Participation in Planning and Land Use Chapter 6 Presentation Tina Nabatchi & Matt Leighninger.
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Transcript of Participation in Planning and Land Use Chapter 6 Presentation Tina Nabatchi & Matt Leighninger.
Participation in Planning and Land Use
Issues relating to planning, land use, and the “built environment” are hot topics for participation: People care about where they live and want to
influence decisions and plans that impact their communities
Buying a home and protecting property values is a motivator for involvement in public life
Land use decisions often have highly visible impacts
Community attachment impacts community health and success
Technology is impacting the demand and capacity for participation
Numerous institutions and groups deal with land use, but often fail to host effective participation opportunities
The Development of Participation in Planning and Land
Use Participation in planning and land use has been
more contentious than in other areas, and has centered on four main areas: Major Zoning Decisions
Community and Neighborhood Visioning
Community Development Planning
Reporting Problems and Prioritizing Improvements
Different aspects of an adult-adult relationship are critical in each of these issue areas
The Development of Participation in Planning and Land
Use Major Zoning Decisions
In the “urban renewal” era, residents had little say in zoning decisions and there were devastating impacts on low-income communities
Since then, arguments for resident control over zoning and the built have become more forceful and extensive, and led to a variety of participation opportunities
Community and Neighborhood Visioning People’s desire to envision and build the community
they want has driven participation
These efforts usually involve thick participation
The Development of Participation in Planning and Land
Use Community Development Planning
Planning for the development (or redevelopment) of “distressed,” “underserved,” and “at risk” communities is an important area of participation
These efforts involve decisions pertaining to funding allocations, safety, resident attachment, and economic growth
Reporting Problems and Prioritizing Improvements Technology has aided people’s ability to raise concerns,
gather data, and suggest improvements to their physical surroundings
New online platforms for assistance have emergedSee Box 6.1 for examples of online assistance platforms
Aspects of an Adult-Adult Relationship in Participation in Planning & Land Use Issues
Common Planning & Land Use Issues
Characteristics of an Adult-Adult Relationship
Provide Info
Give Chance to
Tell Stories
Provide Choices
Sense of Political Legitima
cy
Support People to
Take Action
Major Zoning Decisions X X X
Community / Neighborhood Visioning
X X X X X
Community Development Planning
X X X X X
Reporting Problems & Prioritizing Improvements
X X
Official Settings for Participation in Planning and Land Use
Community Level
• Planning, Zoning, or Land Use Commissions
• Development Authorities
Neighborhood Level
• Neighborhood Associations• Homeowner Associations• Neighborhood Councils• Neighborhood Online Networks
Official Settings for Participation in Planning and Land Use
Numerous official settings for participation in land use and planning already exist
Within these officials settings are numerous participation leaders: government planners, commissioners, public officials, developers, residents
In the vast majority of settings, opportunities for participation are conventional and often contentious
We need to strengthen the infrastructure for participation in planning and land use
Strengthening the Infrastructure:Leaders and Networks
Numerous networks are common to planning and land use
The most active networks are “official;” more should be done to involve other kinds of networksSee Box 6.2 a set of
questions readers can use to assess the state of participation in their
community
Strengthening the Infrastructure:Building Blocks for Participation
6 Building Blocks
Many of the settings and tools within each block already exist to some extent, but need to be strengthened
Others may need to be built over time
Strengthening the Infrastructure:Building Blocks for Participation
There are many ways to disseminate information, but communication lags are still common
This is because people and platforms are disconnected and messages are poorly transmitted
See Box 6.3 for a case study on “Detroit 24/7”
Strengthening the Infrastructure:Building Blocks for Participation
There is potential for a “civic upsell” strategy to connect information dissemination and input gathering
The possibilities for online participation are proliferating
Strengthening the Infrastructure:Building Blocks for Participation
There are more ways of belonging to community and more potential communities to join than ever before
Connections to those closest to us will always be critical
See Box 6.4 for a case study on
“Create Buckhannon” in
West Virginia
Strengthening the Infrastructure:Building Blocks for Participation
This is where top-down governmental efforts meet bottom-up grassroots organizing and mobilization
This area can be rife with both conflict and innovation
See Box 6.5 for information on Revitalizing a
Neighborhood Group
Strengthening the Infrastructure:Building Blocks for Participation
This is the category where citizens move from the most immediate, visible problems they face to broader questions about what kind of place they want to live in
Realizing the potential of participation in this category requires that it be built into the regular functioning of government
See Box 6.6 for information on
Revamping the Public Meeting
Strengthening the Infrastructure:Building Blocks for Participation
Public work can have positive impacts on neighborhoods, communities, and residents
Coordinate these efforts is often done by neighborhood and homeowner associations
Tracking and quantifying such efforts can help neighborhood leaders connect and negotiate with public officials
Strengthening the Infrastructure: Systemic Supports
Systemic supports are needed to enable people to take on new roles, connect the different building blocks to one another, and institutionalize participation
Training and Skill Development
Professional Incentives for Planners and other Participation Leaders
Policies and Procedures
Funding and Budgeting