part A hr audit

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1COMPANY BACKGROUND

Audit on: Anowara Garments LimitedHRM 480; Group: E

Part: A

Company Background

The merchandizing department

Anowara Group is a Company which will specialize in different types of woven Garment manufacturing. In the world of fashion today, a change is the order of the day. Anowara Garments will strategically take orders that enhanced and enriched both its employees' technical skills as well as its level of quality. The company will be positioned in accordance with its founding vision to compete in the area of high fashion and succeed with immaculate consistency.

Anowara Group was established in September at 1991 with a vision to build a premium Garments house to rival the finest in South Asia. The company founders imagined a manufacturing company with the ability' to deliver impeccable quality and punctual shipment in a framework of a professional, reliable and sincere business atmosphere. Ever since the inception of the company it has grown leaps and bounds and has very rapidly scaled the ladder of success; Anowara now has become a name to be reckoned with in the World of textiles. Anowara’s strength lies in greater transparency, timely delivery and a great customer service. Also over the span of nearly two decades our company has been lauded with laurels and awards, and certificates.

Since then, Anowara Group has strategically taken orders that enhanced and enriched both its employees' technical skills as well as its level of quality. The company is now in a position, in accordance with its founding vision to compete in the area of high fashion and succeed with immaculate consistency.

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Anowara Group specializes in the manufacture of high quality Men's Tee shirts/Sweaters/Polo Shirts. The Company’s Brand new machinery include's highly specialized equipment needed in the evolvement of high quality products. The Company currently exports its garments to its customers in France, Belgium and The Netherlands.

Anowara Group has a dedicated and professional Corporate Management Team with over a decade of experience in the field. It's Production Staffs have been directly recruited from the Top

Garment houses of the country. The Managing Director heads the company and they form a dynamic team able to address the high demands of such an industry.

Anowara Group specializes in the manufacture of high quality men's Tee shirts/Sweaters/Polo Shirts We also takes Orders in Varied Print and Fancy Embroidery. The company’s brand new machinery include highly: specialized equipment needed in the productive' of high quality Products. The company currently exports its garments to its customers in France, Belgium and The Netherlands.

Bangladesh is a hotbed of garments manufacturing, now ranking fourth in the list of garments exporting nations. Unfortunately, the Country, as a whole, has been unable to break into the arena of high Fashion as most of its exports cater to the lower end of the Clothing hierarchy. With this in-mind, Anowara Group seeks to become a driving force in an initiative by a selected few companies to change the foreign image of garments industry in Bangladesh by providing first-class quality with rock-hard commitment. The company wants to present itself as a "Different Kind of Company in a Different Kind of Bangladesh."

It has been recognized by the Labor Ministry of Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh as one of the top 10 worker friendly industry. With trust in continuous improvement of productivity, quality, service, relationship and human resource to achieve our goal of total customer satisfaction. For this they have a Team of Dedicated Quality professionals working 24/7 working on the AQL

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Standard Process. At Anowara They believe that quality is a corner stone of any industry and they make sure they cater the best to the clients.

Management

Mohammad Mahbub AlamManaging Director(Anowara Styles Ltd, Uttara Fabrics (Pvt.) Ltd,Anowara Knitting Ltd,Anowara Knit Composite Ltd,Anowara Fashions Ltd, Anowara Trendy Ltd,Anowara Cotton Ltd,Anowara Fabrics (Pvt.)

Mohammed Mahfuz AlamDirector(Anowara Styles Ltd, Anowara Knitting Ltd, Anowara Knit Composite Ltd, Anowara Cotton Ltd, Anowara Fabrics (Pvt.)

Mohammed Mansur AhmedDirector(Anowara Styles Ltd, Anowara Knitting Ltd, Anowara Knit Composite Ltd, Anowara Cotton Ltd, Anowara Fabrics (Pvt.)

Mohammed Mosabber AhmedDirector(Anowara Knit Composite Ltd,Anowara Fashions Ltd, Anowara Trendy Ltd)

Mohammed Monabber Ahmed

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Director

(Anowara Fashions Ltd & Trendy Ltd)

Anowara Garments will specialize in the manufacture of high quality Men's Tee shirts/Sweaters/Polo Shirts. With the advanced technologies, rich management experience, exquisite production process and unique, creative design thoughts, our products would enjoy good reputations both at home and abroad. It will also take Orders in Varied Print and Fancy Embroidery. The company’s brand new machinery include highly: specialized equipment needed in the productive' of high quality Products would allow us to have competitive advantage over other firms.

The Company’s Brand new machinery includes highly specialized equipment needed in the evolvement of high quality products. With the world shifting towards pinpoint accuracy with quick response production, the main focus is to maintain Quality standards and Schedule. Quality, Fit and Value are the essence of AG.The single factory will contain strong quality control mechanisms. The view is to identify customers as partners and the goal is to ensure that our relationship runs efficiently & smoothly. With proper utilization of its resources both human and machines, ALOgarments will attain permanent long term contracts with the biggest fashion houses of the world.

All the products that we provide are professionally designed and skillfully manufactured. We will also accept customized orders to meet your specific requirements. If anyone interested in any of our series of products, or need any related items, please contact us with details of your specific orders. We warmly welcome domestic and foreign friends to cooperate with us based on mutual benefits.

The Core activities of Anowara Garments

The core activity of Anowara Garments is making woven products. As it’s a manufacturing company they just focus on production. In the making of these products there are some variations and

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differences. Their production team will observes such things very carefully and thoroughly.

Main Tasks: Collecting Raw materials

Keep them in order

Categorize them in batch

Send them into production level

Make sure the Quality

Produce the final Product.

Their Vision:Their vision is to make the company number one in the RMG sector and take it in a suitable position in world market. It would be our first priority to make the company highest leading company in Bangladesh. They export our product in different companies around the world but we have one vision that is they will do our best to make in number one manufacturing company in Bangladesh.

THEIR BUSINESS PHILOSOPHIES Customer Focus: Develop partnerships and interfaces with Customers to identify their needs that can be translated to innovative products, services, and value.

Management Leadership: Create an environment that promotes constancy of purpose.

Associate Involvement: Provide opportunities that encourage personal growth and allow associates to reach their full potential; regardless of race, color, religion, sex, age, or national origin.

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Team Empowerment: Develop empowered Teams that take responsibility, accountability, and process ownership in order to fulfill the needs of their customers.

Continuous Process Improvement: Understand each process and statistically determine its capability and work for reduction of variation.

Supplier Relations: Build long-term relationships with suppliers, encouraging continuous improvement and innovation.

Environmental Responsibility: Conduct our operations in such a manner as to protect the environment.

Safety & Health Responsibility: Operate our facilities with the utmost regard for Safety & Health concerns.

Customer Commitment: The Customers are the most vital stakeholder to consider and should be given top most priority.

Knowledge Management: The Employees at Anowara will be encouraged to share their expertise among one another.

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Our ProductsAnowara Garments will earn expertise in producing various kinds of woven garment products such as:

Men's & Ladies'Jeans Trousers Shirts Shorts Skirts, etc

Furthermore, tailor-made and dedicated products according to our clients’ requirement such as sand wash, silicon wash, enzyme wash and normal wash, embroidery, prints, and other detailed accessories.

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RAW MATERIALS The materials that will be used will vary from fabrics of Cotton Spandex, 100% Cotton, 100% Polyester, Polyester Spandex and Polyester Rayon in various kinds of garment washing finishing. The threads would be sourced from Coats and other raw materials such as needles will also be sourced through nominated suppliers of the buyers.

Quality

Comfort, choice, trends, quality all standards which guide Anowara in the creation of it’s products.

Designs and material are carefully studied to offer you a collection that is always up-to-date, be it for the basic products or the trendy products.

So that its’ well-founded reputation for quality can never be doubted, Anowara only works with ring-spun cotton. This spinning not only procures constant and optimal printing properties but also gives a feel unequalled by other techniques.

Anowara has a perfect command of these techniques and only offers you the higher quality of these knitted fabrics.

Quality of the manufacturing process (most of it Öko-Tex certified) and ISO 9001 control right up to delivery which allows us to optimize fluxes and to satisfy delays and requirements

For environmental reasons, Anowara has chosen to have all the products of its range processed "AZO FREE". All the dyes used are free from Azo-type pigments, which are known to be harmful to the skin and to the environment. Anowara products have excellent Color fastness through the use of "reactive" pigments.

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But Anowara is also a specialist in women’s garments and T-shirts with a unique offer that resembles no other, by its quality and diversity.

Facility

Child Care Centre, Female Prayer Space, Medical Centre, Wide Dining Space and all other necessary supporting facilities are provided to ensure a very pleasing working environment for all as well as to enrich the quality of production.

Also have the following facilities for smooth operation:

Own Stand by Generator to run full factory.

Fire Protection System with two large stairs.

Sufficient volume of water reservoir at underground and overhead.

Quality Electrical cable with Mitsubishi circuit breakers used in MDB s & SDB s.

Toilet complex separate for male and female workers.

Sufficient tube lights are provided in all of working areas.

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Sufficient ventilation is provided by installing ceiling fans, and large windows.

Factory premises are always kept neat and clean.

“Child labor is a curse”. They believe and appreciate this international Slogan. They do not have any child labor. They not only abide by but also strongly maintain and appreciate this international slogan. They do not have any child labor.

They are always determined to supply high quality garments to the customer. They have a strong quality assurance team, & they have very tight control on the production line ensuring each garments are high finished quality. There are random check of quality from the time factory opens till closing time, to avoid mistake & wrong assortment. The q/a team also assures assortment, packing & carton making as per our customers requirement. So there is no way for wrong assortment & packing. Customer may keep confidence on their expert quality team and receive goods as per their desire choice without worrying at all.

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Their Customers

With their intricate designs, myriad colors and quality products they will lead their way to become one of the best manufacturers, buying-agent and exporters of all types of readymade woven garments for men, women and children in Bangladesh.. The company currently exports its garments to its customers in France, Belgium and The Netherlands.

