For office use only

Participatory Rural Appraisal Report of

Magarwadi Village, Tal. Pandharpur, Dist. Solapur

Summarized by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mohol

Solapur - 413002, M.S.

2012-13

KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA, MOHOL

CONTENTS

Sr. No. Content

1 Introduction

2 Bench mark survey

Climate and Land Holding Pattern

Soil Type and Soil and water conservation structures

Irrigation/ water Source

Natural Vegetation

Cropping Pattern

3 PRA

Village map

Social map

Soil Map and Village Transect

Time line

Trend analysis

Matrix ranking

Venn diagram

List Of Participated Farmers in PRA

4 SWOT and POIN Analysis

5 Seasonability

6 Major Cropping Pattern

7 Problem Cause Diagram

8 Farmers – Scientist interaction for action plan development

9 PRA photo

Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mohol

Tal. Mohol, Dist. Solapur Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) - 2012

Village Magarwadi 1. Introduction:

Solapur district comes under scarcity zone having minimum rainfall (545 mm).The

total area of district is about 14886 sq. km out of which 11 lakh 11 thousand 500 ha land is

cultivable land.

In such situation KVK, Mohol has been established in the year, 2011 located at

Solapur- Pune Highway No.9 for six tahsils viz Mohol, Pandharpur, Sangola, Malshiras,

Madha and Karmala. These tahsils having different cropping pattern which includes

major crop like Sorghum, Sugarcane, Maize, Fruit and Vegetable.

KVK, Mohol have performing different extension activities for increasing the crop

productivity with introduction of improved agricultural techniques. To identifying the

needs problems faced the farmers PRA survey was carried out of Magarwadi village

located at Pandharpur tahsil which is 25 KM away from KVK Mohol. Village Magarwadi

is having diversified farming approach which includes Sugarcane as a major crop followed

by Maize, Fruit and vegetables along with supplementary business of dairying and jaggary

processing. It is possible to achieve higher productivity and livestock security through

KVK, interventions such as FLDs, OFTs and Training programmes in participatory mode.

Facilitators: 1 Dr. D. R. Nandre. 2 Dr.N.S. Deshmukh 3 Mr. A. G. Dighe 4 Mr. D. N. Kshirsagar 5 Smt K. A. Jadhav 6 Dr. P. G. Chavan 7 Mr. T. P. Ahire 8 Ms. S. B. Kakade

2. Bench mark survey of Magarwadi

2.1 Climate:

The climate of the area is semi-arid tropical. Generally, South-West monsoon starts

from June and peak rainfall occurs in July and August. Usually there are short and long

dry spells occurs between the outset and station of rain.

Annual Rainfall Approximate 537 mm

Period June to Oct

Temperature Maximum 40.40c

Minimum 120c

Distribution:

Month Temperature

(OC) Humidity

(%) Rainfall (mm)

Maxi Min Morning Evening

Jan 30.8 12.32 59.2 28.2 0.0

Feb 35 14.42 54.75 30.25 0.0

Mar 38.2 16.22 33.8 17.85 0.0

Apr 40.26 23.5 53.64 28.28 8.2

May 40.42 23.4 71.5 38 7.6

Jun 36.8 78.625 77.5 46.5 65.3

July 33.36 22.88 79.4 53.6 55.8

Aug 33.62 21.82 79 53.5 39.0

Sept 33 21.9 75.25 51 35.8

Oct 32.32 19.42 72.6 47.2 148.4

Nov 31.57 15.1 61.25 37.5 3.4

Dec 31.7 13.175 58.25 34.5 0.0

Reference: Agril. Research Station, Mohol , year:2012

2.2 Land Holding Pattern:

Sr. No. Holding (ha) No. of cultivators

1 Small (< 1 ha) 258

2 Marginal (1 to 2 ha) 531

3 Large (> 2 ha) 111

2.3 Soil Types:

Soil of Magarwadi village Tal- Pandharpur varies from light to medium and

medium to heavy soil.

