Partner Training 1

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Partner Training 1Small Cities Climate Action Partnership (SCCAP) Innovator Pilot

SCCAP is a program of Strategic Energy InnovationsPG&E refers to Pacific Gas and Electric Company. A subsidiary of PG&E Corporation. 2012 Pacific Gas and Electric Company. All rights reserved.


1Workshop Agenda



Welcome everyone Provide overview of Agenda for dayMention goalsSome information about energy managementDiscussion about what is needed in your cities.2IntroductionsSEI teamCity StaffWarm-up DiscussionWhat role does energy play in your city?


Introductions: Before we get started want to establish a baselinePlease introduce yourself, the City you represent, the job you do and provide one example of, or issue associated with energy management that stands out in your mind.

3Unit 1: Energy Management



4Energy ManagementHas traditionally meant:Utility bill tracking, monitoring, and verifyingReplacing aging inefficient equipment w/new higher efficiency equipmentImproving control and modifying behaviorParticipating in utility rebate programsRaising energy awareness


Brief overview of what energy management means and intends to accomplish[Examples of energy management activities / tools etc they may have used in the past.]

5Energy ManagementHas not been important traditionally becauseEnergy costs were lowTools and resources were out of reach for most small citiesUtility bill M&V were expensive and labor intensiveIs important because:Savings can equal or exceed costs in the long runIncreases comfort/reduces emissionsMeets long-term goals


[why has energy management been neglected (low costs for energy etc.) Why would we now want to be focusing more on it?

6Energy ManagementGreen Buildings can have significant resource conservation benefitsEnergy Management is essential to realizing these benefits

7Source: USGBC.org


7

Energy ManagementImpacts from historical Investment in Energy Efficiency in California versus US as a whole

http://www.energy.ca.gov/2007_energypolicy/


8Energy Management is EvolvingIncreasing Availability of Cost-effective energy toolsDistributed generation On-site, grid-tied power generation Electric and hybrid electric vehiclesLight-emitting-diodes (LED)Nest Thermostat

www.nest.com/http://www.energysavers.gov/your_home/space_heating_cooling/index.cfm/mytopic=12630


Solar PV, small wind, fuel cells. We are on the cusp of a solar revolution including solar thermal, building integrated, passive design. All major car manufacturers in the world are offering plug-in hybrids, check out the cree [????] website for next generation LEDs available now. The mini-split heat pump saved my marriage. These 21st century technologies are very sophisticated, and broad public sector use of them requires a high degree of interconnectivity to function well. Do you have your finger on the trigger of energy projects for your city? Do you call the shots on how the renovation money gets spent? Can you get grants for energy management/renewables. If your answer is yesthat my friendsis a big responsibility and a golden opportunity.

http://www.nrel.gov/data/pix/Jpegs/03259.jpg



http://www.usatoday.com/tech/columnist/edwardbaig/story/2011-10-25/nest-thermostat-review/50917506/19Energy Management is EvolvingCustomers have more choice for supply purchaseElectricity and natural gas utility deregulation/restructuring (e.g., ABAG Power Pool)Self-generationIndependent commodity providersOther supply options Having more choices can thus increase the effort needed to manage those choices to ensure positive outcomes.


Why do customers want choice? Are they dissatisfied with current services? Why? How many customers want to have power in their own hands versus having someone take care of that for them? Who are the alternate suppliers and whats their angle? [where are we going with this?][talk briefly about those choices and pros and cons?]With Choice comes a need to analyze choices, and this brings us back to energy management10Energy Management is EvolvingEnergy management is increasingly green orientedClimate change mandates are driving energy management decisions and green product offerings from utilitiesEnergy management is no longer just about cost savings, but also about greenhouse gas emissions reductionsEnergy management alignswith goals of Climate Action Plans or Energy Action Plans


Review of legislation and how that drives energy managementAB32SB375??? Name of legislation requiring energy audits of commercial buildings.This is driving energy management as well.11Energy Management is EvolvingMunicipal infrastructure investments may benefit from change:Role decision analysis (analysis paralysis)Role of long-range planning Potential for revenue generation and reinvestment of savings


How we approach/think about investments

Role decision analysis (analysis paralysis): barrage of proposals for untrained city planners

Role of long-range planning : energy plan

Potential for revenue generation and reinvestment of savings : multiply savings12Agents of Change: Emerging Tools for Municipal Energy ManagementThe internet is taking on a larger role in energy managementWireless technology, miniaturization, and remote control of equipment are more common

http://greenfrog.typepad.com/weblog/2011/04/energy-efficiency-world-gathers-in-santa-barbara-for-summit-and-sheds-light-on-opportunities-to-make.html


Is this a good video for the slide?

