

Alla

n D

evia

tion

Integration time, t(s)

2 x 10-11

/t

ATOM INTERFEROMETRY

ATOMIC MAGNETOMETRY FORMAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY

ATOMIC CLOCKSMaximized Precision and Stability

Minimized Volume and Power

FIELD SENSINGRydberg atom based electric field sensing

Demonstrated in-vapor E-field sensitivity better than 1 mV/(m·Hz1/2)



Simulating Quantum Computers and

Using Quantum Computers for Simulation

Andrew Baczewsk i , Quantum Computer Sc ience, adbacze@sand ia . g ov

69SAND2018-14303 O






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Quantum Computer Science at Sandia70

I work in the Quantum Computer Science group (manager, John Aidun)

◦ 10 technical staff

◦ 2 postdocs

◦ 3 student interns (2 from UNM/CQuIC)

Wide-ranging expertise

◦ Physical device modeling and experimental support

◦ Qubit characterization and performance assessment

◦ Basic quantum algorithms research

I am a computational physicist

◦ PhD in physics and EE (Michigan State, 2013)

◦ Fast methods for integral equations, accurate methods for PDEs, applications in light-matter interaction

◦ Took the leap into QIS 6 years ago, using electronic structure theory to model semiconductor spin qubits

Topic for today: simulating quantum computers and using quantum computers for simulation

Physical Device Simulation71

I am the lead developer of a device simulator, Laconic

◦ Contributors: Mitchell Brickson, Toby Jacobson, Leon Maurer, Vanita Srinivasa, and Wayne Witzel

◦ Sandia LDRD has funded a lot of this development

Features:

◦ Implements a discontinuous Galerkin discretization, stitches in semi-analytic solutions where possible

◦ Dynamical simulation capability (Jacobson, Srinivasa, Witzel)

◦ Configuration Interaction solver (Maurer and Jacobson)

◦ Spin-orbit physics and magnetic fields (Brickson)

◦ New methods for open systems (Brickson)

Analog Simulation of Strongly Correlated Materials72

We are using Laconic to develop a new hybrid approach for analog simulation of strongly correlated materials

Charge sensor is the challenging part for modeling

Approach circumvents qubit-to-fermion mapping, utilizes the very large bath Hilbert space that we typically take for granted

Funding from Sandia LDRD

Quantum Simulation for Electronic Structure Problems73

Significant fraction of DOE/NNSA supercomputers used for quantum simulation

Quantum computers achieve an exponential advantage in systematically improvable quantum simulation

Quantum Monte Carlo(Shulenburger, et al., Nano Letters 2015)

DOE/NNSA projects developing:

◦ Algorithms for machine learning, optimization, and simulation (ASCR, QAT – PI, Parekh)

◦ Near-term quantum software stack (ASCR, QCAT – PI, Sarovar)

◦ Realistic estimates of what is needed to do impactful quantum simulation (ASC, GBQC – PI, Baczewski)

Time-dependent DFT(Baczewski, et al.,

PRL 2015)

Phase estimation circuit based on qubitization framework(Babbush, et al., PRX 2018)

Research Needs74

Ample opportunity for collaboration

Physical device simulation

◦ Applications/target systems for our simulation tools

◦ New and improved discretizations, better solvers, better methods

◦ Techniques for simulating stationary and dynamical properties of interacting open quantum systems

◦ Control expertise for analog simulation project

Quantum simulation

◦ New approaches to analog or digital simulation

◦ Novel applications and use cases, e.g., hard problems, new things to compute

◦ Classical methods for simulation, hybrid quantum-classical methods, NISQ opportunities…

I’m happy to facilitate connections with other members of the Quantum Computer Science group, too



Overview of Research Areas and Opportunities including

Quantum Information Science and Engineering

Stephen Car r, PhD

75SAND2018-14303 O

Resea rch Phys ic i s tPr inc ipa l Member o f Techn ica l S t a f f

Sand ia Nat iona l Labora tor i e s

Mul t i s ca l e Fabr i ca t ion Sc ience and Techno log y Deve lopment Depar tment

Emai l : s ca r r@sand ia . g ov

Phone : ( 505) 284 -5188Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-mission laboratory