Shallow : < 30 cm (20 %)

Medium : < 30-45 cm (40 %)

Medium deep : > 45 cm (40 %)

2.4 Soil and Water conservation structures:

1. Vegetative bund.

2. Compartmental bunding.

3. Cement plug.

2.5 Irrigation/water source/facilities:

River -

Well : 500

Bore well : 768

Canal : 01

2.6 Natural vegetation:

Forest Species : Anjan, Babool, Tamarind etc.

Trees : Acacia spp., Azardiracta, Mango, Ber, Chilar, Subabhul

Shrubs : Euphorbia spp., Cassia etc.

Weeds /floara : Harali, Kena, Parthenium, Cockscomb, Lawala, Ghol,

Reshimkata etc.

2.7 Cropping pattern:

3. PRA at Magarwadi, Tal Pandharpur, Dist. Solapur

The different tools used for PRA Village Map Social Map Soil map Transect walk Time line Trend analysis Venn diagram Matrix ranking

Season Cereal

s

Pulses Oilseeds Fruits Vegetables Fodder

crop

Kharif Maize Groundnut Pomegranate

Banana,

Lime, Grapes,

Okra,

Brinjal,

Chilli,

Cucumber,

Watermelon

Maize,

Rabi Wheat Gram. - Sorghum,

Maize

Summer Maize - Groundnut Ginni,

Berseem

3.1 Village map

The cadastral map of the village Magarwadi Tal. Pandharpur was collected from

Talathi Office.

3.2 Social map

The village Magarwadi is located near Pandharpur- Solapur state highway .

Houses of villagers scattered in village . There are common well for drinking water in the

village. The temple of god ‘Darling’ is located at the center of the village.

1. Population : 2183

2.Educational facilities

Nursery/ Anganwadi : 03

Primary School : 02

Secondary School : 01

Higher Secondary : Pandharpur (20 km away)

Senior College : Pandharpur (20 km away)

3.Drinking water availability : Well, Hand pump, Borewell (2)etc.

4.Temple : God Daarling

5.Material availability in the village

a. Grocery : 04

b. Seeds/ Fertilizers

Krishi Seva Kendra : 01

c. Insecticides and fungicides

Krishi Seva Kendra : 01

6.Farm implements

1.Tractor : 12 2.Trash crusher : 1

3.Rotavator : 8 4.Sprayer (knapsack)

: 150

5.Sprayer

(Power)

: 7 6. Tractor drawn plough

: 12

7. thresher : 2

7.Medical facilities

Name of institute

/organization

In Village Nearby Village Dist. from Village

a.Primary Health Center: -- : Tungat 6 km

b.b.Veterinary Health Center: -- : Tungat 6 Km

8.Marketing facility

a. In Village/ Nearby

Village

-- :

b. Tehsil/District -- : APMC, Pandharpur

APMC, Solapur

20 km

54 km

9.Availability of technology/ knowledge source

a. Information regarding agricultural

practices

: Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mohol

News Paper, Agrowan

10.Industries

Sugarcane : 1.Bhima Co- Operative Sugar Factory,

Takali (15 Km away)

2. Vitthal Co- Operative Sugar Factory, Gursale.(25 km away)

3. Sidhanath Co- Operative Sugar

Factory, Tirhe (50 km away)

4. Loknete Co- Operative Sugar Factory, Angar (20 km away)

dairy

Sahyadri dairy Sanket dairy

Pant dairy Indira dairy

Umadevi dairy

Self help group : 8-10

3.4 Transect of village bitale:

The transect walk was carried out inside the village with the villagers and located

the various items by observatory method that are found in the village like soil, crops,

animals, problems, etc.

