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UMTS Services

Part I: Basics

Bearer services and teleservices

Supplementary services

Multimedia services

QoS architecture

UMTS Networks 2Andreas Mitschele-Thiel 28-Jan-03

References

Kaaranen, et al, Ch. 7Walke, et al, ch. 103GPP TS 22.101: service aspects, service principles3GPP TS 22.105: services & service capabilities3GPP TS 22.004: supplementary services3GPP TR 23.907: QoS concept


Basic telecommunication services

TE MT PLMN possible transit

network

Terminating network

Bearer services

Teleservices

UE

UE: User Equipment MT: Mobile Termination TE: Terminal Equipment TAF: Teminal Adaption Function

TE TAF

The communication link between the access points may consist of a PLMN, one or more transit networks and a terminating network

The networks between the two access points typically use different means for bearer control

Source: 3GPP TS 22.105-5.0.0 , ch. 4


Basic telecommunication services

TE MT PLMN possible transit

network

Terminating network

Bearer services

Teleservices

UE

UE: User Equipment MT: Mobile Termination TE: Terminal Equipment TAF: Teminal Adaption Function

TE TAF

Bearer services providing the capability of transmission of information between access pointslow layer functions only

Teleservicesproviding the complete capability, including terminal equipment functions, for communication between users (according to protocols established by agreement between network operators)a set of upper layer capabilities utilising the lower layer capabilities (bearer services)

Examples: voice call, FAX, emergency call, SMS (point to point and cell broadcast) and Internet access Source: 3GPP TS 22.105-5.0.0, ch. 4 & 6


Bearer Services

Bearer services capability of transmission of information between access pointslow layer functions only

PS and CS domains provide a specific set of bearer capabilitiesBearer services are characterised by a set of end-to-end characteristics with requirements on QoS (networks and terminal)The characteristics and requirements shall cover major network scenarios, i.e. the cases when the terminating network is PSTN, ISDN, GSM, IP networks/LANs, X.25 and a PLMN

Requirements on bearer services:Information transfer characteristics describe the networks transfer capabilities for transferring user data between two or more access pointsInformation quality characteristics describe the quality of the user information transferred between two or more access points

Source: 3GPP TS 22.105-5.0.0, ch. 5


Bearer Services

Information transfer characteristicsTraffic types

guaranteed/constant bit ratenon-guaranteed/dynamically variable bit ratereal-time dynamically variable bit rate with minimum guaranteed bit rate

Traffic characteristicspoint-to-point (unidirectional, bidirectional (symmetric/asymmetric))unidirectional point-to-multipoint (multicast, broadcast)

Information quality characteristicsdata ratebit error ratemaximum transfer delaydelay variation

Source: 3GPP TS 22.105-5.0.0, ch. 5


Bearer Services – Supported End User QoS

Summary of applications in terms of requirements

Errortolerant

Errorintolerant

Conversational(delay <<1 sec)

Interactive(delay approx.1 sec)

Streaming(delay <10 sec)

Background(delay >10 sec)

Conversationalvoice and video Voice messaging Streaming audio

and video Fax

E-mail arrivalnotificationFTP, still image,

paging

E-commerce,WWW browsing,Telnet,

interactive gamesAcce

ptab

le e

rror

rate

Delays requirements


Bearer Services – End User Performance Expectations

Conversational/real-time servicesMedium Application Degree of

symmetryData rate

Key performance parameters and target values

End-to-end One-wayDelay

DelayVariation within a call

Information loss

Audio Conversatio-nal voice

Two-way 4-25 kb/s

<150 msecpreferred<400 msec limit Note 1

< 1msec

< 3% FER

Video Videophone Two-way 32-384 kb/s

< 150 msecpreferred<400 msec limitLip-synch : < 100 msec

< 1% FER

Data Telemetry- two-way control

Two-way <28.8 kb/s

< 250 msec N.A Zero

Data Interactive games

Two-way < 1 KB < 250 msec N.A Zero

Data Telnet Two-way(asymmetric)

< 1 KB < 250 msec N.A Zero

Note 1: The overall one way delay in the mobile network (from UE to PLMN border) is approximately 100msec.



Interactive services

Medium Application Degree of symmetry

Data rate


One-wayDelay

DelayVaria-tion

Information loss

Audio Voice messaging

Primarilyone-way

4-13 kb/s

< 1 sec for playback < 2 sec for record

< 1msec

< 3% FER

Data Webbrowsing- HTML

Primarily one-way

< 4 sec /page

N.A Zero

Data Transaction services – high priority e.g. e-commerce, ATM

Two-way < 4 sec N.A Zero

DataE-mail(server access)

PrimarilyOne-way

< 4 sec N.A Zero



Streaming services

Medium Application Degree of symmetry

Data rate


One-wayDelay

DelayVaria-tion

Information loss

Audio High quality streaming audio

Primarily one-way

32-128 kb/s

< 10 sec < 1 msec

< 1% FER

Video One-way One-way 32-384 kb/s

< 10 sec < 1% FER

Data Bulk data transfer/retrieval

Primarily one-way

< 10 sec N.A Zero

Data Still image One-way < 10 sec N.A Zero

Data Telemetry- monitoring

One-way <28.8 kb/s

< 10 sec N.A Zero


Bandwidth of UMTS Services

End-to-end packet switched traffic (peak channel rates)2.3 Mbit/s for the up- and downlink (6*384 kbps in early releases)

Average aggregate throughput of a cell (for both up and downlink)(Source: H. Menkes, Lucent Technologies, WirelessWeb, Aug. 2002)

Assumptions: interference, realistic RF conditions including fading, random traffic, random distribution of mobiles500-900 kbps per cell (compare to 95 kbps for GPRS cell)worse figures for individual TCP traffic


Supplementary Services

Supplementary servicesmodify or supplement a basic telecommunication serviceoffered to user together or in association with a basic telecommunication service

Examples of supplementary services: Call forwarding (unconditional, conditional)Call barring (restrict incoming/outgoing calls; subscriber- or operator-controlled)Number identificationCall waiting and call holdMulti-party callClosed user groups (restricted access rights)Advice of charge...

Source: 3GPP TS 22.105-5.0.0, ch. 4; see 3GPP TS 22.004-4.0.0 for details


Multimedia Services

UMTS supports multimedia services and provides the necessary capabilities to support these services

Definition: multimedia servicecombines two or more media components (e.g. voice, audio, data, video,pictures) within one callmay involve several parties and connections (different parties may provide different media components) => flexibility required to add and delete resources and/or parties

Multimedia service types

Interactive servicesconversationalmessagingretrieval services

Distribution servicesproviding user presentation controlnot providing user presentation control (e.g. traditional TV)


Multimedia Services – Interactive Services

Conversational servicesreal-time (no store and forward), usually bi-directional where low end to end delays (< 100 ms) anda high degree of synchronisation between media components (implying low delay variation)

Examples: Video telephony, video conferencing

Messaging servicesuser to user communication via store and forward units (mailbox or message handling devices).

Examples: combined voice and text, audio and high resolution images.

Retrieval servicesenable a user to retrieve information stored in information centersstart of information retrieval is under control of the user each information center accessed may provide a different media component, e.g. high resolution images, audio and general archival information


Multimedia Services – Distribution Services

Types of distribution servicesproviding user presentation control andnot providing user presentation control

Distribution services without user controlbroadcast services where information is supplied by a central source and the user can access the flow of information without any ability to control the start or order of presentation, e.g. television or audio broadcast services

Distribution services with user controlbroadcast services where information is broadcast as a repetitive sequence the ability to access sequence numbering allocated to frames of information => enables the user (or the user’s terminal) to control the start and order ofpresentation of information

3GPP specifications shall support single media services (e.g. telephony) and multimedia services (e.g. video telephony)all calls may become multimedia calls and there shall be no need to signal, in advance, any requirement for any number of multimedia componentshowever, it shall be possible to reserve resources in advance to enable all required media components to be available


Quality of Service: Basics

QoS attributes:data rateerror rate (bit, frame)delaydelay variation

How can the system ensure certain QoS attributes?reservation of dedicated resources for a connection (e.g. CS voice, RSVP)priorization of the use of a shared resource by a connection (e.g. DiffServ)

Basic functions to provide QoSadmission control (possibly including resource reservation)traffic classification (policing – user plane)traffic conditioning (traffic shaping – user plane)overload control


Bearer Services – Recap Source: 3GPP TS 23.107-5.3.0

TE MT UTRAN CN IuEDGENODE

CNGateway

TE

UMTS

End-to-End Service

TE/MT LocalBearer Service

UMTS Bearer Service External BearerService

UMTS Bearer Service

Radio Access Bearer Service CN BearerService

BackboneBearer Service

Iu BearerService

Radio BearerService

UTRAFDD/TDD

Service

PhysicalBearer Service


QoS Architecture for UMTS Bearer Services (user plane)

ResourceManager

Mapper

Classif

Cond.