SAND2019-6216 PE

ABOUT YOURSELF76 Stephen Carr

Re s e a r c h P h y s i c i s t

P r i n c i p a l M e m b e r o f Te c h n i c a l S t a f f

S a n d i a N a t i o n a l L a b o r a t o r i e s

M u l t i s c a l e Fa b S c i e n c e & Te c h D e v D e p t

U n i v e r s i t y o f N e w M e x i c o

Re s e a r c h A s s o c i a t e P r o f e s s o r

C e n t e r f o r Q u a n t u m I n f o r m a t i o n a n d C o n t r o l ( C Q u I C )

D e p a r t m e n t o f P h y s i c s a n d A s t r o n o my

• C u r r e n t A f f i l i a t i o n s :

• P r e v i o u s A f f i l i a t i o n s : N a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e o f S t a n d a r d s a n d Te c h n o l o g y ( N I S T ) / Jo i n t Q u a n t u m I n s t i t u t e ( J Q I )

D a r t m o u t h C o l l e g e ( P h D ) , L o s A l a m o s N a t i o n a l L a b o r a t o r y ( U n d e r g r a d u a t e S u m m e r Fe l l o w s h i p )

• C u r r e n t P r o j e c t s :

• I A R PA S u p e r C a b l e s : D e v e l o p e f f i c i e n t d a t a t r a n s m i s s i o n b e t w e e n c r y o g e n i c e l e c t r i c a l a n d r o o m - t e m p o p t i c a l s i g n a l s .

• FA I R D E A L G r a n d C h a l l e n g e L D R D : S c i e n c e a n d t e c h n o l o g y o f A t o m i c - P r e c i s i o n A d v a n c e d M a n u f a c t u r i n g .

• B u i l d i n g Wo r l d - F i r s t L a s e r Re f r i g e r a t e d S e n s o r L D R D : L a s e r c o o l i n g o f s o l i d s t o o p t i c a l l y c o o l a f u n c t i o n a l p a y l o a d .

• S e e d l i n g A g i l e I n n o v a t i o n L D R D : E x p e r i m e n t a l D e m o n s t r a t i o n o f E l e c t r o m e c h a n i c a l C o n v e r s i o n o n S i l i c o nf o r E n a b l i n g D i s t r i b u t e d Q u a n t u m I n f o r m a t i o n

• Re s e a r c h A r e a s a n d I n t e r e s t s : Q u a n t u m I n f o r m a t i o n S c i e n c e a n d E n g i n e e r i n g

B e y o n d M o o r e D e v i c e s To w a r d t h e A t o m i c L i m i t

C r y o g e n i c P h y s i c s / H a r d w a r e f o r C l a s s i c a l a n d Q u a n t u m

S e n s i n g / D e t e c t i o n / Re a d o u t

P h y s i c s o f I n f o r m a t i o n H e t e r o g e n e o u s I n t e g r a t i o n

Fo u n d a t i o n s o f Q u a n t u m P h y s i c s

M i c r o / N a n o E l e c t r o O p t o M e c h a n i c a l

S y s t e m s ( M E O M S / N E O M S ) Q u a n t u m T h e r m o d y n a m i c s


Quantum Infor mat ion Sc ience

Trapped Ions

S e l f - A s s e m b l e d Q u a n t u m D o t s

So l i d -S t a t e

E l e c t r o s t a t i c a l l y -D e f i n e d Q u a n t u m D o t s a n d D o n o r s

C r y o g e n i c A m p l i f i c a t i o n a n d Q u a n t u m S t a t e R e a d o u t

Quantum Transduc t ion

Hybr id Quantum Sys t ems• C o m p l e x o p t i c s

f o r s t a t e - o f - t h e - a r t e x p e r i m e n t s .

• I n t e g r a t i o n o f m u l t i p l e e x p e r i m e n t a l c a p a b i l i t i e s / a r e a s i n c l u d i n g :

• O p t i c s

• E l e c t r o n i c s

• L a s e r s

• C r y o g e n i c s

• M i c r o f a b r i c a t i o nP h y s i c a l R e v i e w L e t t e r s

1 0 5 , 0 3 7 4 0 1 ( 2 0 1 0 )

N a t u r e S c i e n t i f i c R e p o r t s , s u b m i t t e d ( 2 0 1 9 )

I m p r o v i n g t h e R e a d o u t o f S e m i c o n d u c t i n g Q u b i t s