To drill this point home we want to touch on how internet connectivity is key to energy functionality in coming yearsWorking for the lab: This is your God [clarify please]Almost everyone in this room is connected all day long. Solar orientation and sizing optimization. [clarify please]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uBdO7N88o98 [hyperlink in picture on slide]

Example of wireless HVAC controls for San Pablo

13Agents of Change: Greater Access to Your DataUtilities are becoming more interactive with customersOnline information (especially time of use ([TOU], real-time data) could help people to manage their energy use and lifestyle New rate structures (e.g., TOU & real-time rates)Electronic-billing (e-billing) and access to usage dataGreen ButtonCustomers empowered to make sophisticated energy decisions Conservationenergy efficiency,distributed generation, andLoad shedding (demand response)


[can you outline in notes some of the discussion points here on how this the impacts on energy management and city staff]14Agents of Change: FinancingNew financing tools also relate to energy managementOn-Bill FinancingPACE (Property Assessed Clean Energy)PPA (Power Purchase Agreements)CREB (Clean Renewable Energy Bonds)ESCO (Energy Service Company)FiT (Feed-in Tariff)


[probably need to break this out more specifically for sake of PGE manager request. Any thoughts here?]

PACE: Property Assessed - Just needs a mention, as municipalities cannot apply for these.PPAs: Power Purchase AgreementsCREBESCO

Any others?

15What This Means for Small CitiesMore complexity? A good clear understanding through proper education is keyKnowing whats coming helps you to prepare but who has a crystal ball?Potential Benefits:Better control of systems means lower costs and increased comfortGreater energy independenceCleaner airPotential new revenue streams21st century workspace


16What This Means for Small CitiesEnergy management will always take some work Need to clearly define goals and roles to manage your energySelf-empowerment and cooperation with the utility? PG&E says:

Were In This Together

www.pge.com


its about socialization of the system and everyone participating.

This is from PGE brochere this is a great approach. The idea of the smart grid as something that were in togeter is empowering for customers have been getting power from PGE17Unit 2: Energy Fundamentals



18Generally really clear section. May need a bit more on each of the two gen/trans/dist -

Also what about sources of energy (power mix) and decoupling as topics that are relevant here?Power Mix

U.S. Primary Energy Flow by Source and Sector, 2009U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 2009



19Power MixRenewable vs. Non-renewable powerClimate Neutral power


Renewable: inexhaustible

Is renewable always clean?

Is carbon neutral always clean?

Take off climate neutral20Overview of Electricity Generation, Transmission, and Distribution ProcessGENERATIONTRANSMISSIONDISTRIBUTIONLOAD

Power is produced at 13,000 - 22,000 VoltsThen stepped-up for LongDistance Transmission to 230,000 to 500,000 VoltsStep-down transformers bring voltage levels backdown to sub-transmissionvoltage levels @ 66 - 115 kVSecondary service andPrimary Distribution are provided at 4, 12, 16 & 33kVLocal Distribution transformers provide 115 - 230V to residenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_grid


There are losses at each stage: Generation 100% energy comes in lets say in the form of coalat best the powerplant converts thirty to fifty percent to usable electricity, then there are 8% losses at transmission and distribution. [More on details of each stage Im guessing these folks could use some basic info on this process and why losses occur][Maybe something on history of grid and its lack of smarts Why is the grid NOT Smart nowwhat will make the system smarter? How is this beneficial.]

[Im not sure about this part below I think we need to stick to the explanation of the system and cut back on the self-reliance which is as you say a philosophical point and not one were here to advocate for or against]. This is one reason that distributed generation is so compelling. The power is produced and used at the source. This is an area of great philosophic and practical importanceis the system centralized or distributed? Are individuals completely reliant on the corporation (govt, big business)or are they self-reliant and enabled? Can be extended to all aspects of lifedo you grow any of your own food? Do you rely on prepared foods and and pharmaceuticals? Can you fix things when they break? If you were stranded on a desert island would you be toast?

