Part2 G01 MasterFrame FlatSlab Construction

8/7/2019 Part2 G01 MasterFrame FlatSlab Construction

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15 MasterFrame: Flat Slab Construction

15.1 Getting Started with Flat Slab

MasterFrame: Flat Slab Construction is a state-of-the-art program for the Analysis,

Design and Detailing of Single and Multi-Storey Flat Slab Construction in accordancewith section 3.7 of BS 8110: Part 1 : 1985.

MasterFrame: Flat Slab Construction enables the Engineer to detail as part of thedesign process, thus integrating the analysis, design, detailing and draftingprocesses into a single operation. Using the automatic design options, a multi-storeyframe with alternate loading cases can be set up, analysed, designed and detailed ina few minutes.

The analysis of the whole frame is carried out under both automatically generatedand additional user defined loads using the full MasterFrame Space Frame AnalysisEngine (Unlimited).

Exporting facilities to AutoCAD and MasterRC are provided. Scheduling is carriedout by MasterRC within AutoCAD or by using the separate stand-alone MasterRCbar scheduling module.

The program is easy to use, extremely reliable, very flexible and will increaseproductivity in a busy design office.

5.1.1 Analysis and Design Features

Member properties are automatically calculated from the frame geometry

Self-weight is automatically calculated from the frame geometry and the specifiedarea loads. Other loads can be specified as required

Additional member loads can be defined as in MasterFrame

Includes all MasterFrame powerful analysis features including partial fixity,

notional loads, support conditions and nodal and member loading

Suitable for designing ground slabs on pile caps

MASTERFRAME for WINDOWS - FLAT SLAB CONSTRUCTION T G 1 - 1


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Regular and irregular grids

Square, rectangular and circular columns

Varying Flair Head sizes

Varying Slab Drop sizes

Varying Edge Beam sizes

Varying Slab and Column projections

Bending Moment, Shear Force and Deflected Shape Diagrams

Any number of loading cases (8 automatically generated)

Up to 40 load groups (9 automatically used)

Optional wind loading

Automatic calculation of effective diameter of column heads

Automatic moment reduction around column heads

Automatic division of panels into column and middle strips

Automatic division of moment between column and middle strips

Automatic design of reinforcement

Automatic design for punching shear

Allowance for floor openings in punching shear calculations

Basic Steel can be defined throughout the slab and additional steel added whererequired

Preferred bar spacing can be specified

Quick and Easy method for rationalising the reinforcement

5.1.2 Operational Features

Quick automatic design

Short learning curve

Intuitive operation

Freedom to change and refine automatically designed structures

Easy to use, very fast with powerful editing facilities

Utilises all MasterFrame powerful editing features including frame generation,block editing, snap grid generation

A full summary of the design data is displayed with clear warnings of non-compliance

Results can be viewed and printed on a member-by-member basis or on acomplete North-South or East-West strip

Whilst viewing the results, AutoChange facilities are provided to enable theEngineer to rapidly select the most appropriate reinforcement

In-built on-screen training

Clear and concise output

Engineer friendly



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15.2 Starting MasterFrame : Flat Slab Construction

15.2.1 Loading MasterFrame Flat Slab

To start this tutorial:

Select Start >Programs>MasterSeries>MasterSeries forWindows to start theMasterSeries.

Select Flat Slab from

the top menu andthen MasterFrame :Flat Slab

Construction fromthe drop down menu.

15.2.2 The File Selection Menu

The MasterFrame FlatSlab File Selection menu will now be displayed.

This menu enables you to load existing files or create new data files. As eachexisting file is selected a picture of the frame is displayed in the window to assistyour selection.

Select the New File button to clear and set the focus to file name input box.

Type FS01 or any other new file name.

The Get File button has changed to Create New

Select Create New.

A17. MasterSeries : File Management



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15.3 Flat Slab Generation

15.3.1 Basic Data

The MasterFrame : FlatSlab Basic Data is now displayed:

This form enables you to define the basic flat slab data, which you can also changeat any stage by selecting the Basic Data option from the Flat Slab menu.

Please note that:

The slab projection, edge column outer face and edge beam details for the east,south and north faces default to those defined for west face.

The slab dead load is the additional dead load above the slab and drop self

weight which are calculated automatically by the program based on their thicknessand the concrete density.



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The slab thickness can be different in each level. A storey being defined by theminimum level height specifies in the @ Levels input box.

Click OK to continue.

15.3.2 Generating the East-West Section

The following screen enables you to define the east-west section through yourframe. You can change the number of spans, the number of storeys, define thedefault span and storey height, vary the spans and storey heights and define theBase Fixity %: 100 for fully fixed, 0 for pinned and any other value for partial fixity.

You can also define the column width, the flair head width, the slab drop width andthe overall drop thickness. You will be able to modify and vary the columns and theirdetails later using the Member Dimensions option from the Members menu.