Topography Leveled Slope 1 to 2 % Slope 2 to 4 % Slightly sloppy 2 to 3 %

Soil type Medium to deed

Deep/ heavy soil Medium Medium

Irrigation source

Canal, Borewell

Canal, Borewell Canal, Borewell Canal, Borewell

Crops and Cropping system

Sugarcane Maize, Jowar, Gram Intercropping

Sugarcane, Gram, Groundnut Intercropping and sequence cropping

Sugarcane, Maize Intercropping

Soyabean, Sugarcane, Maize Crop rotation

Trees

Neem, Acacia Neem, Subabul

Fruit trees Pomegranate, Ber

Pomegranate, Ber

Pomegranate, Kagzilime

Pomegranate, Grape, Ber

Weeds

Parthenium, Hariyali, Kena

Parthenium, Ephorbia

Lavala, Kena Parthenium, Kena, Haryali

Fodder crops

Maize, Jowar Lucerne, Berseem

Maize Maize, Jowar

Pest and diseases

woolyaphids, Root rot, Blight

woolyaphids, Tikka, Thrips

Wilt, Thrips, White fly, Oily spot

Blight, Wilt, Aphids, Thrips

Vegetables Fenugreek, Palak,

Cucumber, chilli, Garlic

Onion, Tomato Cariader, Fenugreek

Animals Cow Khillar, Jerssey, Buffalo Pandharpuri Goat Osmanabadi Poultry Local breed

3.5 Time line:-

The major events remembered by the villagers was drawn with the help of key

informants.

Year Major events 1941 Z. P. Primary School 1950 Diesel Engine

1956,1972, 1990-91,2003

Famine

1963 Bicycle 1965 Electric Motor 1971 Establishment of Grampanchyat. 1971 Establishment of Grampanchyat. 1975 Radio

1980-85 Hand Pump 1980 Motorcycle 1982 Chemical Fertilizer 1984 Lift irrigation

1988-89 Tractor 1990-95 Drip irrigation 1990-92 Thresher

1995 Sprinkler irrigation 1995-96 Drinking Water Well and Pipeline 1996-97 Jersey cow

1997 Knapsack sprayer 1998-99 High school

2002 Telephone 2004-05, 2010 Pest Occurrence

2005-06 Power sprayer 2005 Mobiles 2007 Bio-Gas 2010 Agril. Service Center

3.6 Trend analysis: The trend analysis in respect of rainfall, water table, cropping pattern , area of various crops grown during the year, livestock etc. was done with the help of the farmer participants involved in PRA.

Particulars 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Rainfall XXXX XXXX XXX XX XXX XXXX XXX

Kharif cropping area 0000 0000 0000 00 000 00 00

Rabi cropping area @@@@ @@@@ @@@@ @@ @@@ @@@ @@

Horticultural Crops

Tomato - !! !!! !! !!! !!!! !!!

Pomegranate - - - - - $$ $$$

Lime - - - - ## ### ##

Grape - - - - %% %%% %%%

Area under various crops

Sugarcane - - ^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^

Rabi Sorghum &&& &&& &&& && &&& && &&

Maize ** ** *** ** ** **** ****

Livestock

Cow

Desi III III III II III II II

Crossbreed - - - - AA AAA AAA

Buffalo

Local - Y Y YY YY YYY YYY

3.7 Schemes and Projects implemented:

Matrix ranking:

The Matrix ranking was completed with the help of the participatory farmers in respect of

various crops, varieties, sheep and goat and the information is given below.

1. Matrix ranking of crops:

Sr. No.

Particulars/ Crop

Sorghum Maize Sugarcane Gram Wheat

1 Food 4 2 1 4 5 2 Fodder 4 5 3 2 2 3 Expenditure on

fertilizers 2 3 5 2 3

4 Market price 3 2 3 4 3

5 Income 2 2 5 3 3

Rank III IV I III II It is observed that sugarcane is major crop.

2. Matrix ranking of Sugarcane

Sr. No. Particulars / Varieties Co-671 86032

1 Availability of planting material

4 5

2 Crop duration 4 4 3 Expenditure on fertilizer 4 5 4 Irrigation requirement 4 4 5 Ratoon yield 3 5 6 Higher yield 4 5 Rank II I

3. Matrix ranking of Maize

Sr.No. Particulars / Varieties M-6240 Supreme JK-8084 1 Grain yield 5 4 4 2 Fodder yield 4 4 5 3 Fodder quality 4 3 4 4 Market price 4 3 4 5 Income 5 3 4 Rank I III II

4. Matrix ranking of Tomato.

Sr.No. Particulars / Varieties Abhinav 501 Alankar 1 Plant growth 4 4 4 2 Fruit quality 4 5 3 3 Disease and pest resistance 3 4 3 4 Keeping quality 3 5 3 5 Yield 4 5 3 Rank II I III

3.8 Venn diagram:

The institutional relationship diagram indicating, how close the contact and cooperation

between those organizations and groups is prepared with the help of farmers. This indicates the

importance of the various individuals and the institutions in and outside the village with regard to

a phenomenon related to agriculture. The importance of various organizations/ individuals for a

phenomenon is indicated in terms of size of the circles and distance from the centre.

