Participative Management for Improving the Performance of ...
Transcript of Participative Management for Improving the Performance of ...
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Participative Management for Improving the Performance of Part-Time Workers in an Accounting Firm
SATORU SHIMAMUNE
Hosei University
KATSUNORI WAKAMATSU
Himawari Office Support, Inc.
Abstract
Study objective: To examine effects of participative management as a behavioral intervention package.
Design: Multiple-baseline design across groups of client companies. Setting: The target performance was
journalizing tasks in a small accounting firm in the Kanto area. Participants: Four female part-time
employees, 38â50 years old. Intervention: The participants held monthly meetings in which they discussed
management objectives, set target behaviors for the next month, recorded the execution of the target
behaviors, and calculated the percentage of accomplishment. The firm paid a monetary incentive based
on an interdependent, group-oriented contingency for achieving the monthly target behaviors. Measures:
A management index was calculated every month for each company by dividing the charge by the costs.
The percentage of target behaviors completed each month was also recorded after the commencement
of the intervention. Results: The management index improved with the intervention package. Conclusion:
Participative management, as a behavioral intervention package, was effective in improving the
productivity of the part-time employees. Social as well as economic validity was confirmed.
Key Words participative management, intervention package, group-oriented contingency,
organizational behavior management
Japanese Journal of Behavior Analysis 2016, Vol. 31, No. 1, 2â14 ARTICLE
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Figure 1ã Mean monthly operating index for each group of companies during the baseline and participative management phases.
The operating index presents the profitability of operation; the higher the index, the more profitable the operation, with 1.0 representing the break-even point.
10
è¡ååæåŠç 究ã第 31å·»ã第 1å·
ãè¯å®çãªè©äŸ¡ãåŸãããïŒTable 1ïŒãæãé«ãè©äŸ¡ãåŸãã®ã¯ããïŒaïŒ åºæ¬ææ°ãæ¹åããããã«ããŒã ã§è©±ãåãæ©äŒã確ä¿ããããšãã«ã€ããŠã§ããã3åãããšãŠã圹ã«ç«ã£ããã1åããå°ã圹ã«ç«ã£ãããšåçãããã»ãã«ããïŒbïŒ ããŒã ã§å ·äœçãªç®æšã決ããããšãããïŒdïŒ ç®æšã®éæ床ãããšã«ãèå代ãæ¯çµŠããããšãã«ã€ããŠã¯ãåå è å šå¡ããå°ã圹ã«ç«ã£ãããããã¯ããšãŠã圹ã«ç«ã£ãããšåçããããïŒgïŒ ä»åã®åçµã¿ã¯éåžžã®ä»äºã®äžè²«ãšããŠå®æœããã
