Characterisation of Medipix3 Silicon Detectors in a Charged-Particle ...
Particle Technology and Characterisation
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Transcript of Particle Technology and Characterisation
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Particle TechnologyProfessor Richard [email protected]
Watch this lecture at http://www.vimeo.com/9936959.
Also visit; http://www.midlandit.co.uk/particletechnology.htm
for further resources.
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Format
1 Lecture per week, 1 Problem Class – tutorials & self
study 1 hour on: Moodle/Learn – tutorials &
self study Laboratories (oral, report &
experimental) Two hour exam (75% module mark)
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Exam
Two hour exam 3 questions from 5 Question 1 obligatory PSD Previous answers old papers on
Learn Tutorial problems (& book on:
www.particles.org.uk)
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Lecture topics
Particles & Characterisation Dilute particulate systems Hindered systems Fluid flow in porous
media/Fluidisation Filtration
Membranes & colloids
Emulsions, surfaces & dispersions
Centrifugal separation
Two phase flow, rheology & powders
Gas cleaning Comminution &
mixing
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Problem Classes
See: http://learn.lboro.ac.uk/ www.particles.org.uk References:
• 614.83 , 620.43, 621.54, 660.283 & 660.2842
• Coulson & Richardson Vol 2; • Fundamentals of Particle Tech – free pdf
book • Rhodes, Introduction to Particle
Technology
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Particles & Characterisation
Introduction to Particle Technology Equivalent spherical diameters Shape factors Specific surface area Size ranges and grades Normalised distributions Particle size analysis
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What is Particle Technology?
Study, characterisation, prediction of properties during the processing of particle dispersions ranging down to sub-microscopic material. It is the extension of mechanics (fluids and solids) into particle containing systems. The term 'particles' includes liquid emulsions, drops, foams, oils, dusts, bubbles, fogs, etc…
N.B. The definition of a micron, andhuman hair is 70 microns,blood cells are 8 microns,bacteria are bigger than 0.2 microns- all are particles
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What’s the problem?
Viscosity Density Molecular size Heat capacity Flow regime Easy to define for a fluid How do these change with particles?
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Equivalent spherical diameters
To equate some property of the irregular shaped particle to a sphere with the same property, e.g. same volume as particle:Has the same
volume as a sphere - hence:
3
6 VxV
Note use of x for diameter.
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Equivalent spherical diameters
It is possible to measure volume of a particle by displacement, or electrical resistance of suspension, and equate to that of sphere of same volume.
Some other equivalences include projected area, surface area and mass 2
4 Ap xA
2SAS xA 3
6Mass Vx
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Shape factors
Volume of a sphere:
Hence volume shape factor is:
The volume shape factor for a cube is?
3
6 VxV
6
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Specific surface
Specific surface area per unit volume - usually abbreviated to specific surface is the surface area over volume:
Hence Sv=6/x as is commonly used.
Use density to convert to SMASS
3
2
6x
xSv
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Size ranges and grades
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Size ranges and grades
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Size ranges and grades
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Normalised distributions
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Normalised distributions
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Normalised distributions
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Normalised distributions
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Normalised distributions
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Normalised distributions
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Normalised distributions
N (x)3n (x)3
P artic le d iam eterP artic le d iam eter00
x m axxm ax
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Normalised distributions
0
50
100 %
1 10 100 1000
Particle diam eter, m .
MALVERN
Clarcel/calcite suspension
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Normalised distributions
18816214012110489.977.566.957.749.842.937.13227.623.820.5
10010010010010010099.999.799.699.498.897.394.791.58884.
0000000.10.20.10.20.61.52.63.23.53.8
17.715.313.211.49.88.57.36.35.44.74.13.532.62.21.9
79.874.167.460.553.446.138.8322620.715.811.57.95.33.82.4
4.45.76.76.97.17.37.36.865.34.933.62.61.51.4
Size Sizem icrons m icronsunder under
% %in band in band
Median size 9.2 m
Specific surface: 0.944x105 m-1
Sauter mean diameter: 6.4 m
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Normalised distributions
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Particle size analysis
All techniques measure property and relate it to the equivalent spherical diameter.
Select your technique to be the most appropriate for the end use of the data.
The Coulter Counter
The image above is provided by Beatop (OMEC) Instruments Limited. As found at Beatop (OMEC) Instruments Limited http://www.beatop.com/Particle_Counter/principle_illustration.html
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Particle size analysis
Malvern Sedimentation/Sedigraph
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Particle size analysis
0
20
40
60
80
100 C
um
ula
tiv
e m
ass
un
de
rsiz
e,
%.
1 10 100
Particle diameter, m icrons.
Median sizes:laser diffraction 19.8Coulter 13.5sedim entation 18.5
laser d iffraction sed im en ta tion C oulter
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Summary
Equivalent spherical diameters Shape factors Specific surface area Size ranges and grades Normalised distributions Particle size analysis
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Particle Tech Labs
Think design not laboratory Problem given by boss Might use Perry, C&R 6, etc. But lab exp to check model,
equations… Model could be good, just your
material… Report to boss ‘model no good’ is
NOT GOOD ENOUGH, so what – we still need it
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Particle Tech Labs
So, design is it over or under? Does dodgy model matter? How to improve MODEL, not
experiment 2nd week, you tell us what you want
to do Repeating experiments only checks
on reproducibility of experiment, nothing else
Data analysis – assume data until known
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Particle Tech Labs
References, use Harvard system and minus 6 marks for a Bibliography rather than a Reference section – minus 4 for no references at all. For example,
Bloggs, F., 2008, An anti-gravity machine, Journal of Good Ideas, 123, pp 22-33.
Orals: use PICTURES, do NOT derive equations. Do show flow diagram, etc.
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This resource was created by Loughborough University and released as an open educational resource through the Open Engineering Resources project of the HE Academy Engineering Subject Centre. The Open Engineering Resources project was funded by HEFCE and part of the JISC/HE Academy UKOER programme.
© 2009 Loughborough University
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 License.
The name of Loughborough University, and the Loughborough University logo are the name and registered marks of the Loughborough University. To the fullest extent permitted by law the Loughborough University reserves all its rights in its name and marks, which may not be used except with its written permission.
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The HEA logo is owned by the Higher Education Academy Limited may be freely distributed and copied for educational purposes only, provided that appropriate acknowledgement is given to the Higher Education Academy as the copyright holder and original publisher.