3.9 Farmers participated in PRA:

Babasaheb Hanumant Babale Bandulal dnyanoba homkumare

Vijay Shivaji Pwar Nitin Somnath Magar

Narayan Sitaram Shejal Laxman Rambhau Kshirsagar

Madhukar Nanoba Sondkar Hari Sitaram Shejal

Dhanaji Pandurang Chavan Vasant Bhagyawant Pawar

Rajendra Sandip Mane Dinkar Ananda Gombale

Gondiba Narayan Dongare Dilip Dnyanoba Nakate

Sachin Arun Pawar Kerbai Dhondiba Gaikwad

Dhanaji Nanasaheb Pawar Vilas Prabhat Patole

Adinath Ananada Bambaale Shrimant Yashwant Shinde

Harish Sitaram Shelar Datttray Krishna Chavan

VENN DIAGRAM OF VILLAGE, Bitale , Tal. Mohol , Dist. Solapur

Village Magarwadi Tal. Pandharpur

PHC, Tungat

Tlathi Office

,

Krishi SevaKendra

APMC , Pandharpur

Veternary clinic

,

Sidhanath Co- operative sugar factory Tirhe

50km

25km

15km

50km

15km

25km

Loknete Sugar FactoryAngar

Lokmangal Co- operative sugar factory

Vitthal Co- operative sugar factory Takali

Bhima Sugar Factory Angar

6km

6km

6km

Grampanch

Abhiman Dattu Sawant Satish Chandrakant Sawant

Hanumant Shrimant Kshirsagar Netaji Chandrakant yadav

Shivaji Abhiman Sawant Shivaji Baburav Sutar

Indrajit prabhakar Kshirsagr V. S. Mali

Santosh Pawar Dhanaji Nanasaheb Pawar

Chandrakant Gajendra Pwar Shivaji Ramchandra Kshirsagar

Vilas Nagnath Bambale Bhagvat Nagnath Bambale

Tanaji Yellappa Khedkar Nitin Chandrakant Sawant

Amatrav dhondiba kshirsagar Sanjay vittthal Chvan

Shital sambhaji khedkar Hanumant shivaji kshirsagar

4 .1 SWOT analysis of village: S- Strength, W- Weaknesses, O- Opportunity, T- Threats Strength:

1. Maximum irrigation potential through canal. 2. Major areas under cash crop. 3. Village nearer to state highway. 4. Village well connected to market channel. 5. Greater participation of farmers in social activity. 6. Soil best suited for agronomical and horticultural crop. 7. Availability of organic waste. 8. Positive attitude towards livestock business.

Weaknesses: 1. Excess use of irrigation through flood channel. 2. Less knowledge about IWM. 3. Lack of knowledge about IPM in fruit crops. 4. Indiscriminate use of fertigation in sugarcane. 5. Less use of biofertilizers and seed treatment. 6. Lack of knowledge about scientific feeding management.

Opportunities: 1. Scope for introducing intercropping system in sugarcane. 2. Scope for enhancing diversified farming system approach. 3. Scope for increasing area under drip irrigation system. 4. Impart skill of bahar management in fruit crop. 5. Scope for increasing milk production and poultry. 6. Scope for establishment of agro based food processing industry and value

addition. 7. Scope for reclamation problematic soil. 8. Scope for integrated nutrient management approach.

Threats: 1. Unassurance of rainfall. 2. Area comes under scarcity zone. 3. Imbalance use of fertilizer leads to soil health hazards.

4.2 POIN analysis

Sr.No. Problem Opportunity Issues Needs 1 Problematic soil. Reclamation of

problematic soil Unawareness about technology, excess use of fertilizer

Gatcharcha Training Group discussion

2 Use of flood irrigation Introduction of drip irrigation

Traditional practices, low yield, soil health hazards.