▌ Polo Ralph Lauren

▌ Tommy Hilfiger

▌ Gap Inc.

▌ W.E. Stephens Manufacturing Company

▌ Dockers

▌ JCPENNYS

▌ NEXT

Glance At the Garments Industry

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The tremendous success of readymade garment exports from Bangladesh over the last two decades has surpassed the most optimistic expectations. Today the apparel export sector is a multi-billion-dollar manufacturing and export industry in the country. The overall impact of the readymade garment exports is certainly one of the most significant social and economic developments in contemporary Bangladesh. With over one and a half million women workers employed in semi-skilled and skilled jobs producing clothing for exports, the development of the apparel export industry has had far-reaching implications for the society and economy of Bangladesh.

RMG sector plays a pivotal role in the economy of Bangladesh. About 74% of the country's foreign currency earnings are earned by means of readymade garment export. There are more than 3000 garment factories scattered around the country employing more than 1.8 million workers and most of the workers in this sector are women. This sector is the single most and biggest employer of women labor in the country and it has instilled a sense of strength in its economy. Beside this, more than 15 million people work in related industries from button-makers to truckers to insurance underwriters. Almost 85 percent of garments workers are women and most of them have come from villages.

The export oriented garment industry in Bangladesh made its first appearance in 1977-78 with 9 enterprises – generating export earnings of only I million and now the yearly export earnings of Bangladesh through RMG is about US $ 5.2 billion.

The year 2005 is expected to be the most crucial year for the RMG sector. The Multi-Fiber Arrangement (MFA) is going to be replaced by the Agreement on Textile and Clothing (ATC) for all 147-member counties of the WTO in January 2005. With this, major changes in the garments industries all over the world are anticipated. Consequently some countries will lose and some will gain. Bangladesh is so far predicted as one of the major losers. Initiatives are required to protect our most potential and prosperous industry whose development rate is now on an average 20 percent per annum. The total number of workforce employed in this sector is 1.8 million, which is half of the total industrial workforce of the country.

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RMG sector performances a noteworthy role in the economy of Bangladesh. About 74% of the country's foreign currency wages are earned by method of readymade garment export. It is examined a finance after the every component of venture is done with an intention of dealing to home countryside or host countryside to earn currency

Introduction of MFA:

Blessings for Bangladesh

The MFA was introduced in 1974 to work as a short-term protection measure for the textile and clothing industries in developed countries against the competitions and trade imbalances created by the low-priced apparel manufactured in developing countries.

Introduction of MFA in 1974 saw the start of our garments industry's rise. As the agreement kept countries like India, which had vast garment industries at bay, small countries like Bangladesh happily reaped the benefit. The MFA that created a guaranteed market for Bangladesh's RMG in USA and Canada, two of the world's biggest consumers of garments, inspired a boom in our garment industry since the early eighties. The expiry of MFA means lifting of all quotas and restrictions on clothing imports resulting in world trade in textiles to be fully liberalized. That means Bangladesh no longer has the guaranteed market of its RMG to USA, which consumes about 43 percent of the country's total apparel market. The US is the biggest buyer of our RMG.

Every year places corresponding quotas - the quantities of specified portions, which can be marketed between them. The MFA does not request to deal between affluent industrialized places themselves.

According to the MFA, every year countries agree quotas - the quantities of specified items, which can be traded between them. The MFA does not apply to trade between rich industrialized countries themselves. After introduction of the MFA, Asia has

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become the world's foremost exporter. Initially production was concentrated in the East Asian countries Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taiwan, but by the middle of the 1980s other Asian countries became major producers. Bangladesh, Cambodia, Nepal, Haiti, Laos, Lesotho, Madagascar, and Myanmar emerged as major exporters of garment manufactures.

Bangladesh is a good example of a country that was benefited from quota restrictions on other countries' exports under the MFA. Both MFA and General System of Preferences (GSP), introduced in 1971, gave Bangladesh generous access to European Union (EU), Canada, and USA markets. Within ten years, RMG had overtaken the country's leading exports of jute, tea, shrimp and leather and developed into the country's single most important industry for employment and foreign exchange earnings (export earnings of this sector reached $5.2 billion in 2004 from $31 million in 1983).

The Government of Bangladesh's fiscal and financial support such as duty drawback facilities, tax holidays, cash assistance, income tax rebate facilities, zero tariff on machinery input, rebate on freight and power rate, bonded warehouse facilities, provision of import under back-to-back L/C, credit at confessional rate, export credit guarantee scheme, and retention of foreign exchange earned by the exporters, also facilitated the growth in this sector. Both MFA and General System of Preferences (GSP), introduced in 1971, gave Bangladesh generous access to European Union (EU), Canada, and USA markets.

MEMBER OF WTO:

Bangladesh is a member of the World Trade Organization and its exports of RMG products are benefiting from the Most Favored Nation status including the post-Uruguay Round tariff rates and reductions in them made by all major developed nations. Bangladesh is a favored partner in the Generalized System of Preferences of the EU. It is also a signatory to the Uruguay Round Agreement on Textiles and Clothing. It concluded bilateral Multi-fiber Agreement (MFA) on trade of textiles and clothing with Canada, EU and USA. MFA restrictions on textiles and apparel trade will be withdrawn in phases by 2005 creating a more competitive

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environment when access to export market will not be as assured as under the current quota system.

The overall growth performance of modern textiles excepting the export-oriented garments industry has been very poor with only very limited investment taking place in weaving sub-sectors and relatively more new investment in the spinning sub-sector. Modern textiles have developed in a haphazard and footloose manner with little balancing among spinning, weaving, and dyeing-printing-finishing sub-sectors. Most mills are unbalanced with their own structures, and suffer from technological and production shortcomings.

Over the years the links between the downstream textiles and garments sub-sector remained weak. Bangladesh entered into export market of readymade garments (RMG) in late 70’s and since then it has shown great potential for export earnings. Exports of RMG products have grown exponentially over the last two decades and consequently contribute a major chunk in the foreign exchange earnings.

DEFINING RMG BUSINESS

What is known as the textile industry includes all the steps necessary to transform fiber into fabric that is ready for stitching sold either in the market or used in the RMG, or ready-made garment sector. It is considered a business when the whole task is done with an objective of trading to home country or host country to earn money.

Defining Quota System

Quota system affects an economy in two different dimensions. Economies, which are not competitive enough, can have a share of the market taking the advantage of quota allocated to it. On the other hand, economies, which are competitive enough, cannot enjoy

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as much market share as they can afford because those cannot cross the limit of the quota.

When quota will be phased out, the economies of the first kind like those of Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Myanmar are afraid that they would lose global market share. On the other hand, the economies of the second kind those of China, Thailand etc. are expecting to gain more share of the global market.

Under the MFA, the industry is enjoying quota facilities in the US, EU and Canadian Markets, out of which US is the leading buyer of the country’s ready-made garment exports.

The system of quota affects an economy in couple dissimilar dimensions. Economies, which are not competitive enough, can have a portion of the market taking the gain of quota allocated to it. On the other hand, economies, which are competitive enough, cannot love as much market portion as they can afford because those cannot pass the constraint of the quota.

History Of Garments IndustryTraditionally, artisans working in small groups, in what are often referred to as cottage industries, produced most of the Ready Made Garments in the sub-continent. There were many such artisans in the area that was to become Bangladesh. In fact, from prehistoric times until the Industrial Revolution in the eighteenth century, East Bengal was self-sufficient in Ready Made Garments. Its people produced Muslin, Jamdani, and various cotton and silk fabrics. These were all well regarded even beyond the region as they were manufactured by very skilled craftsmen.

The material produced by the artisans of Bengal started facing vigorous competition beginning in the eighteenth century after the growth of mechanized RMG mills in the English Midlands. This eventually led to a great decline in the number of Bengali workers skilled enough to produce such high quality fabrics. According to popularly held beliefs, as the region's spinners and weavers meant competition for their emerging RMG industry, the British imperialists responded by trying to force the artisans to stop production. They were said to have sometimes used methods as harsh as cutting off

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the thumbs of the craftsmen so they would never be able to spin or weave again.

However, after 1947 and the partition of East and West Pakistan from India, most of the capital and resources of Pakistan came under the control of West Pakistanis. The RMG industry thus stagnated in East Pakistan as momentum for development shifted from the eastern part of the country to the west. The west also grew more cotton than the east, which was used as a plea for developing the industry in the west instead of in the east. The majority of all industries in the east were also owned by West Pakistani industrialists.

When Bangladesh gained its independence from Pakistan in 1971, the new government nationalized the RMG industry, as it did with many other businesses in which West Pakistanis had been the principal owners. Although there were some Bangladeshi industrialists, they did not form a large or politically powerful group and thus had to surrender control of their factories to the government as well.

Classification Of RMG Industry Of Bangladesh

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Today, the RMG industry of Bangladesh can be divided into the three main categories: the public sector, handloom sector, and the organized private sector. Each of these sectors has its advantages and disadvantages. Currently, the organized private sector dominates, and is also expanding at the fastest rate.

Growth of RMG in Bangladesh:The export oriented ready-made garment industry made it first appearance in Bangladesh in 1977 with 9 enterprises generating export earning only Tk 1 million. In 1981 there were only 21 export oriented garment units generating export earning of Tk 53 million. As of June 1996 there were 1830 export oriented RMG units with 101 thousand sewing machines having annual production capacity of 1510 million pieces and with employment of about 1.2 million. At present there are more than 2200 export oriented RMG units in the country. Currently the rate of development in the overall RMG sector in Bangladesh is very fast and the country already across 4 billion US $ annually. The RMG sector has made a tremendous impact on the nation's socio-economic environment. It has generated employment for about 1.8 million woman workers, who mostly came from the rural areas. Above 90 per cent of the total workers in this industry are women.

