Part One - World Organisation for Animal...
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Part One Use of animal behavior in handling www.oie.int University of Queensland, Centre for Animal Welfare and Ethics Long distance transport by sea: animal welfare
Transcript of Part One - World Organisation for Animal...
Part One
Use of animal behavior in
handling
www.oie.intUniversity of Queensland, Centre for Animal Welfare and Ethics
Long distance transport by sea: animal welfare
www.oie.int
Scope of Training
• What is animal behaviour?
• Why is it important in relation to handling?
• Species specific issues.
• Good and bad handling practices for sea transport.
Terrestrial Animal Health Code Section 7.2.2: Animal Behaviour
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What is Animal Behaviour?
Behaviour is the actions or reactions of an animal.
Natural behaviours are those behaviours which an animal would perform under natural conditions.
Terrestrial animal code section 7.2.2: Animal BehaviourTerrestrial Animal Health Code Section 7.2.2: Animal Behaviour www.oie.int
Why is Animal Behaviour Important?
OIE guiding principles on animal welfare include the universally recognised “Five Freedoms”.
“Freedom to express normal patterns of behaviour” is one of the Five Freedoms.
OIE: Animal welfare at a glance www.oie.int
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Normal Behaviour
• Varies depending on breed, sex, temperament and age.
• Previous handling experiences will affect animal behaviour.
• Take standard behaviour patterns into consideration.
Terrestrial Animal Health Code Section 7.2.2: Animal Behaviour
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Typical Behaviour Patterns
• Most livestock are herd animals and will follow a leader.
• Animals often want to control their personal space.
• Domestic animals have a flight zone if a person comes too close.
Terrestrial Animal Health Code Section 7.2.2: Animal Behaviour
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Risk factors for cattle behaviour• Loading and unloading are times when
livestock are easily stressed, behave abnormally and suffer injuries
• Livestock can suffer from motion sickness on board ship. A forecast of sea conditions should be obtained and the captain should avoid rough seas, even if it means longer travelling
Terrestrial Animal Health Code Section 7.2.2: Animal Behaviour
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Flight Zones
• Can vary from close range to several metres.
• Should not be breached suddenly.
• Can cause panic and escape behaviour if breached.
Terrestrial Animal Health Code Section 7.2.2: Animal Behaviour
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Good Handling
• Use the point of balance at the animal’s shoulder to move them.
• Stand behind the point of balance to move an animal forward and in front to move it backward.
• Ensure mindful and gentle handling of animals.
Terrestrial Animal Health Code Section 7.2.2: Animal Behaviour
Moving cattle forwards using point of balance
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Poor Handling
• Kicking and throwing animals.
• Loud, sudden noises.
• Sudden breach of flight zone.
• Reduces meat quality.
Terrestrial Animal Health Code Section 7.2.2: Animal Behaviour
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Animal Handlers
• Handlers must be competent in handling and moving livestock.
• Should understand the behaviour patterns of animals.
Terrestrial Animal Health Code Section 7.2.2: Animal Behaviour
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Responsibilities - Owners
Owners and managers of animals are responsible for ensuringthe presence of adequate competent animal handlers for loading,
unloading and the journey.
Terrestrial Animal Health Code Section 7.2.3: Responsibilities
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Responsibilities - Handlers
• Humane handling and care of the animals in loading and unloading
• Referring animals to a veterinarian for examination when necessary.
Terrestrial Animal Health Code Section 7.2.3: Responsibilities
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Animal Behaviour and Responsibilities
Recognising standard animal behaviours allows handlers to ensure humane treatment during handling.
Behaviour changes in animals can indicate illness or injury, making them unfit to travel.
Terrestrial Animal Health Code Section 7.2.2: Animal Behaviour
www.oie.int
Avoid DistractionsDead ends
Dark entrancesMovement ahead
Loose hanging objectsLoud or sudden sounds
Reflections on shiny metal or wet floors Uneven floors/sudden drop in floor levels
Air currents blowing into the face of animals
Terrestrial Animal Health Code Section 7.2.2: Animal Behaviour
www.oie.int
Cattle
• Sociable animals. Agitated if isolated
• Crowding of cattle may increase aggression as they try to maintain personal space.
• Try to avoid “dead end” in passages
Terrestrial Animal Health Code Section 7.2.12: Species Specific Issues
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Sheep• Sociable animals, easily frightened
• Tend to “flock together”, especially when they are agitated.
• Become stressed if singled out for attention.
• Handle calmly - avoid activities which frighten, injure or cause agitation.
• Can negotiate steep ramps.
Terrestrial Animal Health Code Section 7.2.12: Species Specific Issues
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Pigs• Do not move easily, especially in
unfamiliar surroundings.
• Negotiate ramps and steps with difficulty.
• Serious aggression may result if unfamiliar animals are mixed.
• Highly susceptible to heat stress.Terrestrial Animal Health Code Section 7.2.12: Species Specific Issues
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Goats
• Should be handled calmly.
• Activities which frighten, injure or cause agitation should be avoided.
• Bullying is particularly serious in goats.
Terrestrial Animal Health Code Section 7.2.12: Species Specific Issues
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Camelids• Includes camels, llamas, alpacas, guanaco and
vicuna.
• Have good eyesight and can negotiate steep slopes.
• Load most easily in a bunch.
• Usually docile, will spit in self-defence.
• Gaps below partitions to be high enough so that legs are not trapped when animals rise.
Terrestrial Animal Health Code Section 7.2.12: Species Specific Issues
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Horses• Includes all solipeds, donkeys, mules, hinnies
and zebra.
• Have good eyesight and wide angle of vision.
• May be difficult to load if inexperienced or associate loading with poor transport conditions.
• Ramps should be as shallow as possible.
• When travelling in groups, shoes should be removed.
Terrestrial Animal Health Code Section 7.2.12: Species Specific Issues
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Discussion 1Taking into consideration the specific issues of handling sheep, is this loading procedure using good or bad animal handling practices?
What is the job of each person in the photo?
Terrestrial Animal Health Code Section 7.2.12: Species Specific Issues
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Discussion 2
Taking into consideration the specific issues of handling cattle, is this loading procedure using good or bad animal handling practices?
What is each person doing?
Terrestrial Animal Health Code Section 7.2.12: Species Specific Issues
Full guidelines for transport by sea available online
Terrestrial Animal Code
(Section 7: Animal Welfare)
www.oie.int
www.oie.intUniversity of Queensland, Centre for Animal Welfare and Ethics
Long distance transport by sea: animal welfare