Training Demonstration Exposure visit.

3 Less use of biofertilizers Introduction of biofertilizers for sugarcane and fungicide, set treatment.

Occurrence of pest and disease, low yield, poor quality

Demonstration Training Visit FLD

4 Lack of knowledge about IPM

Introduction IPM package in set treatment

Low yield, more expenditure on plant protection measures, minimum pest control

Training Demonstration Exposure visit

5 Weal linkages of farmers with different organization

Enhancing linkages introducing cluster farming approach

Lack of scientific information sources, less initiative

Training Exposure visit Promotion of SHG Farmers club

6 Monocropping Introduction of intercrop, diversified cropping system

Unawareness about cropping system, low yield

Training Demonstration Exposure visit

7 Lack of scientific knowledge and skill about value addition

Scope for developing skill among farmers, SHG’s, farmers club

No risk bearing ability, poor economic status

Training Demonstration Exposure visit

5.1 Seasonability of weather:

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Rainfall - - - - - *** **** ***** ***** *** ** -

Temperature * *** **** **** **** ** ** ** ** ** ** *

Humidity ** ** * * * *** **** **** **** ** ** ***

5.2 Seasonability of crop: Crop Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Sugarcane

Maize

Sorghum

Gram

Wheat

Pomegranate

Grapes

Lime

Banana

Brinjal

Tomato

5.3 Seasonability of animal diseases:

Particular Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

H.S

FMD

Diarrhoea

5.4Seasonability of pest and disease:

Crop Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Sugarcane

(Adasali)

Sorghum

Brinjal

Gram

Tomato

Wooly Aphid

Top Shoot Borer

Red rot

Shoot Fly

Chikta

Top shoot borer

Pod borer

Fruit borer

Wilt

Fruit borer

Wilt

Pomegranate

Grape

Banana

9. Major cropping pattern: 1. Sugarcane based production system 2. Sorghum based production system 3. Wheat based production system 4. Lime based production system 5. Tomato based production system 6. Gram based production system 7. Maize based production system 8. Pomegranate based production system 9. Banana based production system 10. Grapes based production system

7. Major problems identified in village: 1. Agronomy

1. Imbalance use of fertilizer.

2. Improper time and application of fertilizer.

3. Excess irrigation.

4. Traditional method of irrigation.

5. Lack of use of improved farm tools.

6. Less use of biofertilizers.

7. Lack of seed treatment.

2. Horticulture

1. Pest and disease occurrence in fruit crops

2. Deficiency of micronutrient application.

3. Lack of knowledge about INM.

4. Improper training and pruning method.

5. Less use of growth regulator

6. Market unawareness.

7. Lack of knowledge about green house, polyhouse, use of mulching.

8. Less care about leafy vegetable cultivation practices

Powdery mildew

Shoot borer

3. Livestock

1. Low milk yield in buffalo.

2. Imbalance feeding management.

3. Unawareness about mineral mixture feeding.

4. Lack of knowledge about improved varieties of green fodder crops and its

management.

5. Lack of knowledge about vaccination schedule.

4. Soil Science

1. Indiscriminate use of fertilizer.

2. Unawareness about reclamation of problematic soil

3. Lack of knowledge about INM.

4. Soil and water testing unawareness.

5. Food science and technology 1. Lack of knowledge about post harvest handling and storage practices of Agril. Produce.

2. Lack of scientific knowledge and skill about value addition.

3. Low risk bearing ability for agro based business.

4. Lack of storage facility for agricultural produce.

6. Agriculture Extension

1. Communication gap among farmers.

2. Less participation of farmwoman and rural youth.

3. Traditional farming approach.

4. Traditional farming approach.

8. Problem cause diagram: a. Problem cause diagram for low yield in sugarcane:

improper crop rotation less use of biofertilizers

indiscriminate use of

fertilizers

Lack of knowledge

and unavailability

b. Problem cause diagram for low yield in Maize: improper crop rotation

improper sowing

method

indiscriminate use of

fertilizer

Lack of knowledge

Improper use of irrigation

water

Low yield in

sugarcane

Monoculture

Seed treatment

Inadequate Nutrient management

Unavailability of quality planning material

Low Yield in Maize

Uneven plant population

Inadequate nutrient supply

Monoculture

Unavailability of quality planting material

Unawareness about planting material quality

Improper pest and disease management

Lack of knowledge

Improper irrigation scheduling Lack of knowledge

irrigation

c. Problem cause diagram for low yield in Gram:

Less importance

Lack of knowledge

Improper Management

Unidentified critical Growth stage

d. Problem cause diagram for low yield in Wheat:

Lack of knowledge

About its importance

Improper method of

sowing.