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Growth of Ready Made Garment Factory in

Bangladesh

Revenue growthThe phenomenal growth in RMG was experienced in the last decade. With about 2,600 factories and a workforce of 1.4 million, RMG jointly with knitwear accounted for more than 70% of total investments in the manufacturing sector during the first half of the 1990's. The growing trend in RMG sector presents itself particularly appealing to the foreign investors.

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Actors in RMG IndustryThe study of the role of services in RMG industry has revealed that- production planning, input procurement, management-accounting, banking and insurance, shipping service, port service, transport and communication service, electricity, legal counseling, sales and distribution, security, data processing, and some special services are widely used in RMG manufacturing firms.

Some of these services are internally procured, some are procured partly from internal sources and partly from outside suppliers, and some services are entirely procured from outside suppliers. The outside supplies of services, again, may come from domestic private suppliers or national government or may be imported from abroad.

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Business does not perform well just by accident. Good performances occur because of the people directing the affairs of the business, and their interaction with the environment in emphasizing on the company’s strengths and eliminating any underlying weaknesses. Thus, the assessment of strengths, weakness, as well as opportunities, and threats become an essential task for management.

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STRENGHWhat we are good at, and are doing well

WEAKNESSWhat we are not good at, and are not doing

well

OPPORTUNITYThe events and trends

favourable to the group

THREATThe events and trends

unfavourable to the group

SWOT

A Audit on: Anowara Garments LimitedHRM 480; Group: E

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22SWOT ANALYSIS

The SWOT analysis is an extremely useful tool for understanding and decision-making for all sorts of situations in business and organizations. SWOT is an acronym for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. Strengths and weaknesses are internal factors. Opportunities and threats are external factors. SWOT Analysis is instrumental in strategy formulation and selection. It is best when used as a guide, and not as a prescription. Successful businesses build on their strengths, correct their weakness and protect against internal weaknesses and external threats.

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23SWOT ANALYSIS

Human Resource Planning Model:

Techniques

Trend analysis Managerial

estimates Delphi technique

Considerations Product/service demand Technology Financial resources Absenteeism

/turnover

Organizational growth Management philosophy

External Considerations

Demographic changes Education of the

workforce Labor Mobility Government policies Unemployment rate

Techniques

Staffing tables Markov analysis Skills inventories Management

inventories Replacement charts Succession Planning

(Shortage) Recruitment

• Full-time• Part-time• Recalls

(Surplus) Reductions

• Layoffs• Terminations• Demotions• Retirements

FORECASTING SUPPLY

FORECASTING DEMAND

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24SWOT ANALYSIS

Strengths:Bangladesh’s garments industry including Anowara Garments had the major advantage of cheap labor and this shall remain to be one of the major strength of Anowara Garments Limited.

JUSTIFICATION:

One of the major factors that attracted the developed countries towards Bangladeshi Industry is the cheap labor. Bangladesh industrial market has the major advantage of cheap labor, which remains the main strength of Bangladeshi garments sector. Therefore, when the labor is cheap the production cost reduces and this leads to increased profit.

Relatedness with the Human Resource Planning (HRP) model:

Management Philosophy and Organizational Growth:

Organizational Growth has a direct correlation in determining estimates for forecasting demand of recruitments. An increase in organizational growth level would lead to recruitment by means of full- time, part-time or recalls positions.

Justification of why is it under the model?

ConsiderationsManagement Philosophy

Organizational Growth


Full-time Part-time Recalls

Techniques

Trend analysis

Managerial estimates

Delphi technique

FORECASTING DEMAND

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25SWOT ANALYSIS

It is under the model because both management philosophy and organizational growth are being influenced by the Anowara Garment’s Cheap Labor. Thus it falls under the HRPP model.

Anowara Garments Limited has the competitive advantage of strong serving in their products.

JUSTIFICATION:

Ensuring high quality and strong sewing should be the competitive advantage for any garment factory. Due to this reason, sewing has the highest priority, among all the production activities, for Anowara Garments Limited. Thus it works as a competitive advantage and would help Anowara Garments sustain after the MFA period in the struggling RMG industry of Bangladesh as well as remain competitive in the global market.


Product or Service Demand:

Product or service demand has a direct correlation in determining estimates for forecasting demand of recruitments. A shortage in demand of a particular product or service of any given company would lead to recruitment by means of full- time, part-time or recalls positions.


Considerations

Product/ Service Demand


Full-time

Part-time

Recalls

Techniques

Trend analysis


Delphi technique

FORECASTING DEMAND

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26SWOT ANALYSIS

It is under the model because Product and service demand are being influenced by the Anowara Garment’s competitive advantage. Thus it falls under the product/service demand of the HRPP model.

The major products of Anowara garments limited are focused mostly on woven wears which brings about the most exports earnings in the RMG Industries

JUSTIFICATION:

Woven wears being the most export earnings in the RMG and Textiles Industry. Three thousand two hundred and fifty-eight woven garments were exported from Bangladesh lately out of a total number of six thousand five hundred and forty eight major products. This along with two more facts- its strong sewing and a certain degree of acceptability in the global market- puts Anwar Garments Limited in quite a profitable position in the market.


Product or Service Demand and Organizational Growth:

Considerations

Product/Service Demand



Full-time

Part-time

Recalls

Techniques

Trend analysis


FORECASTING DEMAND

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27SWOT ANALYSIS

Product or service demand has a direct correlation in determining estimates for forecasting demand of recruitments. A shortage in demand of a particular product or service of any given company would lead to recruitment by means of full- time, part-time or recalls positions. Organizational growth level also has a direct correlation in determining estimates for forecasting demand of recruitments.


It is under the model because Product and service demand are being influenced by the Anowara Garment’s woven products. Thus it falls under the product/service demand and organizational growth of the HRPP model.

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28SWOT ANALYSIS

Anwar Garments limits preferences for non-quota orders will also act as a strength for them after the phasing out of MFA

JUSTIFICATION:

Anwar Garments Limited works on both quota and non-quota task. They prefer non-quota orders for greater reliability and quality assurance for the upcoming future changes in the industry. In the post MFA period, business might decrease for a period of time but not cease entirely. Its non-quota orders will protect the company from meeting its doom. This fact works as strength for the company since its business is not completely dependent on the quota, after the phase out of MFA it will not be in a severe crisis like most of the other companies of Bangladesh RMG sector.


Considerations



Full-time

Part-time

Recalls

Techniques

Trend analysis


FORECASTING DEMAND

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29SWOT ANALYSIS

Organizational Growth:



It is under the model because organizational growth is being influenced by the phasing out of MFA. Thus it falls under organization growth of the HRPP model.

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30SWOT ANALYSIS

Anowara garments limited is a non-unionized factory and so it does not have the hassle of facing any problems regarding the trade union.

JUSTIFICATION:

Anowara Garments Limited is a good harmony with its employees and that is why the employees never felt to have any union in the company. In another view, as the workers are mostly illiterate and are not aware of their rights, union is not possible to form in a company such as this. This saves Anowara garments Limited from worrying hassle of facing any problems regarding the trade union.


Management Philosophy:

Management philosophy means the options (judgments) of the top executive as well as the bottom line executive and other knowledgeable persons about the organization’s overall strategy.

Justification of why is it under the model?It is under the model because management philosophy is being influenced by the problem faced with the trade union. Thus it falls under the HRPP model.

Considerations

Management Philosophy


Full-time

Part-time

Recalls

Techniques

Trend analysis


FORECASTING DEMAND

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31SWOT ANALYSIS

Anowara Garments have satisfied and motivated workforce which fosters the increase of production.

JUSTIFICATION:

Anowara Garments Limited has a satisfied and motivated workforce due to the wages and facilities provided by the company. Even though the basic wage is not much high the company provides few beneficial incentives. The company provides a clean working arrangement for its employees. There are separate clean toilets in every floor and department, and places in the factory ground for the employees to have their own lunch. They also have a maximum workplace safety measures to maintain these protections carefully.


Management Philosophy and Absenteeism/turnover:

Management philosophy means the options (judgments) of the top executive as well as the bottom line executive and knowledgeable persons about the organization’s overall strategy. Absenteeism on the other hand deals with employee retention and efficiency.

Justification of why is it under the model?It is under the model because management philosophy and Absenteeism/ turnover are being influenced by the Anowara Garment’s motivated workforce. Thus it falls under the HRPP model.

Considerations


Absenteeism/ Turnover


Full-time

Part-time

Recalls

Techniques

Trend analysis


FORECASTING DEMAND

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32SWOT ANALYSIS

Anowara Garments limited has established goodwill for themselves due to a number of their administrative, operational and ethical practices.

JUSTIFICATION:

Anowara Garments Limited has established a number of ethical practices in its administrative and operational activities. Firstly, it highly discourages child labour and uses no child labor in its work. Secondly, it undertakes maximum safety measures; like enough fire extinguishers, spare emergency exit routes unlike most other garments in Bangladesh, and also maintain them very carefully.



Organizational Growth has a direct correlation in determining estimates for forecasting demand of recruitments. Management philosophy on the other hand means the options (judgments) of the top executive as well as the bottom line executive and other knowledgeable persons about the organization’s overall strategy.

Justification of why is it under the model?It is under the model because both management philosophy and organizational growth are being influenced by the Anowara Garment’s administrative, operational and ethical practices. Thus it falls under the HRPP model.

Considerations




Full-time

Part-time

Recalls

Techniques

Trend analysis


FORECASTING DEMAND

G

Job Details


Part: A

33SWOT ANALYSIS

Good relation with supply chain and BGMEA.

JUSTIFICATION:

Anowara Garments Limited has a good relation with supply chain and Bangladesh Garments Manufacturers and Exporters Association Good Relation with importers of raw materials allows them to have consistent supply of raw materials as required. Good relation with BGMEA allows them to solve labor issue and financial setbacks. Also having a good relationship with BGMEA helps them to attract foreign clients and enhance local markets.



Organizational Growth has a direct correlation in determining estimates for forecasting demand of recruitments. An increase in organizational growth level would lead to recruitment by means of full- time, part-time or recalls positions. Management philosophy on the other hand means the options (judgments) of the top executive as well as the bottom line executive and other knowledgeable persons about the organization’s overall strategy.

Justification of why is it under the model?It is under the model because both management philosophy and organizational growth are being influenced by the Anowara good relation with supply chain. Thus it falls under the HRPP model.

Considerations




Full-time

Part-time

Recalls

Techniques

Trend analysis


FORECASTING DEMAND

G

Job Details


Part: A

34SWOT ANALYSIS

Weakness:Anowara Garments Limited has major HRD problems

JUSTIFICATION:

Human resource department of a firm is considered one of the most important departments of any organization. It motivates employees and creates equity among compensation. Anowara Garments Limited has major HR problems such as faulty recruitment process, Lack of succession planning. Thereby a good human resource department will allow them to solve issues such compensation equity and job retention problems to a significant extent.


Management Philosophy:

Management philosophy means the options (judgments) of the top executive as well as the bottom line executive and other knowledgeable persons about the organization’s overall strategy.

Justification of why is it under the model?It is under the model because both management philosophies are being influenced by the Anowara Garment’s HRD problems. Thus it falls under Management Philosophy of the HRPP model.

Considerations



Full-time

Part-time

Recalls

Techniques

Trend analysis


FORECASTING DEMAND

G

Job Details


Part: A

35SWOT ANALYSIS

Inadequate Backward Linkage Facilities

JUSTIFICATION:

Not having a proper backward linkage is a big weakness. It has to rely on imports of fabrics to ensure production on time. Backward linkage ensures an industry with sufficient raw material. Due to inadequate backward linkage facilities, raw materials supplies are being inconsistent during the last few years. Bangladesh heavily depends on imported fabrics to meet the demand for domestic as well as export-oriented RMG industry.


Organizational Growth:


Justification of why is it under the model?It is under the model because organizational growth is being influenced by the Anowara Garment’s inadequate backward linkage facilities. Thus it falls under the organizational growth of the HRPP model.

Considerations



Full-time

Part-time

Recalls

Techniques

Trend analysis


FORECASTING DEMAND

G

Job Details


Part: A

36SWOT ANALYSIS

Lack of proper technical knowledge of most of the employees results into mishandling of export issues and high lead time

JUSTIFICATION:

Another weak point for the RMG industry of Bangladesh is inefficient lead time which is a result of the previous point “inadequate backward linkage” and unskilled labor force. Due to inefficient lead time Anowara Garments Limited production gets hampered and it may lead to a pretty low production rate compared to the capability of the industry. Inadequate backward linkage and unskilled labor force are some the key issues relating to higher lead time.





It is under the model because both management philosophy and organizational growth are being influenced by the Anowara Garment’s administrative, operational and ethical practices. Thus it falls under the HRPP model.

Considerations




Full-time

Part-time

Recalls

Techniques

Trend analysis


FORECASTING DEMAND

G

Job Details


Part: A

37SWOT ANALYSIS

Less Diversified:

JUSTIFICATION:

Bangladesh exports only to a small number of countries and majority of the revenue is earned from those countries only. Less diversification can badly impact the industry if these countries go through a recession or a change in law. The regular product of nowara Garments Limited are Shirt, Blouse, Short, Swimming wear, Fleece Top, T-Shirt, Boxer, Children wear set & Trouser etc.


Management Philosophy, Organizational Growth and Product:



It is under the model because both management philosophy and organizational growth are being influenced by the Anowara Garment’s less diversification of export market. Thus it falls under the HRPP model.

Considerations



Product/ Service Demand


Full-time

Part-time

Recalls

Techniques

Trend analysis


FORECASTING DEMAND

G

Job Details


Part: A

38SWOT ANALYSIS

The lack of product development and design and the capacity of keeping up with ever changing fashion add to the weakness of Anowara garments limited.

JUSTIFICATION:

Changes in fashion and taste are more frequent now than ever before. Any industry that cannot keep with this fact is sure to the weakling. Anowara Garments Limited has current products not very much developed. This fact puts this industry here in a very weak position among all the other well-developed and up-to-date designed products of other countries.


Product or Service Demand and Organizational Growth:

Product or service demand has a direct correlation in determining estimates for forecasting demand of recruitments. A shortage in demand of a product of any given company would lead to recruitment by means of full- time, part-time or recalls positions. Organizational growth level also has a direct correlation in determining estimates for forecasting demand of recruitments.

Justification of why is it under the model?It is under the model because Product and service demand are being influenced by the Anowara Garment’s products. Thus it falls under the product/service demand and organizational growth of the HRPP model.

Considerations

Product Demand



Full-time

Part-time

Recalls

Techniques

Trend analysis


FORECASTING DEMAND

G

Job Details


Part: A

39SWOT ANALYSIS

Opportunity:Anowara Garments Limited can replace workers with high-tech machinery

JUSTIFICATION:

Bangladesh Ready Made Garments (RMG) sector is dependent on labor force to a massive extent. High-tech machinery allows dependency on workers to minimize; ensures better productivity and reduce production cost. They can replace workers with high-tech machinery to remove high dependency on labor and develop small sized fashion line to be flexible in market penetration. The introduction of high-tech machinery would reduce lead time and enable them to maintain standard in quality of output.


Demographic Changes:

FORECASTING SUPPLY


Demographic changes

Techniques




Layoffs Terminations Demotions Retirements

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Part: A

40SWOT ANALYSIS

Demographic changes have a direct correlation in determining estimates for forecasting supply of recruitments. It also allows a good estimate for the potential market for customer and labor.


It is under the model because use of technology would be boosted by demographic changes. Thus it falls under the demographic changes of the HRPP model.

Diversify into creative training programs

JUSTIFICATION:

Anowara Garments Limited can also diversify into creative training programs (design, fashion etc.) that would enable them to develop more fashionable product. Trained designers, in tune with designers at the buyer’s end, adapt the buyer’s needs into the manufacturing process. Skilled managers organize the production floor for efficiency and quality. BGMEA visualized and established the BGMEA Institute of Fashion & Technology in November 1999 and opened its doors to students in April 2000.


Education of Workforce and Unemployment:

FORECASTING SUPPLY


Education of Workforce

Unemployment

Techniques





G

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Part: A

41SWOT ANALYSIS

Adding to it is the education of workforce which also justifies the labor supply in an industry. Educated population would mean more workforces in the labor market. Unemployment changes have a direct correlation in determining estimates for forecasting supply of recruitments. It also allows a good estimate for the potential market for customer and labor.


Anowara Garments Limited can also diversify into creative training programs (design, fashion etc.) that would enable them to develop more fashionable product. Trained designers, in tune with designers at the buyer’s end, adapt the buyer’s needs into the manufacturing process. Skilled managers organize the production floor for efficiency and quality. It is under the model because education of workforce and unemployment rate is directly affected by the introduction of creative training program. Thus it falls under the demographic changes of the HRPP model.

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42SWOT ANALYSIS

Entering into new markets

JUSTIFICATION:

Entering into new markets such as East Asia or Africa would enable long run benefits for RMG sector in Bangladesh. Low cost with reasonable quality allows Bangladesh RMG firms to look for new markets worldwide. Anowara can gain high profits by expanding into new markets and reduce cost through mass production.





It is under the model because entering new markets would be encouraged by demographic changes. Thus it falls under the demographic changes of the HRPP model.

Recycling plants

FORECASTING SUPPLY


Demographic changes

Techniques





G

Job Details


Part: A

43SWOT ANALYSIS

JUSTIFICATION:

Recycling plants can be formed to reduce tax paid on dumping waste and increase utilization of resources by using recycled products. Recycling plants are always useful for avoiding environmental laws and creating an image of participating in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities. Most industries in developed countries are using high-tech plants to save billions of dollars of tax and generate income out of recycled products.


Government Policies:

Government policies have a direct correlation in determining estimates for forecasting supply of recruitments. It also allows a good estimate for the potential market for customer and labor.


It is under the model because use of recycling plant would allow the company to save taxation. Thus it falls under the government policies of the HRPP model.

Removal of inefficiencies can lead to growth

FORECASTING SUPPLY


Government Policies

Techniques





G

Job Details


Part: A

44SWOT ANALYSIS

JUSTIFICATION:

RMG sector is one of the most potential and growing industries of Bangladesh especially the organized private sector is dominating, and is also expanding at a fast rate. If proper facilities are provided and in efficiencies are removed this industry has the capability of bringing much more revenue than now.


Demographic Changes and education of workforce:



It is under the model because the removal of inefficiency would be boosted by demographic changes. Thus it falls under the demographic changes of the HRPP model.

Threats:

FORECASTING SUPPLY


Education of work force

Demographic changes

Techniques





G

Job Details


Part: A

45SWOT ANALYSIS

Changes in rules and regulation imposed by government:

JUSTIFICATION:

Changes in rules and regulation by government would affect RMG sector to a great extent. Issues such as dumping waste, child labor, equity among male and female are issues that are not strongly supported by government laws. Rules and regulations like increase in the tax rate, Limitations in importing amount (raw materials) or increase in rent from this sector also hampers the possibilities of this industry.



Government policies have a direct correlation in determining estimates for forecasting supply of recruitments. It also allows a good estimate for the potential market for customer and labor. Changes in any government policies affect the overall stance of any business strategy.


FORECASTING SUPPLY


Government Policies

Techniques





G

Job Details


Part: A

46SWOT ANALYSIS

It is under the model because the changes in government policies would make the company adjust to labor law changes. Thus it falls under the government policies of the HRPP model.

Formation of Trade Unions:

JUSTIFICATION:

Trade unionism is a worldwide movement and the highly strategic position occupied by trade unions in modern industrial society has been widely recognized. Trade unions are a big threat for Anowara Garments Limited as it allows labors to rise up for low compensation and diminishing facilities. RMG sector of Bangladesh is a labor intensive industry and it allows trade unions to be more powerful due to its dominance. It allows them to gain control over the management in terms of production. Anowara Garments Limited has faced tremendous losses due to strike by employees and riots over pay issue. This is a big threat for RMG sector as well as Anowara Garments Limited.


FORECASTING SUPPLY


Labor Mobility Unemployment rate

Techniques





G

Job Details


Part: A

47SWOT ANALYSIS

Labor mobility and unemployment rate:

Unemployment rate have a direct correlation in determining estimates for forecasting supply of recruitments. It also allows a good estimate for the potential market for customer and labor. Labor Mobility is also a key indicator of forecasting supply as labor laws and acts varies from countries to countries.


It is under the model because the formation of trade unions would affect the labor mobility and unemployment rate of a particular industry. Thus it falls under the HRPP model.

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Part: A

48SWOT ANALYSIS

Unstable Political and economic environment

JUSTIFICATION:

The political environment is one of the biggest weaknesses for Bangladesh RMG sector and also Bangladesh economic development. It influences the business sector in many ways. When the politicians decide to go for strikes it halts production and at times it even influences investors.


Demographic Changes and Government Policies:

Government policies is a key indicator of forecasting supply as labor laws and acts varies from countries to countries. Demographic changes have a direct correlation in determining estimates for forecasting supply of recruitments.


It is under the model because unstable political and economic circumstances would result in changes in government policies and demographic situation. Thus it falls under the HRPP model.

FORECASTING SUPPLY


Government Policies Demographic

Changes

Techniques





G

Job Details


Part: A

49PESTLE ANALYSIS

PESTLE AnalysisPESTLE Analysis is a simple technique which can be used in a fairly sophisticated way, particularly when it is combined with Risk Analysis, SWOT Analysis, an Urgency/Importance Grid and expert knowledge about the organization and its external factors. PESTLE Analysis is normally used to help organizations identify and understand the external environment in which they operate and how it will operate in the future. I believe that a version of PESTLE Analysis can be used by the individual for personal development planning.

PESTLE is a mnemonic which in its expanded form denotes P for Political, E for Economic, S for Social, T for Technological, L for Legal and E for Environmental. It gives a bird’s eye view of the whole environment from many different angles that one wants to check and keep a track of while contemplating on a certain idea/plan.PESTLE analysis, which is sometimes referred as PEST analysis is a concept in marketing principles. Moreover, this concept is used as a tool by companies the world over to track the environment they’re operating in or are planning to launch a new project/product/service etc.

The framework has undergone certain alterations, as gurus of Marketing have added certain things like an E for Ethics to instill the element of demographics while utilizing the framework while researching the market. There are certain questions that one needs to ask while conducting this analysis, which give them an idea of what things to keep in mind. They are:

1. What is the political situation of the country and how can it affect the industry?

2. What are the prevalent economic factors?

3. How much importance does culture has in the market and what are its determinants?

4. What technological innovations are likely to pop up and affect the market structure?

5. Are there any current legislations that regulate the industry or can there be any change in the legislations for the industry?

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50PESTLE ANALYSIS

6. What are the environmental concerns for the industry?

All the aspects of this technique are crucial for any industry a business might be in. More than just understanding the market, this framework represents one of the vertebras of the backbone of strategic management that not only defines what a company should do, but also accounts for an organization’s goals and the strategies stringed to them.It is very critical for one to understand the complete depth of each of the letters of the PESTLE. It is as below:

PoliticalThese factors determine the extent to which a government may influence the economy or a certain industry. [For example] a government may impose a new tax or duty due to which entire revenue generating structures of organizations might change. Political factors include tax policies, Fiscal policy, trade tariffs etc. that a government may levy around the fiscal year and it may affect the business environment (economic environment) to a great extent.For describing the political analysis part of my PESTLE analysis, I have divided this part into some other sub parts and they are given below.

Political framework

Bangladesh Politics

Political parties of

Bangladesh

Human Rights

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51PESTLE ANALYSIS

Politics of Bangladesh takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Bangladesh is the head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government.At the local government level, the country is divided into divisions, districts, sub districts (Upazilla), unions, and villages.

Dr. Selina Hayat Ivy is a tested person as she showed good and pro-people performance in the past years as the chairman. She did not have to undertake road marches and make long, meaningless and high sounding speeches to establish herself as a good candidate. She worked selflessly and quietly followed her father, without mentioning so much about father or her husband -- which is something unusual in Bangladesh politics. Her father became the Chairman of the Municipality in 1974. Narayanganj is a city corporation now and the first mayor is Dr. Selina Hayat. She was elected as the mayor with a great success and she is well educated and well experienced in Bangladesh politics. After her winning as the mayor of Narayanganj, the face of politics in narayanganj is totally changed. Narayanganj is now an example for other city corporations in Bangladesh.

Political Parties and ElectionAll of the political parties are available in Narayanganj. All the powerful parties and there are also some new and upcoming local political parties in this district. The name of the political parties is given below:

Bangladesh Awami leagueBangladesh Nationalist partyJamaat-E-IslamiJatiya PartyHizbutTahrir BangladeshLiberal Party BangladeshNational Socialist partyIslamiOikyaJoteBangladesh workers partyGanoforum BangladeshBangladesh Communist partyPeasants' and Workers' People League

All of these political parties are very well known in Bangladesh politics and some of them are internationally known like Bangladesh Awami league, BNP etc. All these political parties are very active in

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Narayangaj. Beside these there are also student politics in Narayanganjade they are:

Jatiyotabadi Chhatra DalBangladesh Chhatra LeagueBangladesh Islami Chhatra Shibir

Whatever may be the political position of the ruling party on Narayanganj, it was praiseworthy that LGRD Minister Syed Ashraful Islam extended his support to Ivy in terms of her conducting the mayoral work. There were, however, serious criticisms by some senior Awami League leaders regarding the ruling party's handing and choosing of party candidate for the Narayanganj election. One of them went to the extent of terming it as the work of a "political syndicate.

Political Parties of BangladeshThe Bangladesh Awami League (AL) translated from Farsi Bangladesh People's League, commonly known as the Awami League, is the mainstream, secular political party in Bangladesh. It is also currently the governing party after winning the 2008 Parliamentary elections in Bangladesh.

The Awami League was founded in Dhaka, the erstwhile capital of the Pakistani province of East Bengal, in 1949 by Bengali nationalists Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy, Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani and ShamsulHuq. The Awami League was established as the Bengali alternative to the domination of the Muslim League in Pakistan. The party quickly gained massive popular support in East Bengal, later named East Pakistan, and eventually led the forces of Bengali nationalism in the struggle against West Pakistan's military and political establishment. The party under the leadership of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the founding father of Bangladesh, would lead the struggle for independence, first through massive populist and civil disobedience movements, such as the Six Point Movement and 1971 Non-Cooperation Movement, and then during the Bangladesh Liberation War. After the emergence of independent Bangladesh, the Awami League would win the first general elections in 1973 but was overthrown in 1975 after the dramatic assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.The party was forced by subsequent military regimes into political wilderness and many of its senior leaders and activists were executed and jailed. After the restoration of democracy in 1990, the

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Awami League emerged as one of the principal players of Bangladeshi politics.

History of B.N.PThe Bangladesh Nationalist Party (Bengali: Bangladesh Jatiotabadi Dal), commonly referred to as the BNP, is the mainstream center-right political party in Bangladesh. It is currently the largest opposition party in the Parliament of Bangladesh. The entry of late President Ziaur Rahman in Bangladeshi political stage, was sudden. But it was a must to happen. In order to fill the gap of presence of a righteous and honest leader, Ziaur Rahman entered into Bangladeshi politics as a response to the demand posed by the time and the nation. Ziaur Rahman did not enter into politics from the back door or by any midnight intriguing drama; he entered the politics as the entire nation, civilians, and armed forces and literally every single living people wanted him to take the charge of political fate of Bangladesh on a shiny morning, November 07, 1975.

The time when Ziaur Rahman became the leader by the people, there was not a single political party in Bangladesh. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman by forming a single party 'Bakshal' had banned all other political activities and parties from Bangladesh and wanted only to run 'one party ruling system' in country. Democratic rights of the people of the country and the democratic practices were forced to put into exile. The legal system, courts and newspaper, all were controlled. Each and every human right was violated at gross.

History of Jatiya Party (J.P)The Jatiya Party (Ershad) (National Party (Ershad)) is a political party in Bangladesh established by President Hussain Mohammad Ershad on 1st January 1986. The Army Chief Lieutenant General Hussain Muhammad Ershad usurped the state power by a coup de'tat on 24th March 1982, and ruled the country as chief martial law administrator till December 1983. Justice A. F. M. Ahsanuddin Chowdhury was made President of Bangladesh. With a view to civilianize his military ruler General Ershad endeavoured to form a political party of his own. With a view to forming a party styled as Janadal under the leadership of Ahsanuddin Chowdhury, he declared a 19-point program on 17th March 1983.

On 21 March 1986, President Ershad placed an appeal to the 15-party alliance and 7-party alliance launching movement against him

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to participate in the JatiyoSangsad elections. Five parties of 15-party alliance, and the 7-party alliance led by Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) boycotted the election. In the elections held on 7 May 1986, the Jatiya Party secured 153 seats and the Awami League got 76 seats. The fairness of the elections was questioned and allegation of malpractices was raised both nationally and internationally. In the presidential elections held on 15 October 1986, Ershad was elected President. The opposition parties boycotted the election. Political movement demanding resignation of President Ershad took serious turn in 1987. Consequently Ershad dissolved the JatiyaSangsad on 6 December 1987. In the elections for the fourth JatiyaSangsad held on 3 March 1988, the Jatiya Party secured 251 seats while all the political parties including the BNP and the Awami League boycotted the election.

H M Ershad being elected President of Bangladesh 1986 - 1991.He is a United Nations Laureate and won the parliamentary elections three times after being toppled from the presidency.

Economic

These factors are determinants of an economy’s performance that directly impacts a company and have resonating long term effects. [For example] a rise in the inflation rate of any economy would affect the way companies’ price their products and services. Adding to that, it would affect the purchasing power of a consumer and change demand/supply models for that economy. Economic factors include inflation rate, interest rates, foreign exchange rates, economic growth patterns etc. It also accounts for the FDI (foreign direct investment) depending on certain specific industries who’re undergoing this analysis.

Macroeconomic Factors:

InvestmentAll economic risks are cross bordered and are by and large interdependent. Thus Bangladesh is no less threatened from the global risks and uncertainties. Despite having an estimated growth rate of 6.7 per cent in FY2010-11, several growing downside risks arising from external economic environment are exerting added pressure on economy. The transmission channels of the

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implications of global economic downturn for the Bangladesh economy are primarily mediated through trade, remittances, foreign aid and FDI. It is the factors that is pertinent to a broad economy at the regional or national level and affects a large population rather than a few select individuals. Macroeconomic factors such as economic output, unemployment, inflation, savings and investment are key indicators of economic performance and are closely monitored by governments, businesses and consumers.

European countries accounts for 50 per cent of Bangladesh’s export basket. Major export destinations in EU27 are Germany, United Kingdom, France, Spain, Italy, Belgium and Netherlands. Thus the current Euro debt crisis is likely to have adverse implications for Bangladesh’s exports in general, and exports of apparels in particular, in the EU. First signs of this are already there. In view of this Bangladesh will need to focus on extra-EU markets, particularly markets in the developing countries.The knock-on effect on remittances may not be very high since about two-third of the remittance flow originate from the middle-east.

Crisis on hand: In the event of another cycle of global economic crisis, it will be difficult for Bangladesh to come up with response mechanisms as she did in 2008 due to weakened macroeconomic fundamentals informed by surging non-development expenditures, pressure on balance of payment and high level of prices. These factors have eroded the fiscal and monetary space. On the other hand, Bangladesh should also be prepared to take advantage of the opportunities that may emerge. In the backdrop of current global situation and global demand, prices of key commodities in the international market, including that of fuel and key intermediates, could come down. This could help Bangladesh’s macroeconomic balance. Demand switching could help some types of garments exports. Thus, there is a need to remain alert to such possibilities.

Economic OutputAlthough more than half of GDP is generated through the service sector, nearly two-thirds of Bangladeshis are employed in the agriculture sector, with rice as the single-most-important product. Bangladesh's growth was resilient during the global financial crisis and recession.

GDP (purchasing power parity):

$277.9 billion (2011est.)

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$242.2 billion (2010 est.)

$229.1 billion (2009 est.)

$216.6 billion (2008 est.)

Bangladesh’s resilient economy has so far weathered the global economic crisis, growing some 5.9% in FY 2010. Exports dipped slightly, but the decrease was modest compared to other developing nations. The United States is Bangladesh’s third-largest export market and trade between the two nations reached $4.2 billion in 2010. The economy is predicted to grow near 6% in 2011.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Bangladesh expanded 6.7 percent in the 2010-11 fiscal years. Historically, from 1994 until 2010, Bangladesh's average quarterly GDP Growth was 5.47 percent reaching an historical high of 6.63 percent in June of 2006 and a record low of 4.08 percent in June of 1994. Bangladesh is considered as a developing economy which has recorded GDP growth above 5% during the last few years.

Three major achievementsExport was Robust: Exports showed remarkable turnaround in FY2010-11 having experienced the adverse consequences of the global economic slowdown in FY2009-10.Bangladesh’s global export in FY2010-11 posted a high growth of 41.5 per cent against only4.1 per cent growth in FY2009-10, with both RMG and non-RMG products registeringsignificant growth rates of 43.4 per cent and 35.1 per cent respectively. Robust exportperformance helped maintain a foreign exchange reserve of USD10, 911.6 million at the endof FY2010-11, which matched the corresponding reserve levels at the close of FY2009-10. State of the Bangladesh Economy in FY2011-12: First Reading 6(USD 10,749.7 million). However, the attained growth was achieved over a low benchmarkgrowth of FY2009-10, and could, prove difficult to sustain in FY2011-12.

Collection of tax revenue strengthened:In continuation of its commendable efforts in therecent past, the National Board of Revenue (NBR) has achieved a significant 27.2 per centrevenue growth in FY2010-11, far outpacing (by Tk. 6,502

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crore) the targeted growth rate of16.8 per cent. Impressive growth rates were achieved for most of the components,particularly in case of income tax component (32.4 per cent). In the non-NBR tax componentas well, an impressive 17.7 per cent growth was recorded in FY2010-11. Although this waslower than the annual target of 25.8 per cent, this is a significant improvement in view of thelow growth of 3.4 per cent achieved in FY2009-10.

Turnaround in manpower export: Significant slowdown in the outward migration hademerged as a major concern for Bangladesh in FY2009-10. The adverse impact of this wasquite obvious, particularly from the perspective of foreign exchange earnings, domesticemployment situation, poverty alleviation efforts and FOREX reserve situation. As may berecalled, the number of people going abroad for jobs declined from about 6.5 lakh inFY2008-09 to 4.3 lakh in FY2009-10. As a matter of fact, the number of migrant workers leavingthe country marginally increased to reach 4.4 lakh in this year.

InflationDespite the high GDP growth in FY2010-11 and the success in terms of high export earnings,remittance flow and revenue collection, a number of pressure points developed in the overallmacroeconomic scenario of the country. These worrying developments transmitted acautionary signal with regard to the country’s macroeconomic management in the near-term.A number of these developments were new, whilst some of the others were carried from the past only to have had aggravated in the process with the passage of time.

Prices Soar to RiseContrary to what one would have expected from the impressive growth in the crop sector, noted earlier, food prices continued to soar and drove up the overall inflation rate in FY2010-11. Moving average inflation rate for the fiscal year stood at 8.8 per cent, higher than the set target of 7.0 per cent. Point-to-point inflation in June

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2011 was 10.2 per cent compared to 8.7 per cent in June 2010. Food inflation rate was higher1 than the general inflation rate. It appears that trends in food prices have become somewhat delinked from the food production and availability situation. With no major production shocks in recent times, food price hike appears to reflect a transmission of the high global prices to the domestic market. As Table 2 would evince, in FY2010-11 production was better, import had increased, public food-stock was higher and off takes under VGD, VGF, Food for Work and Open Market Sales (OMS) were more than the previous year.

In its attempt to control the inflationary pressure, the central bank resorted to intervening in the money market and bringing down the credit growth. Monetary Policy Statement (H1 FY11)3 of the Bangladesh Bank targeted to significantly reduce the growth in money and credit supply. However, reining in credit growth proved to be difficult in the face of higher credit demand from both public and private sectors: total outstanding domestic credit increased by 27.4 per cent. Disbursement of term loan increased by 24.3 per cent, while that of agricultural credit increased by 9.6 per cent. Moneysupply (M2) also recorded a significant increase of 21.3 per cent over the last year. Inresponse, the Bangladesh Bank resorted to multiple increases in the policy rates.

Government SpendingAs was mentioned, excess liquidity of the scheduled banks declined quite dramatically and reached its nadir during December-January period of FY2010-11. This was accompanied by a significantly rising trend in market capitalization in the share market. While excess liquidity declined by over 28 per cent between June 2010 and December 2010, market capitalization increased by over 24 per cent during the same period. Evidence suggests that a large part of industrial, consumer and other credit money were diverted to the capital market. This contributed to drying up of liquidity in the banking system, contrary to the liquidity requirement ratios set by the Bangladesh Bank. When cash reserve ratio (CRR) was raised by Bangladesh Bank in December 2010, this led to forced selling of shares by the over-exposed banks to comply with the new requirement. This had a knock-on effect on the capital market which experienced a sharp downturn.

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Nearly three years after the downturn observed in 2009, the developed countries in the North America, Europe and Asia still continue to grapple with an uncertain future and markets are agitated by trepidations of new setbacks, defaults and the possibility of a “double-dip” recession. A number of factors are behind the current situation, including the high unemployment rate in the USA, the sovereign debt crisis in Europe and decision by credit rating agencies to downgrade the ratings of some of the developed countries. Also, the tsunami and earthquake in Japan had transmitted shocks to the global economy. The fact that the EU debt rescue package is in a vulnerable position due to the Greek referendum announcement, has further heightened the likelihood of a recession.

Foreign Direct InvestmentBudget deficit amounted to Tk. 31,013.2 crore (3.3 per cent of GDP against 5.0 per cent envisaged in the budget) in FY2010- 11. However, one could argue that although the deficit remained under control, it was in part due to the wrong reason, i.e. the low level of ADP implementation. A major nagging concern in FY2010-11 was the low disbursement of foreign aid. In the backdrop of the expected project aid not having been materialised, government went on to finance a significantly larger proportion of the deficit through domestic borrowing, more specifically through bank borrowing. Against a negative net bank-borrowing of (-) Tk. 2,092.5 crore in FY2009-10, the amount borrowed in FY2010-11 was Tk. 25,210.2 crore. As financing opportunities by way of both non-bank borrowing and foreign borrowing was low, as much as 81.3 per cent of the deficit needed to be financed from bank borrowing. To compare, in FY2009-10, about 27.6 per cent of the financing was made from foreign borrowing and 82.0 per cent from non-bank borrowing; indeed contribution from the banking sources experienced a decline (by (-) 9.6 per cent).

Money SupplyThere was a positive impact on inflation because there was an increase in money supply from 9.83% in 2007-08 to 11.86% in 2008-09 While the year- on year growth in private sector credit in December 2008 was 2.1.8%, the adjustments in the repo and reverse repo rates are expected to guide credit growth back toward the annual program target of 18.5%. The MPS inflation projection of

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8.5% for FY2009 appears overly pessimistic, considering the pace at which price pressures arc dissipating.

Net private capital flows to developing countries have increased as investors are shifting parts of their portfolios to emerging markets, mostly in developing economies, in the form of short term equity investments and FDI. However, as a consequence, liquidity situation improved also because the Bangladesh Bank complemented this by injecting money into the market through the use of repo auctions. Undermining of the nexus between banking sector and capital market has significantly weakened the management of monetary sector.

Balance of PaymentExport growth is projected to decelerate, to 14.0% and 13.0% over these two yearsFY2009 and FY 2010.However, recent data shows other is likely to be turnaround of the export. Import payments during the first half of FY2009 rose by 23.2% relative to the same period of FY2008. he opening of import letters of credit-a leading Indicator for annual imports declined by 2.2% in the first 7% months of FY2009, mainly because of the difficulties for international negotiating banks in supporting import activities in the face of liquidity shortages.

Balance of Payments is a record of official estimates of all transactions between two countries during a year. It shows the sum total of all external transactions arising from export and import of goods and services and transfers, such as remittances and capital inflows and outflows. Bangladesh has experienced deficits in its balance of trade since its independence and the problem became chronic because of the country's heavy dependence on imports and at the same time, its requirement for running development programmers. The sharp increase in oil prices during the early 1970s enhanced the import payments for crude oil, petroleum products and fertilizers.

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Exchange RateThe exchange rates of Taka for inter-bank and customer transactions are set by the dealer banks themselves, based on demand-supply interaction. The Bangladesh Bank is not present in the market on a day-to-day basis and undertakes purchase or sale transactions with the dealer banks only as needed to maintain orderly market conditions.

Remittances have emerged as a key driver of economic growth and poverty reduction in Bangladesh, increasing at an average annual rate of 19 percent in the last 30 years.

Revenues from remittances now exceed various types of foreign exchange inflows, particularly official development assistance and net earnings from exports. The bulk of the remittances are sent by Bangladeshi migrant workers rather than members of the Bangladeshi Diaspora. Currently, 64 percent of annual remittance inflows originate from Middle Eastern nations.

Interest RateThe second most important destabilizing factor for public finance in the current fiscal year is likely to be the high bank borrowing by the government. In fact, as mentioned in the earlier section of the review, this issue did emerge as a significant problem for

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macroeconomic management in FY2010-11; as high as 81.2 per cent of the fiscal deficit of FY2010-11 was financed through bank borrowing. If mitigating steps are not taken, this trend is apprehended to be heightened further in the current fiscal year.

The budget for FY2011-12 targets to finance 47.1 per cent (Taka 18957.0 crore) of the projected deficit through bank borrowing (Tk. 6253.2 crore less than actual borrowing in FY2010-11).However, there is every likelihood that this target will be missed by a significant margin. According to Bangladesh Bank, the government has already borrowed Tk 9,470 crore till 10 October 2011 which is about 50 per cent of its total allocation for the year. In other words, the government has borrowed about Tk. 100.0 croreevery day to run its business.

PopulationThese factors scrutinize the social environment of the market, and gauge determinants like cultural trends, demographics, population analytics etc. An example for this can be buying trends for Western countries like the US where there is high demand during the Holiday season.

Bangladesh is known for the remarkable ethnic and cultural homogeneity of its population. Over 98 percent of its people are Bengalis; the remainder is Biharis, or non-Bengali Muslims, and indigenous tribal peoples. Bangladeshis are particularly proud of their rich cultural and linguistic heritage because their independent nation is partially the result of a powerful movement to uphold and preserve their language and culture. Bangladeshis identify themselves closely with Bangla, their national language.

Bangladesh is the 7th largest country in the world in population where 150 million people are virtually elbowing each other in a land that is 134,000 sq. km in area with a population density of more than 1100 people per sq. km. The population growth rate among the educated people in Bangladesh has come down by a considerable extent. Growth rate among the underprivileged, who continue to constitute a big majority, is double the rate of the educated group.

One of the world's most densely populated nations, Bangladesh in the 1980s was caught in the vicious cycle of population expansion and poverty. Although the rate of growth had declined marginally in recent years, the rapid expansion of the population continued to be a tremendous burden on the nation. With 82 percent of its people

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living in the countryside, Bangladesh was also one of the most rural nations in the Third World. The pace of urbanization in the late 1980s was slow, and urban areas lacked adequate amenities and services to absorb even those migrants who trekked from rural areas to the urban centers for food and employment. Frequent natural disasters, such as coastal cyclone floods, killed thousands, and widespread malnutrition and poor sanitation resulted in high mortality rates from a variety of diseases.

Inequality & PovertyPopulation below poverty line in Bangladesh is 36.3%. The most vulnerable groups include small farmers, landless rural laborers, and workers in the urban informal sector. Health care, nutrition, and education standards are low, especially among women and children.

In the late 1980s, poverty remained the most salient aspect of Bangladeshi society. Although the disparity in income between different segments of the society was not great, the incidence of poverty was widespread; the proportion of the population in extreme poverty--those unable to afford even enough food to live a reasonably active life--rose from 43 percent in 1974 to 50 percent in the mid-1980s. The emerging political elite, which constituted a very narrow social class compared with the mass of peasants and urban

poor, held the key to political power, controlled all institutions, and enjoyed the greatest economic gains.

Aside from hilly areas in the extreme north-east and south-east, Bangladesh is made up entirely of low-lying deltaic flood plain. Poverty is concentrated in three areas: the north-west, which is prone to drought and river erosion; the center-north, which is subject to severe seasonal flooding that limits crop production; and the southern coastal zones, which are affected by soil salinity. The direct

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link between chronic poverty and unfavorable agricultural environments is becoming increasingly apparent, partly as the result of difficult climatic conditions and partly as a consequence of mismanagement of natural resources and the enormous population pressure on the land.

Though still too high, it continues to fall by around 1% a year, with each percentage point representing a meaningful improvement in the lives of hundreds of thousands of Bangladeshis.

It’s also noteworthy that, since 2000, the real per-capita income of the bottom 10% of the population has grown at the same annual rate as that of the top 10%.

CorruptionBangladesh it is a common practice to pay bribes to concerned officials to get services. It indicates that members of law enforcing agencies, customs and income tax departments were involved in administrative corruption. Moreover, the higher the level of bureaucracy the lower the frequency but higher the amount of bribe; and the lower the level of bureaucracy the higher the frequency but less the amount of bribe are norms here.

Corruption increases the transaction cost of business that negatively impacts international competitiveness of the state. Corruption also reduces the sense of security for foreign and domestic investors, as it often leads to extortion, protection rackets, delays in implementation, and rise in the infrastructure costs.

Human RightsWhile women occupy several key positions in the government, discrimination against women is common in both the public and private spheres. Bangladesh's reservations against the requirement in the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination

against Women to ensure equal rights for women and men remain in effect.

Thanks to the country's garment industry, where the workplace is 80 percent women, employment opportunities for women have been stronger than for men, despite the limited choice in jobs they have.First, the concepts of political and bureaucratic corruption are discussed. Second, the meanings of human and national security are outlined. The nature and extent of political and administrative

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corruption in Bangladesh are analyzed in the third section. The fourth section presents three examples of how corruption impacts livelihoods in Bangladesh. The fifth section discusses ways of tackling political and administrative corruption. The sixth section is about recommendations and conclusion.Men in Bangladesh have always dominated women in relationships, and this trend has led to many accounts of domestic abuse against women, mostly over dowries.

TerrorismBangladesh lies at the strategic crossroads of South and Southeast Asia. Potential terrorist movements and activities in or through Bangladesh pose a potentially serious threat to India, Nepal, Bhutan, and Burma, as well as Bangladesh itself. Consequentially, the Bangladesh Government has banned a number of Islamic extremist groups in recent years.

Bangladesh was disturbed with subversive activities of different active political parties, extremist communist parties and Islamic militant groups. Attacks often came in the form of bomb blasts. Almost all major political parties had recourse to terrorism to grab power. During strikes, processions and meetings, they attacked each other by bombing and shooting. Extremist communist parties were various factions ofBangladesherBiplabi Communist Party (M-L), PurbaBanglar Communist Party (M-L) and BangladesherSarbahara Party. Militant groups were mainly Harkat-ul-Jihad-al Islami Bangladesh, Jamaatul Mujahidin Bangladesh and Ahle Hadith Andolan. Main cause of attack was to rise in power through intimidation and annihilation.

Effect on Business:There was quite a good condition for business though there were very little troubles in the society of Bangladesh. The society of Bangladesh is not very business friendly as many people still protest against the industrialization. Though the lots of problems are clumsy everywhere, Bangladesh somehow managed to prosper the business, the industry, the financial system and the overall

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condition. With various positive outcomes, all the negative aspects remained on the darker side as the brightness overshadowed the darkness.

Technological These factors pertain to innovations in technology that may affect the operations of the industry and the market favorably or unfavorably. This refers to automation, research and development and the amount of technological awareness that a market possesses.

Electricity is the major source of power for country's most of the economic activities. Bangladesh's installed electric generation capacity was 4.7 GW in 2009; only three-fourth of which is considered to be available. Only 40% of the population has access to electricity with a per capita availability of 136 kWh per annum. Problems in the Bangladesh's electric power sector include corruption in administration, high system losses, and delays in completion of new plants, low plant efficiencies, erratic power supply, electricity theft, blackouts, and shortages of funds for power plant maintenance. Overall, the country's generation plants have been unable to meet system demand over the past decade.

A recent survey reveals that power outages result in a loss of industrial output worth $1 billion a year which reduces the GDP growth by about half a percentage point in Bangladesh. A major hurdle in efficiently delivering power is caused by the inefficient distribution system. It is estimated that the total transmission and distribution losses in Bangladesh amount to one-third of the total generation, the value of which is equal to US $247 million per year.

Development of telecommunications sector

The Ministry of Power and Energy has been mobilizing Tk 40,000 crore ($5.88 billion) to generate 5,000 MW of electricity to reduce load shedding into a tolerable level within next four and half years during the term of the present government. Under the plan, the Power Development Board (PDB) would produce 500 MW gas fired electricity between July and December 2009 which will be able to

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overcome load shedding within December. The PDB would hire furnace-oil based 1,000MW of electricity from private sector from January to June 2010, the plan said. In 2011, the government would install furnace-oil based 800 MW capacity of power plant. The PDB officials would seek suitable place to establish the plant, a senior official of the PDB said. Besides the government would also hire another diesel or furnace oil based power plant having capacity of 700 MW in 2012 to keep load shedding into mild level, the official said.

The liberalization of Bangladesh‘s telecommunications sector began with small steps in 1989 with the issuance of a license to a private operator for the provision of inter alia cellular mobile services to compete with the previous monopoly provider of telecommunications services the Bangladesh Telegraph and Telephone Board (BTTB). Significant changes in the number of fixed and mobile services deployed in Bangladesh occurred in the late 1990s and the number of services in operation has subsequently grown exponentially in the past five years.

Information Gateway:

Later Bangladesh was connected with information super highway through submarine optic fiber networks with 16 countries consortium by SEA-ME-WE 4 project. The government of the People‘s Republic of Bangladesh has inaugurated the connectivity on 21 May 2006. The landing station is established in Cox's Bazaar, the southern City, near the Bay of Bengal which emerged with great expectation for internet users of the country.

When the first internet service was launched the combined Internet users of all the email-only service providers was not more than 500. The number of internet users in Bangladesh as of March 2009 is over 600,000 compared to 100,000 in 2000. However, only 0.3% of the population uses the internet and thus making Bangladesh the lowest usage percentage per population of the internet in the world with the exception of North Korea, Myanmar and Sierra Leone.Out of the six mobile operators of the country, five GSM operators are offering internet service by either EDGE or GPRS. The sole CDMA operator Three companies, BanglaLion Communications Ltd., BracBdmail Network Ltd. and Augere Wireless Broadband Bangladesh Ltd., had won licenses to operate WiMAX in Bangladesh in September 2008. The three firms purchased the

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licenses in auction for 2.15 billion BDT (31 million USD) from Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission under the agreement that they have to pay 27.50 percent of the revenue to the government. Though BracBdmail declined to start the service, BanglaLion and Augere (Branded as Qubee) launched WiMax service commercially by the end of 2009.

When the first internet service was launched the combined Internet users of all the email-only service providers was not more than 500. The number of internet users in Bangladesh as of March 2009 is over 600,000 compared to 100,000 in 2000. However, only 0.3% of the population uses the internet and thus making Bangladesh the lowest usage percentage per population of the internet in the world with the exception of North Korea, Myanmar and Sierra Leone.

Media RevolutionThe revolutionary advancement in television, print, visual and other media has made the promotional activities become more intense, creative and easily available. This will also help in promoting and creating the need amongst the target market of the business venture. The first television signal broadcast in Bangladesh was in 1964 by the state-owned television network BTV. From then onwards BTV had a virtual monopoly until the late 1990s. Ever since then a number of stations had arrived. Many have also shut down in the process.

Effect on Business:There was quite a good condition for business though there were some problems in the technology of Bangladesh. Despite many crises like energy, resources, law and order, the technology sector went on its natural course bit it could have been better. Though the technological problems were a little bit effective, the time somehow managed to cope with the new era of technology. With various positive outcomes, all the negative aspects remained on the darker side as the brightness overshadowed the darkness. With all the problems and drawbacks, this sector managed to contribute over 78% on the economy and kept the country running.

LegalThese factors have both external and internal sides. There are certain laws that affect the business environment in a certain country while there are certain policies that companies maintain for themselves. Legal analysis takes into account both of these angles

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and then charts out the strategies in light of these legislations. For example, consumer laws, safety standards, labor laws etc.

LEGAL SYSTEM

Common Law System

The legal system of Bangladesh is based on a common law system.However, unlike other common law jurisdictions, Bangladesh’s Supreme Court has the power to not only interpret laws made by the Parliament but to also declare them null and void and enforce fundamental rights of the citizens. Although founded on the English common law system, the laws of Bangladesh take a statutory form which are enacted by the legislature and interpreted by the higher courts.

Supreme Court

The Constitution of Bangladesh created the Supreme Court of Bangladesh with two divisions, the High Court Division and the Appellate Division. As the apex court, the High Court division has been vested with the power to hear appeals and revisions from subordinate courts and also to issue orders and directives in the nature of writs to enforce fundamental rights and to grant other relief available under the writ jurisdiction. The Appellate Division shall have power to issue such directions, orders, decrees or writs as may be necessary for doing complete justice in any cause or matter pending before it, including orders for the purpose of securing the attendance or any person or the discovery or production of any document..

Civil Procedure Code (Amendment) 2002

The Civil Procedure Code (Amendment) Act 2002 has been enacted to introduce Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) system for early and consensual disposal of civil suits.Section 89A and 89B have been inserted to allow parties to settle their disputes in suits through mediation or arbitration.

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Arbitration

Arbitration is increasingly being employed as a means of getting around the judiciary and the length of time it can take to resolve cases. Arbitration in Bangladesh has proved to be a successful and efficient means of resolving disputes arising out of commercial matters. Businesses, especially those with foreign concerns, have now begun to insert arbitration clauses into their standard contracts.

Environmental Considerations

Investors need to conform to certain environmental safety standards to get clearance certificates from the Department of the Environment (DOE).

Environmental Clearance Required for:

Appropriate water-treatment plants

Air-pollution-controlling devices

Noise-pollution

Safety measures

Project Proposals Must Contain:

Appropriate environmental impact assessment

Pollution-control measures

Corrective Measures

Existing industries with possibly negative implications for the environment or public health will be required to take corrective measures.

Intellectual Property Rights

The Government recognizes the importance of intellectual property rights (IPRs) for attracting foreign investment and is currently in the

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process of updating legislation in order to ensure better enforcement of such rights.

III.E.1. International Obligations

III.E.1.a) Member of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) since 1985.

III.E.1.b) Signatory to the Paris Convention on Intellectual Property from 1991.

III.E.2. Legislation

The existing Bangladeshi legislation in this area, however, dates mostlyfrom the period of British rule. The legislation in force are as follows:

III.E.2.a) Patent and Design Act of 1911

III.E.2.b) Patent and Design Rule of 1933

III.E.2.c) Trademark Act of 1940

III.E.2.d) Copyright Act of 1999

III.E.2.e) Trademarks Act 2009

III.E.3. Permission for Royalties

No prior permission is required for entering into agreements for remitting fees for royalties, technical know-how and technical assistance.

General Incentives for Foreign Investment

The government has been keen in promoting foreign investment and continues in its efforts to attract such investment as a means of alleviating the economy. Furthermore, the government has liberalized the industrial and investment policies in recent years by reducing bureaucratic control over private investment.

File documents with joint stock firms:

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For filing the memorandum and articles of association, the company pays fees based on the company‘s authorized capital. For a company with a capital of BDT 318320, the cost is BDT 4125 (BDT 2925 registration fees + 1200 registration filing fees). The fees are paid at the designated banks.

The following documents are submitted to the registrar:

Name clearance certificate Memorandum of associationArticles of associationForms I, VI, IX, X, and XII Proof of payment (i.e. receipt from the designated bank) for Treasury StampsEncashment certificate (for nonresident subscribers)Tax identification number (for resident subscribers)

Standard Time to complete -1 day

Standard cost-BDT 30-50

To commence business, every company must register itself with the appropriate taxation authority (Deputy Commission of Taxes of Company Circle, Zonal Taxation Department) under the National Board of Revenue (NBR) and procure a tax identification number for the new company.

Standard Time to complete-9 days no charge.

Make a company seal:

Register with tax authority:

Register for VAT:

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For VAT purposes, companies may be registered separately with the Customs, Excise, and VAT Commission (under the NBR). The various VATs incurred while operating the business will be regulated by the area NBR Customs Department and VAT and Excise Department.

Standard time to complete-7 days, simultaneously with procedure 5 no charge

Companies may obtain a trade license from the City Corporation. The trade license application must be accompanied by the following documents:

A certified copy of the company‘s articles and memorandum of associationA copy of the certificate of incorporationThe company’s statement of bank solvencyThe company’s tax identification number certificateA copy of the rent agreement for the company’s office Three photographs (copies) 7) Particulars of the person in charge of the main corporate functions.

Standard time to Complete- 6 days

Standard cost- BDT.5000

The legal environment of Bangladesh for starting the new business is very flexible. The legal rules and regulations were designed to make the total business investment friendly as the foreign investors can come and get attracted to invest here. Though the government

Obtain a Trade License:

Effect on Business:

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is facing some problems due to the effects of flexible laws, the outcome has made prosperity of Bangladesh.

These factors include all those that influence or are determined by the surrounding environment. This aspect of the PESTLE is crucial for certain industries particularly for example tourism, farming, agriculture etc. Factors of a business environmental analysis include but are not limited to climate, weather, geographical location, global changes in climate, environmental offsets etc.

Currently there are high environmental issues that are being highlighted in the industry. However, the environmental issues can also act as barriers to investment. The whole country consists of mainly low and flat land, except for the hilly regions in the northeast and southeast. My created parts for describing the environmental analysis are given below:

These factors include all those that influence or are determined by the surrounding environment. This aspect of the PESTLE is crucial for certain industries particularly for example tourism, farming, agriculture etc. