Particulates Nation's Cleanest Cities Nation's Cleanest Cities.
PARTICULATES WP 500
description
Transcript of PARTICULATES WP 500
-
PARTICULATESWP 500EMPA contribution
WP 550 Investigation of sub-zero cold start effects
-
Tested vehiclesGasoline:Renault Mgane, 1.6 16VAlfa 147, 2.0 TS 16 VToyota Avensis (direct injected)
Diesel:Ford Galaxy, 1.9 TDPeugeot 406, 2.0 HDI/FAP (particle trap)
-
Test ProgrammeTest cycles:CADC (urban, road, highway) - warm startsACU - cold startsNEDC (+23 C only) 50 km/h, 10 minutes120 km/h, 10 minutesTemperatures: -20C, -7C, and 23CLube oil temperatures for warm start: > 90CTests per configuration: 2-3Fuel: Gasoline: Artemis (~33 ppm S)Diesel: Particulates D4 (~8 ppm S)
-
InstrumentationWet branchCPC/SMPS (TSI 3022)DC (Matter LQ1)Impactor (Dekati DGI)Dry branchELPI (w/o filter stage)CPC (TSI 3022A)CVSfilter sampling for gravimetric analysisChemical analysisSOF-INSOF: 57 filter pairs (from CVS)PAH: 58 filter pairs (from CVS) (U. Stockholm)
-
Set-upELPIEMPACPC358EMPACPC358EMPAPrimary DiluterDGIDekatiVolumeGasdetectorEMPA external pump0.28 lpmpump 2.69 lpmpump 0.32 lpmpump 2.09 lpmDCEMPAInjector 2664 Injector 3EMPA TDDekatiInjector 1Palas DMAEMPAGasdetectorEMPA
-
Tested vehiclesSet-Up
-
Porous tube - dilution ratioACU (first 900 s)10 HzDR as determined by CO2 conc.
-
Porous tube - dilution ratioACU10 Hz Renault Mgane, 1.6 16VGasoline
-
Porous tube - dilution ratioACUFord Galaxy 1.9 TDDiesel10 Hz
-
Pressure ACURenault Mgane, 1.6 16V Gasoline
-
Pressure ACUFord Galaxy, 1.9 TD Diesel
-
Porous tube - dilution ratioCADCRenault Mgane, 1.6 16VGasoline
-
Porous tube - dilution ratioCADCFord Galaxy, 1.9 TD Diesel
-
Pressure CADC
-
accumulated % over ACU-20C
-
accumulated % over CADC-20C
-
CADC Renault Mgane, Gasoline23C-7C-20Csingle test runs
-
CADC Ford Galaxy, Diesel single test runs
-
120 km/h Renault Mgane, Gasoline
-
120 km/h Renault Mgane, Gasoline
-
Ford Galaxy, Diesel120 km/h
-
Ford Galaxy, Diesel120 km/h
-
Gravimetry CVS for ACURenault Mgane, 1.6 16V GasolineBag 1Bag 2Bag 3
-
Gravimetry CVS for ACUFord Galaxy, 1.9 TD Diesel
-
DGI - ACU-20C-7C23C Renault Mgane, 1.6 16VGasoline
-
DGI - ACU-20C-7C23C Ford Galaxy, 1.9 TD Diesel
-
Closing remarks:dilution ratio not stableweak sensitivity of DC for nucleationtemperature effect seems not always consistinggasoline: strong effect of cold start temperature no effect for steady statesdiesel: almost no effect on temperature at allnucleation only for gasoline at cold starts and high speeds
-
Conclusions (3/4)