Please note that, if your frame is irregular then remember that it is much easier todelete unwanted parts rather than add new nodes and members. The former

approach will also produce a better system of node and member numbering.

Click on the No. of SpansLabel

Type 4

Click on the No. of StoreysLabel

Type 1

Click Proceed

The next stage involvesgenerating the space framestructure.

15.3.3 Creating the 3D Structure



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Select Duplicate Framefrom the Flat Slab menu

This screen enables you todefine and vary the number ofrepeats and their spacingusing the drop list at thebottom of the screen. Allnodes in the frame will beautomatically selected.

Click on Shift Z

Type 4

Click on No of Repeats

Type 1

Click on Show New FrameSelect Duplicate Set No 1

from the Drop list found atthe bottom of the screen

Click on Shift Z

Type 6


Type 3

Select Duplicate Set No 2

from the Drop list

Click on Shift Z

Type 4


Type 1

Click Proceed

Click on the Park button

Click on the button tosave the work so far

Click on the button todisplay the frame membersin 3D

Let us now remove the flair head from the outer columns



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15.3.4 Changing Column Details

Select MemberDimensions from theMembers menu

Click on the south westcorner column

Click in the edit area at thebottom of the screen andchange the flair headdimension from 1400x0000to 0000x0000

Click on the Copy tooption

Click on each outer column

in turn and observe thechanges on the drawing

15.3.5 Changing the Frame Geometry

Let us now modify the floor plan

Select Shift X, Y and Zfrom the Nodes menu

Click on the button todisplay the frame in plan

viewDrag a box around a few of

the columns as shown inthe next screen

Click on the Shift Z label

Type 0.75

Click on Show New Frame

Click on Proceed

Click on Reset below the Nodes to Shift box

Click on the 3D view button

Click on the button to display a stick frame



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15.3.6 General Rules Concerning the Frame Geometry

MasterFrame Flat Slab Construction uses the analysis methodology given by BS8110 Pt. 1 cl. 3.7.2. In order for the program to calculate the correct effective slabstrip widths between columns and correct loading, there are several modellingcriteria which must be adhered to.

1. The slab strips between the columns must form four sided panels. Panel donot necessarily need to be rectilinear.

Valid Invalid

2. Any side of the panel must contain only one slab strip between two columns.In other words the panels must have only four columns, one at each corner

Valid Invalid

3. Two opposite faces of the panel must be in the East-West orientation (within 45 from the global X axis). The remaining two opposing faces must be inthe North-South orientation (within 45 from the global Z axis).

Valid Invalid



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4. All East-West direction members must have the lower node number on thewest (right) side. All North-South direction member must have the lower nodenumber on the south (lower) side. All column members must be vertical andhave the lower node number at the bottom of the column.

Valid Invalid

The following is an example of a valid Flat Slab model.



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15.3.7 Frame Loading

MasterFrame Flat Slab automatically calculates the member loads based on thespecified dead and live floor loads and the frame geometry. You can add othervertical and horizontal loads on any member by selecting Member Loading from themembers menu.

You can also add nodal loading and use all other MasterFrame analysis options.

By default MasterFrame Flat Slab will set up 8 loading cases for the frame asfollows:

Loading Cases 01 to 03

East-West members (panels) loaded with alternate loading (Ultimate)

These members are loaded using the D1, D2, L1 and L2 load groups

Loading Cases 04 to 06

North-South members (panels) loaded with alternate loading (Ultimate)

These members are loaded using the D3, D4, L3 and L4 load groupsLoading Case 07

East-West members (panels) loaded with live loading only (Serviceability)

These members are loaded using the L1 and L2 load groups

Loading Case 08

North-South members (panels) loaded with live loading only (Serviceability)

These members are loaded using the L3 and L4 load groups

Columns Self Weight

Columns self-weight is specified under the D0 load group.

You can add any other loading cases including those for wind just as you do withMasterFrame.

Let us analyse the frame and then view the data file and find out about some of thefacilities provided to help you check the frame loading.



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15.4 Analysing and Checking the Frame

15.4.1 Analysis

Select Analyse from the bar menu

The frame is now analysed for the 8 automatically generated loading cases

15.4.2 View Flat Slab Data

Click on the button todisplay the frame viewoptions

Select the Member LoadsTab

Click on any member to view

the automatically generatedloading:

Please note:

The use of the D1, D2, L1 andL2 load groups in the east-west members;

The use of the D3, D4, L3 andL4 load groups in the north-south members;

The use of the D0 load groupin the columns.

Please also note that the PDLY Partially Distributed Loads represent the additionalloads due to the self weight of the slab drops.

To gain a further insight into the frame loading we suggest that you view the data.

