Tomato Breeding for Sustainable Crop Systems: High Levels ...
Participatory plant breeding for Canadian organic crop...
Transcript of Participatory plant breeding for Canadian organic crop...
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Participatory plant breeding for Canadian
organic crop production
Anne Kirk, University of Manitoba ECOSGN Seed Connections
Conference November 9, 2014
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Why select crops for organic cropping systems?
• Organic farming systems have unique challenges:
– Limitations in available soil nutrients
– Interference from weeds
• Selecting under organic management improves crop performance in organic systems
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Farmer involvement in a breeding program can take different forms
1) Variety selection
Farmers participate in evaluating and selecting advanced lines or varieties
2) Plant breeding
Farmers participate in selecting segregating populations
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Field performance of farmer-selected wheat populations
Farmer participation breeding program started in 2011
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• Each farmer is provided with 3 F3 populations
• Plot size: 10 – 20 m2 (7,000 seeds provided/pop)
Seeding: Plots seeded with a garden seeder, modified seeder or by hand
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Selection should occur under the same conditions that the crop would typically be grown
Positive selection – collect panicles/spikes from plants with desired characteristics and bulk thresh to form next years population Negative selection – pull plants with undesirable characteristics and bulk harvest the rest of the plot
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How do farmer selections compare to commercial check cultivars?
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Early Season Vigour
1
2
3
4
Farmer-Selected Checks
1 -
4 R
atin
g Sc
ale
p = 0.0425
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Days to Maturity
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
Farmer-Selected Checks
Day
s
p <.0001
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Leaf Disease at Maturity
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Farmer-Selected Checks
% o
f Fl
ag le
af d
isea
sed
p = 0.6916
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Height
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
98
100
102
Farmer-Selected Checks
Hei
ght
(cm
) p <.0001
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Lodging
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
Farmer-Selected Checks
1-9
Rat
ing
Scal
e p <.0001
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Lodging Scale
Rating = 3 Rating = 5 Rating = 1
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Yield
4000
4100
4200
4300
4400
4500
4600
4700
4800
Farmer-Selected Checks
Yiel
d (
kg/h
a)
p = 0.0002
300 kg/ha
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Thousand kernel weight
31.0
32.0
33.0
34.0
35.0
36.0
37.0
Farmer-Selected Checks
TKW
(g)
p = 0.0528
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Kernel number/unit area
p = 0.0002
10200
10400
10600
10800
11000
11200
11400
11600
11800
12000
Farmer-Selected Checks
Ker
nel
s/m
2
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• Better early season vigour
• Later maturity (4 days)
• No significant difference in flag leaf disease at maturity
• 7 cm taller
• Increased lodging
• Higher yield (107% of checks)
How do farmer selections compare to commercial check cultivars?
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What are farmers selecting for?
• Height
• Straw strength
• Leaf size
• Disease resistance
• Tillering
• Ability to grow with an intercrop
• Competitive ability
• Spike appearance
• Maturity
• Yield
• Seed size
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How do farmer selections shape a population?
94
96
98
100
102
104
106
BJ08A-N BJ10A-N BJ11A-N BJ25A-N
Day
s to
Mat
uri
ty *
5 day difference
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Lessons Learned
• The individual + selection environment has a large influence on the population
• Farmer-selected populations appear better adapted to organic production
• Farmers want a say in parents
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Participatory Wheat and Oat Breeding - 2014
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Cross parental lines
F1-F2: increase seed
F3-F5: on-farm selection (bulk plots, select spikes)
Continued selection on-farm
Increase seed and develop markets
F6: hill (spike) plot, select plot
F7: row plot, select plot
F8: yield test (unreplicated multiple locations)
F9-F10: yield test (replicated multiple locations)
Registration tests
Participatory wheat and oat breeding model
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Participatory Potato Breeding
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PPB Potato Selection Process
Cross made at AAFC
Plant seed in greenhouse
Distribute mini-tubers to farmers (500 tubers/population)
Harvest mini-tubers
Plant 500 hills/population
Plant approx. 50 tuber units/population
Select approximately 50 tubers/population
Select approx. 15 tuber units/population
Research station
On-farm selection
year 1
On-farm selection
year 2
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Populations available for planting in 2013
Pedigree # of
Tubers Segregation for skin colour
Popul’n Female Male Harvest White Splash Russet Lt. Russ Other Comments 1 King Harry V1002-2 466 466 326 oblong, 140 round
2 NY121 V1002-2 448 448 240 oblong, 208 round
3 Chieftain AC CHALEUR 474 174 300 Lt red
4 F01031 Redsen 468 60 408 Red
5 Island Sunshine
AC CHALEUR 465 465
6 Multa Redsen 445 70 375 Lt red
7 Reddale A11272-02 472 56 348 68 Red
8 Reddale AC CHALEUR 496 109 387 Lt red
9 Redsen AC CHALEUR 483 102 381 Red
10 ROCHDALE GOLD DOREE
AC CHALEUR 438 438 Yellow
11 Saginaw Gold AC CHALEUR 447 447 Yellow
12 FV12486-2 V1002-2 486 78 408 244 Lt red, 164 purple
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PPB Potato Selection Process
Cross made at AAFC
Plant seed in greenhouse
Distribute mini-tubers to farmers (500 tubers/population)
Harvest mini-tubers
Plant 500 hills/population
Plant approx. 50 tuber units/population
Select approximately 50 tubers/population
Select approx. 15 tuber units/population
Research station
On-farm selection
year 1
On-farm selection
year 2
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Year 1 On-farm Selection
- Harvest all hills
- Select approx. 50 hills
- Keep 1 tuber/selected hill for planting
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PPB Potato Selection Process
Cross made at AAFC
Plant seed in greenhouse
Distribute mini-tubers to farmers (500 tubers/population)
Harvest mini-tubers
Plant 500 hills/population
Plant approx. 50 tuber units/population
Select approximately 50 tubers/population
Select approx. 15 tuber units/population
Research station
On-farm selection
year 1
On-farm selection
year 2
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PPB Potato Selection Process
Plant 500 hills/population
Plant approx. 50 tuber units/population
Select approximately 50 tubers/population
Select approx. 15 tuber units/population
On-farm selection
year 1
On-farm selection
year 2
Plant 40 tubers of each selected unit
Evaluate agronomic characteristics, yield and tuber
appearance
Evaluate yield, disease resistance and baking/boiling
quality
Plant 40 tubers of each selected unit On-farm
selection year 3
Research stn.
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What have we learned from the PPB program?
• Some farmers are not confident in their ability to make selections
• Having farmers participate in parental line selection is very beneficial
• Farmers that are dissatisfied with currently available varieties will put the most effort into improving their populations
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Thank you!