[where does this belong?]Feed-in tariffs

21The Electricity GridLinks power plants to load centersLinks transmission lines togetherPower is pooled in the transmission system, and each distribution system draws from the poolSystem has diversity of sources150 computerized control centers to dispatch generators as needed

An electron is an electron!http://www.eoearth.org/article/Smart_grid


Matching supply with demand

Transmission lines run not only from power plants to load centers but also from transmission line to transmission line, providing a redundant system that helps ensure the smooth flow of power.

If a transmission line is taken out of service in one part of the power grid, the power can usually be rerouted through other power lines to continue delivering power to customers.

In essence, the power from many power plants is "pooled" in the transmission system, and each distribution system draws from this pool. This networked system helps achieve a high reliability for power delivery because any one power plant that shuts down will only constitute a fraction of the power being delivered by the grid.

One result of power pooling is that the electricity drawn off the grid always comes from a diversity of power sources, which may include coal, nuclear, natural gas, oil, and renewable energy sources such as hydropower, biomass, wind, and solar power. This is often referred to as "system power" because it is the standard power mixture that supplies the transmission system. There are financial and contractual means of tying an individual generating source, such as a wind farm, with an individual user in a meaningful way, but it is still true that the electricity one draws from the grid is always system power.22Natural Gas: Status electrical and non-electrical uses

Source: California Energy Commission40-50% of electricity in PG&E territory is derived from NG


Today, natural gas is a vital component of the world's supply of energy. Natural gas currently supplies more than one-half of the energy consumed by residential and commercial customers, and about 41 percent of the energy used by U.S. industry. It is one of the cleanest, safest, and most useful of all energy sources.Ninety-nine percent of the natural gas used in the United States comes from North America. Because natural gas is the cleanest burning fossil fuel, it is playing an increasing role in helping to attain national goals of a cleaner environment, energy security and a more competitive economy. The two million-mile underground natural gas delivery system has an outstanding safety record, barring recent tragedies in San BrunoAs this 2004 edition of the APGA History Highlights goes to print, liquefied natural gas (LNG) is beginning to play a more prominent role in the overall gas supply picture. Although about one percent of the natural gas consumed in this country is currently imported as LNG, it is estimated that our nation's imports of LNG will grow to approximately 7 or 8% by the end of this decade. This will require more than the four LNG facilities that currently exist.23Natural Gas: Process

http://www.tva.gov/power/images/


24Overview of Gas Generation, Transmission, and Distribution ProcessLike the electricity system the NG system has losses and inefficiencies throughout and can have disastrous consequences


[As I noted earlier not sure we want to focus on the explosion is this really a major point about NG distribution we want folks to walk away with? What else can we say I have slides that provide some more info.]25How We Use Energy



26Overview of Demand and Energy

Demand isFour 250 Watt computersturned on and drawing 1000 Watts or 1 kiloWatt (1kW)250 Watts250 Watts250 Watts250 Watts


27Overview of Demand and Energy

Demand x Time = Energy usage1kW x 12hours = 12kWhEnergy is the measure of demand (kW) and time (hours) and is expressed in kilowatt-hours (kWh).You can view your total energy usage over the day in the form of a load curve.


28Overview of Municipal Load Profile


Load profiles are very useful and informative, You can see in this diagram how loads stack on each other throughout a day.Your load profile can really help you understand your energy usesfor example, why are there security lights on during the day? Faulty sensors perhaps?Is there a large enough difference between plug load during the night time? Could Ventilation and Air Conditioning be reduce more after hours? 29Overview of Supply and Demand24 Hour Day Midnight Noon MidnightLOAD in MW (Demand)Peak PeriodHydroGeothermalNatural GasNote: Utility time-of-use rates reflect hourly cost of power.Oil/Spot MarketOffPeakOffPeakNuclearPrice of Powerwww.pge.com


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F2nbWzTNy1Ehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Foj9Z4I_PJ0&feature=related

Watch the youtube video30Quiz Time!Name some ways that energy management is evolving.What are some reasons why small cities might be invested in energy management?If you have a 100 kW motor that runs for 2 hours every day (7 days a week), how much energy does it consume in one week?What is the demand of your motor?How much electricity is lost in transmission and distribution in the current electric system?What are the 2 municipal energy end-uses that account for the most electricity consumption? How about for natural gas?What are some examples of distributed generation?Name two load-shifting activities to reduce peak demand.


Unit 3: Utility Bills and Energy Management Tools



32This section seems the most like it is still just our notes on topics from the outline not much about those topics themselves. Need to address topics as appropriate in slides. Utility PricingConventional Utility Pricing Profit based on how much is sold Rates based on cost of service plus profit margin Energy efficiency is a disincentiveDecoupling Separates fixed costs/profit margin from volume of sales Slight rate increase to adjust for reduced volume (2-3%) New power plant costs not passed on to consumer California: 1982, 2001 Every $1 invested by utilities in EE = $2 customer savings


In 1982, California became the first state to decouple utility revenue from sales and removed disincentives for energy efficiency and conservation. The program reduced rate volatility.

In 1996, however, the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) concluded that deregulating the utilities would be a better alternative to decoupling and the legislature subsequently adopted most of the recommendations and the utilities became deregulated. Under the bill, the utilities' rates were no longer regulated by the CPUC and instead the utilities would competeon the open marketwith otherenergysellers. The results were

In their haste to cash out, two of the state's biggest utilities sold off too much of their generating capacity, leaving them with too little of their own existing energy supply. As a result, after a hot summer and a cold winter, the utilities were left at the mercy of independent producers who had acquired the generating capacity and could manipulate the wholesale market. Demand quickly ate up the cheap wholesale supply of energy and companies like Duke Energy, Reliant of Texas, and Enron made a killing selling power at high rates to the companies that had just sold them their generators.

And, California is just one of many states to have disastrous experiences with deregulation. Deregulation has not delivered energy savings and has often undermined state programs, as in California, that were promoting energy conservation.

After the mass electricity shortages in 2000 and 2001, California re-adopted decoupling in a groundbreaking energy-efficiency campaign that includes two billion dollars of approved investments in efficiency from 2006 to 2008. Every dollar invested by the utilities in efficiency measures have generated more than two dollars in savings for customers.

5 other states with de-coupling33Electricity Rates ExplainedRate schedulesTime of Use (TOU)Peak Day PricingDemand meteringSeasonal and tiered rates

www.pge.com


Rates handouts with this slide

[This is an example of where the outline is being too literally translated into the actual training content - what would a rate schedule overview look like here, rather than just saying "rate schedule overview. I still dont see where the actual content is coming in are you planning on a handout?]

Rates are supposed to be developed to be: fair, that is that there isnt cross subsidy across rate classes (residential, commercial, industrial), that reflect the usage characteristics of the customer class, that are easy to understand, to allow the public utility to collect enough revenue to cover costs and meet the profit margins allowed by the governing entity (CPUC). 21st Century rate making, influenced by Smart Grid technology, is heading toward a temporal system whereby charges are directly related to the costs to produce the power at a particular time. This is both seasonal and temporal. What do you think of this idea? 34Bill Paying ProcessPaper bills versus electronic billsBill consolidatorsDiscussion about payment processAre bills reviewed? Do energy users ever see the bill?What would it take to change this process? Pros and ConsNeeded changes


Although we are moving towards a more electronic system for energy, for now paper bills are still very commonPG&E has different ways of providing information (SAID, Account numbers) As of today things are not all the same in every place (Paper bills vs electronic bills have different information)this is the twenty-first centuryWhat is a bill consolidator?For natural gas service, for example, the city purchase the commodity from an alternate supplier but PG&E provides the delivery and metering. In this case, PG&E may bill for the alternate supplier so that the City still sees only one bill. [explain why this matters to the city]How you as an organization pay your bills can have a big impact on your ability to manage your energyIn many cities, the only department who looks at bills is accounting, their only responsibility generally is to pay them on time. It is unlikely that someone will check for errors, or notice if the rate schedule is incorrect, or even if you are paying for a meter that is no longer active.Lets talk about your bill payment processWhat would it take to change this process in your city?What are the pros and cons of making this changeWhat steps would need to happen to make change.35Rate OptimizationWhat is rate optimization?The importance of being on the right rate scheduleTools and resources to conduct rate optimizationAlbany Child Care Center case study


Rate optimization is [please define a bit here][Examples of rate optimization failures and benefits of rate optimization]There are Tools you can access to make sure you are getting the correct rates for your needs.PG&E has been known to perform rate optimization studies for customers at no additional charge. Interval data (15-minute, 30-minute or hourly usage data) is needed if considering TOU rates[what does interval data mean and how would they get it?][how important will rate optimization be if we move to 100% TOU?With interval data and say hourly solar pv production data detailed analyses can be performed for sizing and optimization of DG systems [solar is not relevant to rate optimiization doesnt belong here][What is key about Albany ChildCare Center project from a rate optimization perspective???]36Rate OptWhy A10?Whats Different?Automation


Why was this building on the A10 rate? Insert notes. Comparison of A10 and A1Discuss case?

Shows potential savings for getting on the correct rate.SCCAP Team (or maybe Chrissy) can mention that PG&E will provide free rate optimization37Energy Management ToolsGHG inventoriesClimate Action PlanCost trackingProject trackingDiscovering billing mistakesRate analysisAwards Identifying future projectsDecision analysis


Energy Management Tools Comparison




Energy Management Tools


Kif: The Support Team would be more adept at preparing the notes and slides for this section

Flow-chart handouts for the tools

Maybe break this into more slides to go with handouts/each tool42Pacific Gas and Electric, Co. Tools

http://www.pge.com/


Pacific Gas and Electric, Co. Toolshttp://www.pge.com/mybusiness/environment/whatyoucando/greencommunities/ http://www.pge.com/mybusiness/myaccount/myaccount/http://www.pge.com/greenbutton/


Pacific Gas and Electric, Co. Toolshttp://www.pge.com/mybusiness/environment/whatyoucando/greencommunities/


Portfolio Managerhttps://www.energystar.gov/istar/pmpam/


EnergyCAP Expresshttp://www.energycap.com/products/energycap-express


Municipal Energy Planning Tool


Energy Management Tools Discussion


Unit 4: Wrap-up



50Provide more guidance on the previews and then structure the feedback so it's in 2 parts. See minor changes. Preview of Training 2ObjectivesPartners will understand benchmarking and how to upload and update energy use data.Partners will be shown common errors in order to identify data anomalies.Partners will be taught how to compare the performance of their buildings to average buildings and to similar buildings.Partners will learn about common reporting functions TopicsIntroduction to energy monitoring softwareIdentifying data anomalies Comparing buildingsIdentifying savings opportunitiesModel Energy Monitoring Policies and Procedures Report.


51Preview of Training 3ObjectivesHow to sustain energy management functionsPartners will review outcomes and identify next steps Receive project materials and energy management tools, understand how they are organized, and be able to explain the materials to future stakeholders (e.g., interns, other city staff that take over energy management activities)Partners will understand necessary and ideal tasks to complete each monthTopicsPreparing for transitionIdentification of ongoing energy management tasksEnergy Action PlanFinancing mechanisms for the long term including On Bill Financing and recommendations from the Reinvestment Mechanism Summary Report


52Training 1 Wrap-upFeedbackWhat parts of todays training were effective?How could future trainings be more effective?What was the most interesting thing you learned today?ExtensionsWould you like follow-up information on any of the content presented today?Would you like to have brown-bag sessions on subjects of interest between trainings?


Discussion of outcomes and next steps from Training 1Make sure to get information on what they want to be shared out to others53Thank YouFrank Di MassaNick HeinLiz Jones



54ToolFacility DataEnergy Account Energy Use Renewable Energy GenerationGreenhouse Gas Emissions Energy Star Eligibility Rate or Bill AnalysisFinancial MetricsProject TrackingCustomer SupportUser FriendlinessAutomatic Data UploadData ManipulationCustomizationAutomatic Reporting

Paper Bills

PG&E Green Communities Data Portal

PG&E Business Tools

PG&E My Energy

PG&E Green Button

Portfolio Manager

PG&E ABS

Energy CAP Express

Municipal Energy Planning Tool

Excel

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