Lack of scientific

Knowledge about variety

and its sowing time

Insufficient use of water

Low Yield in

Gram Seed treatment

Pest and disease management

Irrigation management

Intercrop

Low yield in

Wheat

Uneven plant population

Untimely use of cultivar

Irrigation scheduling

Seed treatment

e. Problem cause diagram for low yield in Banana:

Unawareness about soil status Lack of knowledge

Indiscriminate use of

fertilizers

Improper irrigation

management

f. Problem cause diagram for low yield in Lime:

Unawareness

Lack of knowledge

Lack of knowledge about

INM IMN

Improper irrigation

sceduling

Lack of scientific

knowledge

Low yield in Banana

Soil suitability

Quality planting material

Integrated Nutrient Management

Irrigation scheduling

Low Yield in Lime

Use of local cutivar

Imbalance use of fertilizer

Soil testing

Pest and disease management Lack of knowledge

Irrigation management

Pest and disease management

g. Problem cause diagram for low yield in grape:

Improper scheduling

Unskilled practice

h. Problem cause diagram for low yield in Pomegranate:

Unawareness

Unawareness

INM

Improper irrigation

sceduling

Lack of knowledge

Low yield in Grape

Imbaalance use of fertilizer

Pest and disease management

Training and pruning

Low Yield in

Pomegra- nate

Improper plant spacing

Imbalance use of fertilizer

Quality planting material

Growth regulator

Lack of knowledge

Irrigation management

Pest and disease management

Improper stage and rate application

Bahar treatment

Lack of scientific knowledge

Lack of scientific knowledge

i. Problem cause diagram for low yield in pomegranate:

Improper control measures

INM

Traditional

method/material

improper irrigation

j. Problem cause diagram for low yield in Tomato:

Improper control measures

INM

Traditional

method/material

improper irrigation

Low Yield in

Pomegra- nate

Micrinutrient deficiency

Inefficient use of irrigation water

Improper staking method

Pest and disease management

Lack of micronutrient

Low Yield in Tomato

Micrinutrient deficiency

Inefficient use of irrigation water

Improper staking method

Pest and disease management

Lack of micronutrient

k. Problem cause diagram for low yield in Brinjal:

l. Problem cause diagram for low milk yield:

9. Farmers – scientist’s interaction for action plan development:

Low Yield in Brinjal

Pest occurance

Weed infestation

Imbalance fertilizer application

Disease management

Improper chemical pesticide use

Lack of seedling treatment

Lack of knowledge

No weed management at proper stage

Low Yield in milk

Imbalance feeding

Vaccination schedule

Use of local buffalo breed

Mineral mixture deficiency

Lack of knowledge

Unawareness about importance of mineral mixture

Easily available

unawareness

Improper milking method Lack of scientific knowledge

The KVK scientists interact with the farmers of Magarwadi village during the discussion

groups of farmers related to crop component, animal component, horticulture, soil component

and rural youth was participated for identifying the problems constraints and need of farmer.

During this session point raised by the farmer are given below.

Points raised by the farmers:-

Lack of knowledge about irrigation management

Imbalance use of fertilizers

Less use of biofertilizers

Lack of knowledge about INM in sugarcane.

Lack of knowledge about soil and water conservation practices.

Improper crop rotation.

Use of local varieties.

Lack of knowledge about IPM, IDM in fruit and vegetable crops.

Improper feeding management to Cattle and Buffalow.

Unawareness about feed supplement to livestock.

Low milk yield.

Lack of knowledge about post harvest technology.

Soil salinity.

10. PRA photos: