Note: Nothing will be turned in for a completion grade. You are expected to do the work on your own and be prepared for a test over all material within this packet during the first week of school.

AP World History Summer Reading Assignment

Part I:

To help us prepare for next year we must begin in the summer! Please read and complete the guided

questions for Guns, Germs, and Steel by Jared Diamond and A History of the World in 6 Glasses by Tom

Standage.

The questions will NOT be turned in for a grade but you will have a quiz on the 1st day of school and a

test the second week over both books.

Do not wait until the last minute to complete this assignment as you will not be prepared.

Helpful Hints:

1. The book is a challenge. I know and understand this! You must work at actively reading and

interpreting what you have read. This will be a skill you utilize in college!

2. Use a dictionary! If you do not understand a word. Look it up!

3. When answering the questions you may use bullet points.

4. You may want to spend a little time becoming better acquainted with our world –

5. Concerns or Questions??? Email me at smpitts@canfieldschools.net

Guns, Germs, and Steel – Guided Reading Questions!

Prologue: Yali’s Question

1. What is Yali’s Question?

2. What are three considerations Diamond discusses as he ponders Yali’s question?

From Eden to Cajamarca

Chapter One: Up to the Starting Line

3. What was the “Great Leap Forward”? Which peoples did it impact, and what probably catalyzed this change?

Chapter Two: A Natural Experiment of History

4. What message is Diamond trying to convey with his focus on the conflict of the Moriori people?

5. What were the six environmental factors that contribute to the differences among Polynesian societies? Of the six, which do you think plays the greatest role in differentiation and why?

Chapter Three: Collision at Cajamarca

6. What happened at Cajamarca?

7. How did Atahuallpa come to be at Cajamarca?

Note: Nothing will be turned in for a completion grade. You are expected to do the work on your own and be prepared for a test over all material within this packet during the first week of school.

8. How did Pizarro come to be at Cajamarca? Why didn’t Atahualpa instead try to conquer Spain?

9. Why did Atahuallpa walk into the trap?

The Rise and Spread of Food Production

Chapter Four: Farmer Power

10. According to Figure 4.1 what is a prerequisite to the development of technology?

11. In one paragraph or less please summarize how domestication of livestock and farming changed societies.

Chapter Five: History’s Haves and Have-nots

12. Examine Figure 5.1 and Table 5.1; apply your knowledge of environmental and geographic factors to identify what these regions have in common. What environmental factors probably contributed to the success of these crops in their respective regions?

Chapter 6: To Farm or Not to Farm

13. What five factors contributed to the transition from hunter gatherer to farming?

Chapter Seven: How to Make an Almond

14. Describe three of the many factors that contribute to whether or not a plant becomes a crop that humans choose to domesticate.

Chapter 8: Apples or Indians

15. Indentify at least four of the Fertile Crescent’s advantages in terms of food production.

16. Identify New Guinea’s 3 severe limitations.

17. When comparing Eastern United States, New Guinea, and the Fertile Crescent, what caused such a great difference in production?

18. What happened when more productive crops arrived from elsewhere (p. 153)

19. What two conclusions does Diamond want to exaggerate?

Chapter 9: Zebras, Unhappy Marriages, and the Anna Karenina Principle

20. What is the Anna Karenina Principle (when applied to the domestication of animals)?

21. List the five major domestic mammals. List the minor nine.

22. What are six reasons that 134 of the 148 “big wild terrestrial herbivorous mammals” cannot be domesticated?

Chapter 10: Spacious Skies and Tilted Axes

23. How did the rate of spread in Eurasia’s East-West axes compare to the spread along the Americas North-South axes? (p. 178)

Note: Nothing will be turned in for a completion grade. You are expected to do the work on your own and be prepared for a test over all material within this packet during the first week of school. 24. In paragraph from, why was the spread of crops from the Fertile Crescent so rapid?

25. Why was the rate of diffusion in the Americas so slow?

From Food to Guns, Germs, and Steel

Chapter 11: Lethal Gift of Livestock

26. What are two historically famous epidemics?

27. What are the four common characteristics shared by lethal epidemics?

28. Why did the rise of agriculture launch the evolution of infectious diseases? (In complete sentences) (page 205)

29. List four diseases that are contracted from an animal.

Chapter 12: Blueprints and Borrowed Letters

30. What are the three basic types of writing systems and what is an example of each?

31. What civilization was first to develop a writing system and what was it called?

32. Why did writing arise and spread to some societies, but not to others?

Chapter 13: Necessity’s Mother

33. Look up technology in a dictionary. Define.

34. Bullet out the 14 factors historians have identified as catalysts for the creation of technology.

35. Of the 14, discuss two in complete sentences that you think have the most influential impact on the creation of new technologies.

Chapter 14: From Egalitarianism to Kleptocracy

36. Briefly summarize the four solutions Kleptocrats have resorted to maintain their control and elite lifestyle.

37. Summarize the three theories Diamond discusses to answer the question “How did small, noncentralized, kin-based societies evolve into large centralized ones in which most members are not closely related to each other?

38. How does food production in make features of complex societies possible? (Bullet four reasons)

Around the World in Five Chapters

Chapter 15: Yali’s People

39. Why did Australia not develop metal tools, writing, and politically complex societies?

40. Why didn’t more advanced technology reach Australia from its neighbors, Indonesia and New Guinea?

Chapter 16: How China Became Chinese

Note: Nothing will be turned in for a completion grade. You are expected to do the work on your own and be prepared for a test over all material within this packet during the first week of school. 41. What is Sinification? (look it up online if necessary)

42. How do the Chinese achieve and maintain Sinification?

43. What are some characteristics or accomplishments of the Chinese civilization?

Chapter 17: Speedboat to Polynesia

44. What languages are parts of the “Austronesian” family? (Fig. 17.1)

45. Study Fig. 17.2 and write a sentence summarizing the illustration.

46. What was the outcome of Austronesian expansion? (page 350!)

Chapter 18: Hemispheres Colliding

47. Using pages 354-357, make a chart that compares and contrasts Eurasian and Native American society prior to 1492.

48. Describe the five areas of technology that were contributing factors to Europe’s conquest of the Americas.

49. Referencing Table 18.1; Which is the earliest developing society? Second earliest? Third? Which societies never developed writing systems? Which never developed iron tools?

50. What has the Native American population reduced by (%) since 1492?

Chapter 19: How Africa Became Black

50. List the five major human groups in Africa around 1000 CE (AD).

51. How many different language groups exist in the African continent?

52. Describe the characteristics and growth of the Bantus.

53. What does Diamond project actually happened to the vanished Khoisan populations?

Epilogue: The Future of Human History as a Science

54. Describe Diamonds explanation for why Europe rose to be a global leader instead of China or the Fertile Crescent. (In paragraph form)

Note: Nothing will be turned in for a completion grade. You are expected to do the work on your own and be prepared for a test over all material within this packet during the first week of school.

Part II: A HISTORY OF THE WORLD IN 6 GLASSES by

Tom Standage (2005)

1. Summaries: For each of the six beverages, and for the epilogue, write a ½ page summary of

the author’s main points. Explain when, where, why and how that beverage became

important and what effect it had on world history. Give specific examples of how the

beverage affected history. Cite pages numbers of specific examples used.

2. Reading Questions: The questions provided are meant to jump start your historical thinking

skills. Do not copy other students work as this will not be turned in.

BEER

1. How is the discovery of beer linked to the growth of the first “civilizations”?

2. What does this history of beer in the ancient world tell us about the early civilizations?

3. What sources does the author use to gather his information on the use of beer?

4. What were some of the uses of beer by ancient cultures? Nourishment? Ritual? Religious?

5. How did beer “civilize” man, according to Standage?

6. What is the relationship between beer and writing, commerce, and health?

WINE

1. How did the use of wine differ from that of beer in ancient Greece and Rome?

2. How was wine used by the Greeks?

3. How and why did wine develop into a form of a status symbol in Greece?

4. How was wine consumed? What does this tell us about the ancient Greek culture?

5. How did the use of wine in Roman culture differ from that of ancient Greece?

6. What is the relationship between wine and empire, medicine, and religion?

SPIRITS

1. What is the origin of distilled spirits?

2. What is the connection between spirits and colonization?

3. How was the production of spirits connected to slavery?

4. What role did spirits play on the high seas?

Note: Nothing will be turned in for a completion grade. You are expected to do the work on your own and be prepared for a test over all material within this packet during the first week of school.

5. In the 18th century, how did spirits help Britain have a more superior navy than France?

6. Why were spirits an important staple in Colonial America?

7. How did rum play a role in the American Revolution?

8. What were the negative effects/uses of spirits? (Use entire chapter to answer this)

COFFEE

1. Who did Europeans get coffee from and how did it spread to Europe?

2. Why was it so important to Europe’s development that many people’s beverage of choice switched

from alcohol to coffee?

3. Describe coffee’s effect on the global balance of power (in terms of commerce).

4. How did coffee play a pivotal role in the scientific revolution? (give lots of detail)

5. How did coffee play a pivotal role in the ‘financial revolution’?

6. How did coffee play a pivotal role in the French Revolution? (give lots of detail and go into the

Enlightenment)

TEA

1. When did tea first become a mainstream drink in Asia? In Europe?

2. How did the consumption of tea in Europe differ from how it was consumed in China or Japan?

3. If tea arrived in Europe around the same time as when coffee did, why did it not find the immediate

success that coffee had?

4. How did tea transform English society? Who were its main consumers and what were some of the

new rituals that surrounded tea?