M a t t h e w J o n C u r r y

D i s s e r t a t i o n

D o c t o r o f P h i l o s o p h y i n P h y s i c s ( 2 0 1 9 )

U n i v e r s i t y o f N e w M e x i c o

• Quantum Frequency Conversion

• Photonic to/from Phononic

• Heterogeneous Integration

• Semiconductor Spin

• Superconducting

• Trapped Ion

• Defect/Vacancy

• Topological

• MEMS/NEMS

P h y s i c a l R e v i e w B

7 4 , 1 2 5 3 1 4 ( 2 0 0 6 )

S e e d l i n g A g i l e I n n o v a t i o n

S a n d i a N a t i o n a l L a b o r a t o r i e s

L D R D ( 2 0 1 9 )

FUNDING SOURCES78

List funding sources of current projects, if applicable- especially joint work with Sandia, other NM Universities, or other Sandia Academic Alliance Universities (UT Austin, Georgia Tech, UIUC, or Purdue).

• F u n d e d :

• P e n d i n g :

S e e d l i n g A g i l e I n n o v a t i o n L D R D : E x p e r i m e n t a l D e m o n s t r a t i o n o f E l e c t r o m e c h a n i c a l C o n v e r s i o n o n S i l i c o nf o r E n a b l i n g D i s t r i b u t e d Q u a n t u m I n f o r m a t i o n

G o a l : E x p e r i m e n t a l l y d e m o n s t r a t e e l e c t r o m e c h a n i c a l t r a n s d u c t i o n , f r o m a m i c r o w a v e e l e c t r i c a l s i g n a l t o a m i c r o w a v e a c o u s t i c s i g n a l , o n a n d i n t o s i l i c o n ( a s t a n d a r d m a t e r i a l f o r q u b i t s a t S a n d i a ) .

• D O E A S C R p r o p o s a l f o r Tr a n s p a r e n t O p t i c a l Q u a n t u m N e t w o r k s f o r D i s t r i b u t e d S c i e n c e

• S a n d i a N a t i o n a l S e c u r i t y P r o g r a m s L D R D o n m e t h o d s t o e n a b l e d i s t r i b u t e d q u a n t u m i n f o r m a t i o n s c i e n c e

• S a n d i a G l o b a l S e c u r i t y L D R D o n n o v e l m e t h o d s f o r t h e d e t e c t i o n o f g a m m a - r a y r a d i a t i o n

• S a n d i a G l o b a l S e c u r i t y L D R D o n i m p r ov i n g t h e e f f i c i e n c y a n d d y n a m i c r a n g e o f g a m m a - r a y d e t e c t i o n

RESEARCH NEEDS79

Describe any gaps or new directions that would benefit from collaboration.

• S u m m a r y o f Re c e n t V i s i t s t o S a n d i a A c a d e m i c A l l i a n c e U n i v e r s i t i e s :

• P u r d u e i n D e c e m b e r 2 0 1 8 : K e n Pa t e l , M i k e M a n f r a , Z u b i n Ja c o b, Yo n g C h e n , N e i l D i l l e y, To n g c a n g L i ,

• G e o r g i a Te c h i n Ja n u a r y 2 0 1 9 : Re b e c c a H o r t o n , Jo h n C r e s s l e r , C o l i n Pa r k e r , C h a n d r a R a m a n

• U T- Au s t i n i n ? 2 0 ? ? : C o n t e m p l a t e d v i s i t i n J a n u a r y 2 0 1 9 , m a y t r y a g a i n i n t h e n e a r f u t u r e

• U I U C i n ? 2 0 ? ? : N o t y e t a t t e m p t e d b u t o p e n t o t h e i d e a

C h e n - L u n g H u n g , M a h d i H o s s e i n i

Q u a n t u m I n f o r m a t i o n S c i e n c e a n d E n g i n e e r i n g

I n t e g r a t e d M i c r o f a b r i c a t i o n o f Q u a n t u m D e v i c e s

Q u a n t u m H a r d w a r e a n d Tr a n s d u c t i o n

D i s t r i b u t e d Q u a n t u m

I n f o r m a t i o n S c i e n c e

H y b r i d Q u a n t u m S y s t e m s

Q u a n t u m C o m mu n i c a t i o n

Q u a n t u m S e n s i n g

Partnering with Sandia...Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525. SAND2019-6478...

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