Select View Data from theData menu

Use the scroll bar toexamine the data

Click on Close to exit

Please note that the Filemenu offers an option tosave the frame inMasterFrame format. Thisenables you to examine thefull details of the frameusing various MasterFrametools.

Finally, let us view the loads graphically both individually by load group and thencombined and factored in each loading case.



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15.4.3 View Slab Loading

Click on the frame load diagram button

Drag the Load Diagram dialogue box to the bottom right hand corner of thescreen

Click on the 123kN button to view theload values

Click on the U to remove the underliningof distributed loads

Use the Spin buttons on the right handside of the load groups list to view theloads by group D1, D2, D3, D4, L1, L2, L3,L4, D0 to D9 and L0 to L9 and then AllGroups

Please note that the D0 load group is used for the self-weight of columns.

Use the Spin buttons on the right hand side of the loading cases list to view thefactored loads in each of the 8 loading cases. Be sure that All Groups isselected in the group list

Click on the top left hand corner of the Load Diagram dialogue box to close it



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15.4.4 Bending Moment, Shear Force and Deflected Shapes

Select Bending, Shearand Deflection fromthe Output bar menu

Check BendingMoment

Change the B.M. Scaleto 100

Change the Intervals to0.250m

View the BendingMoment Diagram forthe various loadingcases

Click on the Membercheck box

Select Envelope (Ultimate) from the loading cases list

Click on any member toview its shear force,bending moment anddeflection diagrams

Click on Close to exit



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15.5 Flat Slab Design

Select Design from the bar menu

15.5.1 Flat Slab Basic Data

The program automatically calculates the effective column head diameters inaccordance with 3.7.1.4 and the reduced design moments in accordance with3.7.2.6 and then it displays the Basic Design Data form on the screen.

This form enables you to definethe basic design data which youcan also change at any stage byselecting Basic Data from the barmenu.

Please note that the Basic Steelis the reinforcement providedthroughout the slab area. If youdo not wish to use basic steelyou can set all the diameters tozero.

You can also choose to includepanel deflection check in the slabdesign.

Select the Includedeflection checks option

Click OK to continue.

Please note that the effective column head diameters and the reduced designmoments can be displayed using the Design Moments from the Editing and ViewingOptions.

15.5.2 The Main Design Screen Layout



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The design screen displays the following main areas:

The Bar Menu

The MasterFrame Toolbar

The Editing and Viewing Options

The Frame Graphics Area

The Results Area with its Scroll Bar

The Editing Area with its Navigation Options

The Automatic Design Options

15.5.3 The Bar Menu

The File Menu provides options for saving, re-loading and exiting the program.

The Edit Frame option enables you to move to the frame editor to change the framegeometry and loading. You will have to re-analyse the frame after such changes.



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The Basic Data option displays the Basic Design Data on the screen, to enable youto change data such as, the concrete and steel grades, the minimum bar size andbar spacing to be used in the automatic design, the shear reinforcement grade,angle, bar size and maximum leg spacing and the basic steel bar size, spacing andcovers.

The Print Menu enables you toaccess the printer setup, print thecurrent screen (design) andaccess the MasterFrame Flat Slabprint manager to selectively printthe design results.

The Options menu enables you tomove the MasterFrame FlatSlabGraphics to display and printshear force, bending moment and

deflected shape diagrams andenvelopes.

The Help Menu provides you withaccess to the on-screen help, theShowMeHow video andinformation about the technicalsupport.

15.5.4 The MasterFrame Toolbar

As you work with MasterFrame FlatSlab for Windows the top Toolbar enables you to

manipulate the frame view quickly and access various viewing tools. So please takea few minutes to familiarise yourself with the various frame viewing tools.

3.?? The Top Toolbar

15.5.5 The Editing and Viewing Options

The editing & viewing options enable you to view & edit data in the following modes:

Member by member. Edit reinforcement & design output of selected member

Member by member summary. Design output summary of selected member.

East-West bottom steel in the selected complete stripNorth-South bottom Steel in a complete column strip



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East-West top steel in the selected complete strip

North-South top steel in the selected complete strip

Column heads effective diameter and reduced design moments

Move to Previous/ Next member or strip depending on the active modeScans all design output in search of design failures, and pauses on failuresencountered.

15.5.6 The Reinforcement Editing Area with its Navigation Options

You can select the part you wish to edit by either,

1. Clicking on the relevant member in the frame geometry area,

2. or while in a strip by strip viewing mode, clicking on the relevant part in the resultsarea.

To change the bar spacing, position the mouse pointer over the spacing value and

use the left mouse button to increase the spacing and the right mouse button todecrease the spacing. Similarly, to change the bar size, click on the left mousebutton to increase the bar size and the right mouse button to decrease the bar size.With each mouse click the spacing is changed by the Increment value specified inthe Automatic Design Options area.

You can click on +Basic to include or exclude the basic steel for each area.

In the Punching Shear editingarea you can experiment withchanging the size of the flairhead and slab drop. You canalso change the shearreinforcement bar size and themaximum bar spacing. TheReduce %u option enablesyou to reduce the calculatedpunching shear perimeter totake account of slab openingsin accordance with 3.7.7.7.

Also clicking on the yellowcross section drawing will

navigate to the correspondingdesign results in the designoutput area

15.5.7 The Automatic Design Options

The Automatic Design Options area enables you toautomatically design and/or reset the reinforcement for thecurrent member or the complete structure.

This area also contains the Increment option which is used to

increase or decrease dimension values in the editing area.



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You can use the Copy Reinforcement option to copy reinforcement details fromthe current member/area to other members/areas. The reinforcement is copied asyou click on any member in the frame geometry area. To return to normal member

editing mode click on the button.

Select the Auto Design ALL Button. This will automatically design thereinforcement to satisfy moment capacity for the whole frame.

15.5.8 Checking for Failures and Changing Slab Basic Data

Click on the button to search for design failures

A considerable number of members are failing in deflection since we choose to

include deflection checks in the basic design data. The basic data can bemodified by selecting Basic Data from the main menu. To address the deflectionproblem we can either increase the reinforcement, or increase the slab depth.Given that deflection is a problem for almost the entire slab we shall modify theslab depth.

Select Edit Frame from the mainmenu bar

Choose Yes to save your designdata

From the main menu select Flat

Slab, then Basic Data

Type 250 in the SlabThickness text box, overwritingall other contents

Click on OK

Select Analyse from the mainmenu

Select Design, then Flat SlabDesign

In the design screen select AutoDesign All

The slab is now satisfactory in deflection.

15.5.9 Member-by-Member

You can use the Member (Full) and Member (Summary) options to edit the data andview the results for member-by-member basis as follows:

Reinforcement Design in the Region of an East-West MemberSelect an East-West member e.g. Member 7



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You can edit and view the results for:

East-West Column Strip Along Member (Bottom Steel)

North-South Middle Strip At Right Angle to Member (Top Steel)

East-West Middle Strip on the North Side of Member (Bottom Steel)



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In each case you can use the scroll bar to view the results. You can also click on thekey diagram in the three editing areas to navigate the results screen and display therelevant results.

When editing in Member (Summary) mode the results for three areas aresummarised and shown simultaneously on the screen.

Reinforcement Design in the Region of a North-South Member

Select a north-south member e.g. Member 41.



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You can edit and view results for:

North-South Column Strip Along Member (Bottom Steel)

East-West Middle Strip At Right Angle to Member (Top Steel)

North-South Middle Strip on the East Side of Member (Bottom Steel)


When editing in Member (Summary) mode the results for three areas aresummarised and shown simultaneously on the screen.

The design screens are identical to those shown in the previous case.

Reinforcement Design Around a Column Head

Select a column member e.g. Member 61

You can edit and view results for: East-West Steel Over Column Head (Top Steel)

North-South Steel Over Column Head (Top Steel)

Punching Shear Around Column Head and Shear @ Failure Zones



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Shearreinforcement notrequired

You can use the Punching Shear Navigator (the yellow cross section drawing) totoggle the results view between the results for the Punching Shear Around ColumnHead and the Shear @ Failure Zones.

Shearreinforcementrequired


When editing in Member (Summary) mode the results for three areas are

summarised and shown simultaneously on the screen.



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15.5.10 Strip-by-Strip

The strip-by-strip method enables you to rationalise the steel reinforcement for thewhole slab. In this method, you can view and edit the results on a strip-by-strip basisas follows:

East-West Bottom SteelSelect an east-west member

Select East-West Bottom steel mode

North-South Bottom Steel

Select a north-south member

Select North-South Bottom Steel mode

East-West Top Steel



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Select a north-south member or any of its columns

Select East-West Top Steel mode

North-South Top Steel

Select an east-west member or any of its columns

Select North-South Top Steel mode

In all of the above cases you can edit the reinforcement in any part of the strip byfirst displaying the relevant items in the editing area and then modifying the datausing the mouse.



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15.5.11 Design Moments

The Design Moments option enables you to view the values of the elastic moments,effective column head diameters, the limiting moment (Clause 3.7.2.6) and thenegative and positive design moments for all east-west and north-south members.

Click on the button

15.5.12 The Frame Graphics Area

You can use the frame geometry area for zooming, panning and selecting membersand strips to design and/or view results.

15.5.13 The Results Area with its Scroll Bar

The program design output is displayed in the results area. You can use the scrollbar to view the various parts of the output. You can also use the quick navigation

provided by clicking on the key diagram in the editing area.When editing on a strip-by-strip basis you can click on any line of output toautomatically display its steel reinforcement data in the editing area.

Part2 G01 MasterFrame FlatSlab Construction

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