5. How was tea an integral part of the Industrial Revolution?

6. What was the connection between tea and politics?

7. How was tea connected to the opium trade and the Opium War of 1839-1842?

8. What role did the tea trade and production play in the British rule over India?

COCA-COLA

1. What was the origin of coke?

2. How was this beverage used medicinally and what were the additives?

Note: Nothing will be turned in for a completion grade. You are expected to do the work on your own and be prepared for a test over all material within this packet during the first week of school. 3. What was the relationship of coke and World War II?

4. How was coke thought of by the communist during the Cold War?

5. What is meant by “globalization in a bottle”?

6. How did Coca-Cola materialize into an American value? How did this help and hurt Coca-Cola?

(And, in some ways, America itself?)

Epilogue-Water

1. Describe how the scientific advancements of the 19th century brought the history of beverages full

circle.

2. Which water’s quality is more tightly controlled-tap or bottled?

3. How many people have no access to safe water today?

4. How has access to water affected international relations?

Note: Nothing will be turned in for a completion grade. You are expected to do the work on your own and be prepared for a test over all material within this packet during the first week of school.

Part III: Vocabulary I Must Know

Guns, Germs, and Steel: Auto-catalytic process Proximate Egalitarianism Kleptocracy Social organization Ruling elite Distinction Fragmentation Domestication Nomadic “Founder” crops Cuneiform Hegemony Metallurgy Infrastructure Sedentary agriculture Subsistence agriculture Diffusion Indigenous Neolithic Cultivation A History of the World in 6 Glasses: Fermentation Distillation Agriculture Age of Exploration Age of Reason Alchemy Social Class Alexander the Great American Indian American Revolution Aristotle Johann Sebastian Bach Francis Bacon Sir Joseph Banks Battle of tours Beer as Currency Bloodletting Jesus

6 Glasses continued... Boston Tea Party British Coffeehouses British East India Company in India British East India Company in China Buddha Bureaucracy Jimmy Carter Cereal Grains Enzyme Charlemagne Silk Roads Christianity and Wine Coca Cola in China Coca Cola in the Middle East Coercive Acts Coffee Christopher Columbus Dutch East India Company Thomas Edison Egypt Dwight D. Eisenhower Enlightenment Epic of Gilgamesh Fertile Crescent Benjamin Franklin French Revolution Marius Gaius Galen Galileo Galilee Ancient Greece Grog Johannes Gutenberg Alexander Hamilton Henry the Navigator Herodotus Hippocrates Homer Hong Kong Indian Mutiny Industrial Revolution

Note: Nothing will be turned in for a completion grade. You are expected to do the work on your own and be prepared for a test over all material within this packet during the first week of school.

6 Glasses continued... Julius Caesar Genghis Khan Nikita Khrushchev Lao-tzu John Locke King Louis XIV Marcus Aurelius Mesopotamia Molasses Act Montesquieu Muhammad Richard Nixon Opium War Paleolithic Plato Plutarch Marco Polo Rousseau Anwar Sadat Six Day War Adam Smith Ariel Sharon Socrates Joseph Stalin Sugar Act Symposium Taoism or Daoism Tea Act Theodosius I Harry Truman Consumerism Voltaire George Washington Water Whiskey Rebellion Zam Zam Cola Ziggurats Islam

Voyages in World History Chapters 1 and 2 Vocabulary: (To be done the 1st week of school) Mungo Man Ocher Homo sapiens sapiens Hominids Religion Neanderthal Beringia Monte Verde Carbon 14 Clovis Technological Complex Agriculture Neolithic Catalhoyak Mesopotamia Gilgamesh City-state Bronze Wheel Sumer Cuneiform Sargon of Akkad Empire Pharaoh Nubia Hieroglyphics Hittites Iron Monotheism Jew

Note: Nothing will be turned in for a completion grade. You are expected to do the work on your own and be prepared for a test over all material within this packet during the first week of school.

AP World General Vocabulary

A.D./C.E. Absolutism Anti-Semitism Agriculture Aristocracy B.C./B.C.E. Belief Systems Bias Bureaucracy Capitalism Chiefdom City-State Civilization Consumerism Commerce Demography Demographic Shift Diffusion Divination Dynasty Economic Interaction Economic/Political Prominence Economic System Egalitarianism Empire Epidemic Forager Forced Labor System Global Context/Perspective Global Processes Hyper Urbanization Imperialism Indentured Servant Interregional Isolationism Kingdom Lord/Vassal relationship Medieval Merchant Monotheism Nationalism Nation-State Nobility Nomad Ocean

Paleolithic Pandemic Papacy Pastoral Patriarchal Periodization Political Structure Polytheism Prehistoric Primary Source Revolution Scribe Sea Secondary Source Serf Shaman Slave State Steppes Trade System Urban

Note: Nothing will be turned in for a completion grade. You are expected to do the work on your own and be prepared for a test over all material within this packet during the first week of school.