ResourceManager

ResourceManager

Mapper

ResourceManager

Mapper

ResourceManager

ResourceManager

Cond.

Classif

Cond.

MT GatewayCN EDGEUTRAN

BB network serviceIu network serviceUTRA phys. BS

data flow with indication of direction

TE Ext.Netw.

Local BS External BS

Classification function (Class.) assigns user data units received from the external bearer service to the appropriate UMTS bearer service according to the QoS requirements of each user data unit

Traffic conditioner (Cond.) MT: provides conformance of the uplink user data traffic with the QoS attributes of the UMTS bearer serviceGateway: provide conformance of the downlink user data traffic with the QoS attributes of the UMTS bearer service

Mapping function marks each data unit with the specific QoS indication related to the bearer service performing the transfer of the data unit

Resource managers distribute its resources between all bearer services requesting transfer of data units on these resources Sources: 3GPP TS 23.107-5.3.0, TR 23.907-1.2.0


QoS Architecture (control plane)

QoS management functions to establish and modify a UMTS bearer service

signalling/negotiation with the UMTS external services

establishment or modification of all UMTS internal services

Transl. Transl.

Adm.Contr

RABManager

UMTS BSManager

UMTS BSManager

UMTS BSManager

Subscr.Control

Adm./Cap.Control

MT GatewayCN EDGEUTRAN

Ext.ServiceControl

LocalServiceControl

Iu BSManager

Radio BSManager

Iu NSManager

UTRAph. BS M

Radio BSManager

UTRAph. BS M

Local BSManager

Adm./Cap.Control

Adm./Cap.Control

Adm./Cap.Control

Iu BSManager

Iu NSManager

CN BSManager

Ext. BSManager

CN BSManager

service primitive interface

BB NSManager

BB NSManager

protocol interface

TE Ext.Netw.

Source: 3GPP TS 23.107-5.3.0, TR 23.907-1.2.0


QoS Architecture (control plane)

Check if the network entity supports the requested service and the availability of required resourcesCheck if the network entity supports the requested service and the availability of required resources

convertion between external service signalling and internal service primitives and attributes

convertion between external service signalling and internal service primitives and attributes

translation of RAB service attributes into radio bearer service and Iu bearer service attributes

provision of bearer services with the required attributes

Transl. Transl.

Adm.Contr

RAB Manager

UMTS BS Manager

UMTS BS Manager

UMTS BS Manager

Subscr. Control

Adm./Cap. Control

MT Gateway CN EDGE UTRAN

Ext. Service Control

Local Service Control

Iu BS Manager

Radio BS Manager

Iu NS Manager

UTRA ph. BS M

Radio BS Manager

UTRA ph. BS M

Local BS Manager

Adm./Cap. Control

Adm./Cap. Control

Adm./Cap. Control

Iu BS Manager

Iu NS Manager

CN BS Manager

Ext. BS Manager

CN BS Manager

service primitive interface protocol interface

BB NS Manager

BB NS Manager

TE Ext. Netw.

signalling between each other and with external instances to establish or modify a UMTS bearer service and ext. services

verification of administrative rights for using the service


QoS Parameters

UMTS Bearer Service Attributes

Traffic class [‘conversational’, ’streaming’, ’interactive’, ’background’]

Maximum bitrate [kbps]

Guaranteed bitrate [kbps]

Delivery order [y/n]

Maximum SDU size [bits]

SDU format information [bits] (needed for efficient RLC TM operation)

Error rate [erroneous SDUs, bit errors]

Transfer delay [s]

Traffic handling priority

Allocation/Retention Priority

Similar QoS attributes are used for Radio Access Bearer


QoS Parameters

UMTS bearer attributes defined for each bearer classTraffic class Conversational

classStreaming class Interactive class Background

class

Maximum bitrate X X X X

Delivery order X X X X

Maximum SDU size

X X

SDU format information

X X

Reliability X X X X

Transfer delay X X

Guaranteed bit rate

X X

Traffic handling priority

X

Allocation/Retention priority

X X X X

Source: 3GPP TR 23.907-1.2.0

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