Parthenium Invasion in Bangladesh: A Cancerous Threat to...
Transcript of Parthenium Invasion in Bangladesh: A Cancerous Threat to...
Parthenium Invasion in Bangladesh: A Cancerous Threat to The Country
Prof. Dr. S. M. Rezaul KarimFaculty of Agro Industry & Natural
ResourcesUniversity Malaysia Kelantan
2
Newly Invaded Parthenium
• “Worst weed” of last century in India• Cause damages to crops, human health,
livestock and the environment• Very noxious and invasive weed• Already introduced in Bangladesh
3
Single young plant
4
Morphological viewsParthenium seedling Matured plant
Flowers of Parthenium Growing in roadside
5
Rosette of Parthenium weed
Parthenium above man height
6
7
Special characters
• High germination ability• Large seed production capacities • High survival rate• Extreme adaptability in diff. habitats• Easy dispersal of seeds• High allelopathic impacts• Can complete life cycles with in 4 weeks
8
Why so dangerous?
• Plant contain toxin, sesquiterpene lactoneswhich causes allergy
• Pollens when breath in to human causes respiratory problems
• Produces skin rushes when contact with body
9
Bad impacts on crops
CropCrop ImpactsImpacts
Rice & othersRice & others Yield loss up to 40% (India)Yield loss up to 40% (India)
MaizeMaize Grain filling reduced 50% due to Grain filling reduced 50% due to pollens on floral partspollens on floral parts
Pulses & Pulses & OilseedsOilseeds
Rice, Soybean, Chickpea, Mustard & Rice, Soybean, Chickpea, Mustard & Linseed are killed due to weed Linseed are killed due to weed allelopathyallelopathy
VegetablesVegetables Seed germination reduced in Seed germination reduced in Tomato, Brinjal & ChilliTomato, Brinjal & Chilli
Forage cropForage crop Pasture production reduced 90%Pasture production reduced 90%
10
CROPS - Barley
Parthenium in Maize
Parthenium in Barley
11
Bad effects on livestock
i)i) Contact causes inflamed udder, fever and rushes Contact causes inflamed udder, fever and rushes in cowsin cows
ii)ii) Buffalo & bullcalves suffer from toxicity, Buffalo & bullcalves suffer from toxicity, ulceration in mouth & digestive tracts ulceration in mouth & digestive tracts
iii)iii) Produce taints in muttonProduce taints in mutton
iv)iv) Destroys quality of dairy milkDestroys quality of dairy milk
v)v) Loss in beef production as AU$ 16.5 million per Loss in beef production as AU$ 16.5 million per year in Australiayear in Australia
12
Allergic effects on goat mouth
13
Bad effects on human
i)i) Contact of weed causes asthma, bronchitis, Contact of weed causes asthma, bronchitis, dermatitis and hay feverdermatitis and hay fever
ii)ii) Contact with skin causes eczimaContact with skin causes eczima
iii)iii) Pollen causes swelling and itching of mouth & Pollen causes swelling and itching of mouth & nose, constant cough etc.nose, constant cough etc.
iv)iv) Pollens cause allergic rhinitisPollens cause allergic rhinitis
v)v) Roots cause excessive water loss from bodyRoots cause excessive water loss from body
14
Health problems due to parthenium
15
Skin rush on arm
16
Bangladesh
Distribution of the weed in the globe
Actual distribution Probable distribution
17
Infestation in Jessore
18
Damaging Natural Ecosystem
19Infestation in Faridpur
20Infestation in Faridpur
21Infestation in Bhaluka, Mymensingh
22Infestation in Patuakhali
23Map of Bangladesh showing districts with Parthenium infestation
▲
▲▲ ▲▲
▲
▲▲
▲▲ ▲
▲
24
Research at BAU, Mymensingh
• Allelopathic effects of parthenium extracts on seed germination and seedling growth of field crops
• Allelopathic effects of parthenium debris on seed emergence of field crops
• N exploitation by Parthenium in comparison to rice
25
Field cropsGermination
reduction (%)
Root length
reduction (%)
Shoot length
reduction (%)
Dry matter reduction
(%)
Average per cent
inhibition (%)
Rice 59.16 42.53 48.38 39.22 47.32
Wheat 34.92 14.83 20.05 35.37 26.29
Chickpea 36.67 17.85 55.19 33.11 35.71
Mustard 35.25 44.46 4.20 6.13 22.51
Experiment 1API due to parthenium weed on four field
crops
26
Root 5% Stem 5% Leaf 5%
Control
Fig. 1 Seed germination and seedling growth of Rice
27
Experiment 2Allelopathic effect of Parthenium
debris
28
Effects on rice
Effect on Mungbean (at 30 DAS)
Effect on Soybean (at 30 DAS)
Experiment 3Exploitation of N by rice and Parthenium
N(kg /ha)
Initial soil
nitrogen( %)
Post harvest soil N
(Parthenium only)(%)
% Loss due to
Parthenium
Post harvest soil N
(Rice only) (%)
% Lossdue to
rice
60
0.222
0.181a 18.47 0.205 a 7.66
40 0.177ab 20.27 0.203 ab 8.56
20 0.174abc 21.62 0.194 c 12.61
0 0.166cd 25.23 0.189 cd 14.86
Effect of Parthenium on rice at 0, 20, 40 and 60 kg N/ha (W+P means rice grown with Parthenium)
33Jugantor, 7 Jan, 2010
34Bangladesh Samoym, 8 Jan, 2010
35Seminar at BAU, Mymensingh
Seminar on Parthenium at BARC, Dhaka
37
Beware of Parthenium
38
Parthenium awareness
39
Parthenium awareness
40
Conclusions
• Community awareness through different media
• Field surveys and phyto-sociological surveys to be started
• Immediate research on biology and ecology to be started
• Govt. should impose strict quarantine for importing goods from parthenium infested countries like India
41
Conclusions (Contd.)
• Effects of herbicides to control the weed• Screening of bio-control agents• Identifying competitive grasses• Parthenium Eradication committee should be
formed with the experts• Exploring beneficial uses especially for
making bio-herbicides and medicines