ãã£ãã§ãããã«ã€ããŠãå šå¡ããå®æœããããã£ãããšåçãããæ¬ç 究ã§çšããåå åãããžã¡ã³ãã®æç¶ãã«ã€ããŠã¯å šè¬çã«è¯å®çãªè©äŸ¡ãåŸããããšèšããããåå åãããžã¡ã³ãã®å¹æã«ã€ããŠã¯ããïŒeïŒ ä»åã®åçµã¿ã«ãã£ãŠå¯Ÿè±¡ãšããäŒç€Ÿã®åºæ¬ææ°ããããšãŠãæ¹åãããããšåçããåå è ã1åããå°ãæ¹åãããããšåçããåå è ã 3
åã ã£ãããïŒfïŒ ä»åã®åçµã¿ã«ãã£ãŠå¯Ÿè±¡ãšã¯ããªãã£ãäŒç€Ÿã®åºæ¬ææ°ãã«ã€ããŠã¯ããå°ãæ¹åãããããšåçããåå è ã 2åããã©ã¡ããšãèšããªãããšåçããåå è ã 1åããããŸãæ¹åããªãã£ãããšåçããåå è ã 1åã ã£ããåè¿°ããããã«æ¬ç 究ã§ã¯å®éšèšç»ãšããŠå€å±€ããŒã¹ã©ã€ã³æ³ãçšãã顧客矀éã®ç¬ç«æ§ã確ä¿ããããã«ãè¡åç®æšã®èšå®ã¯ä»å ¥å¯Ÿè±¡ãšãªã£ãŠãã顧客ã«éå®ããŠããã質åé ç®ïŒeïŒãšïŒfïŒãžã®åçã®å·®ã¯ãã®æ¡ä»¶èšå®ã«ãããã®ã§ãããšèãããããç 究çµäºåŸã«åãåãçµã¿ãç¶ç¶ãã¹ããã©ããã質åãããïŒhïŒ ä»åã®åçµã¿ããããããéåžžã®ä»äºãšããŠç¶ç¶ããŠããã¹ãã§ãããã«ã€ããŠã¯ã2åããç¶ç¶ãã¹ããã2åããã©ã¡ããšãèšããªãããšåçãããæç¶ããšå¹æã«é¢ããè¯å®çãªè©äŸ¡ãšã¯çžåããããã«ãèŠããåçã ã£ãã®ã§ãåŸæ¥ã第äºèè ãäŒè°ã«ãŠåå è å šå¡ã«ãã®çç±ãå°ãããšãããåãçµã¿ã«å¯ŸããŠã¯è¯å®çã ãã察象ãšãã顧客äŒæ¥ã«ã¯ãã以äžã®æ¹åãèŠèŸŒãããåãçµã¿ãç¶ç¶ããã®ã§ããã°ä»å察象ãšããªãã£ãä»ã®é¡§å®¢äŒæ¥ã察象ãšãã¹ãã§ãããšããæèŠãæã£ãŠããããšãããã£ããçµæžç劥åœæ§è²»çšäŸ¿çåæã®çµæãã€ã³ã»ã³ãã£ãã«ããã£ãçµè²»ãå·®ãåŒããŠãã察象ãšãªã£ãå š 12顧客ã«ããåæ¯ã¯å¹Žé¡ã§æšèš 85äžåã®å¢çãšãªã£ãã
èãå¯
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Figure 2ã Number of tasks completed ïŒâ-âïŒ and not completed ïŒÃ-ÃïŒ by each participant for each month during the intervention phase.
The arrow indicates the only month when the incentive was not paid because the group criterion had not been met the previous month.
11
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ããããšãã§ãããäžåžããäžããããçµå¶ç®æšïŒåºæ¬ææ°ã®æ¹åïŒãéæããããã«ç¿æã«ãã¹ãããšãåå è ã話ãåããå ·äœçãªè¡åç®æšãšããŠèšè¿°ããéè¡ã«ã€ããŠèšé²ãéèšãããã£ãŒãããã¯ãè¡ããè¡åç®æšã®éæã«å¯ŸããŠéå£é䌎æ§ã«åºã¥ãããè¶èå代ãæ¯æããšããæåãããªãä»å ¥ããã±ãŒãžã®çç£æ§ã«å¯Ÿããæå¹æ§ã確èªã§ããåå åãããžã¡ã³ãã®å è¡ç 究ïŒBurgio et al., 1983; Johnson et al., 1991ïŒã®çµæã系統çã«åçŸã§ããããšã«ãªããåå è ã話ãåãã«ãã決ããæããšã®è¡åç®æšã«ã¯ããããŸã§åèªããã¹ãã§ãããšæããªããå 延ã°ãã«ããŠããä»äºïŒäŸãã°ãå ¥åãé«éåããããã«ããœã³ã³ã®æŒ¢åå€æãŠãŒã¶ãŒèŸæžã«ç»é²ããããªã©ïŒãã©ãããã°æ¹åã§ãããããããªãã£ãã®ãä»ã®åå è ããã®å©èšã§ãã¹ãããšãããã£ãä»äºïŒäŸãã°ã顧客äŒæ¥ããã®æåºæžé¡ããããããæŽçãããããã«ãå¶æ¥æ åœè ã顧客ã«èŠããŠèª¬æã§ããçŸéåºçŽåž³ã®èŠæ¬ãäœãããªã©ïŒãå«ãŸããŠãããæ¬ç 究ã§ã¯ãä»å ¥åã®ããããè¡åã®éè¡çã¯æž¬å®ããŠããªããïŒæ³š 3ïŒãåå è ã®äžåžã§ãã第äºèè ã«ããã°ããããã¯ä»å ¥åã«ã¯ã»ãšãã©è¡ãããŠããªãã£ããæšçè¡åã®èªçºé »åºŠã®ããŒã¿ã§çŽæ¥æ€èšŒããããã§ã¯ãªãããåºæ¬ææ°ã®æ¹åãšããéæ¥çãªããŒã¿ããã¯ãè·åã®æ瀺åïŒAustin et al., 2005;
Crowell et al., 1988; Palmer & Johnson, 2013; Rice et
al., 2009; Rose & Ludwig, 2009; Slowiak & Madden,
2008; Wilson et al., 1997ïŒãããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ã»ãã£ãŒãããã¯ïŒAlvero et al., 2001; Balcazar et al.,
1985ïŒãªã©ãå è¡ç 究ã§ç€ºãããŠããé䌎æ§æäœã®å¹æãšäžèŽããçµæãåŸããããšèšããã ãããå 延ã°ãã«ããŠããä»äºã®éè¡ã«ã¯ãå è¡äºè±¡ãšããŠæããšã®è¡åç®æšãåŸç¶äºè±¡ãšããŠãã®çµæã®ãã£ãŒãããã¯ãšãèå代ãšããã€ã³ã»ã³ãã£ããåŸç¶äºè±¡ãšããé䌎æ§ãèšå®ããããšã§ããã®é䌎æ§ãèšè¿°ããã«ãŒã«ã«åŸãè¡åãèªçºããããããªã£ããã®ãšæšå¯ããããä»å ¥åã¯å 延ã°ãããŠãäœã®åœ±é¿ããªãã£ãã®ããä»å ¥åŸã¯å 延ã°ããããšå®äºçãäžããããèå代ãããããªããªãå¯èœæ§ãé«ãŸã£ãããã®æã®è¡åç®
æšã«éžãã ä»äºãå®äºããŠããªããšãã«ãã®ã«ãŒã«ãèšè¿°ããããšããå®äºçãäžãã£ãããã€ã³ã»ã³ãã£ããããããªãã£ãããä»ã®åå è ã«è¿·æãããããããã®ã§ã¯ãªãããšããäžå®ãçãããã確ç«æäœãšããŠæ©èœããã«ãŒã«ã«åŸãè¡åãäžå®ãäœæžãããããšã§åŒ·åããããšè§£éã§ããïŒæå±±ã»å³¶å®ã»äœè€ã»ããããã»ããããã1998ïŒãçµç¹è¡åãããžã¡ã³ãã«ãããç 究è«æã§ã¯ãç®æšèšå®ããã£ãŒãããã¯ãªã©ã®æ©èœã確ç«æäœïŒæ³š 4ïŒãšããŠè§£éãããããšãå€ããïŒAgnew,
1998; Agnew & Redmon, 1992; Lotfizadeh, Edwards,
& Poling, 2014ïŒãé¢ä¿æ çè«ïŒRelational Frame
TheoryïŒã«åºã¥ããç°ãªã解éãææ¡ãããŠããïŒHayes, Bunting, Herbst, Bond, & Barnes-Holmes,ã2006; Stewart, Barnes-Holmes, Barnes-Holmes, Bond,
& Hayes, 2006ïŒãLotfizadeh et al. ïŒ2014ïŒãè«ããŠããããã«ããã®ãããªçè«çåæãå®éšçãå®è·µçç 究ã§æ€èšŒããŠããããšãä»åŸã®èª²é¡ã®äžã€ã§ãããä»ã®åå è ããã®å©èšã§ãã¹ãããšããããããã®éè¡ãåºæ¬ææ°ã®æ¹åã«ã€ãªãã£ãã®ã¯éå£é䌎æ§ã®å¹æã§ãããšèãããããéå£é䌎æ§ã«ã¯æ§ã ãªçš®é¡ããããïŒCopper et al., 2007ïŒãæ¡ä»¶èšå®ã«ãã£ãŠã¯ååè¡åãèªçºãããå¹æãæåŸ ã§ããïŒBrown & Redmon, 1989ïŒãæ¬ç 究ã§ã¯ãåå è å šå¡ã«äžããããã€ã³ã»ã³ãã£ããåå è å šå¡ã®è¡åã«é䌎ããçžäºäŸååã®éå£é䌎æ§ãé©çšãããããã®ãããä»ã®åå è ã«å©èšããããè¡åç®æšã®éè¡ãä¿ããããéè¡ãæ¿èªãããããè¡åããããŒã å šäœã®å®äºçã®åäžããããŠã€ã³ã»ã³ãã£ãã®ç²åŸã«ãã£ãŠå¢å ãç¶æãããå¯èœæ§ããããäŸãã°ãã€ã³ã»ã³ãã£ããå®äºçãæãé«ãåå è ã®ã¿ã«äžãããªã©ãéå£é䌎æ§ã®èšå®ã®ä»æ¹ã«ãã£ãŠã¯ããã®ãããªååè¡åãèªçºãããªãã£ããããããªããåå åãããžã¡ã³ãã«ãããé䌎æ§ã®èšèšã«ã¯ååãªé æ ®ãå¿ èŠã«ãªãã®ã§ã¯ãªãããšæããããå è¡ç 究ã«ã¯éå£é䌎æ§ããåå¥é䌎æ§ã®æ¹ãçç£æ§ãé«ããããšã瀺ããäºäŸããããäŸãã°ãThurkow, Bailey, & Stamper ïŒ2000ïŒ ã¯ ã ã¬ããŒã±ãã£ã³ã°ã®ãªãã¬ãŒã¿ã®çç£æ§ïŒåäœæé
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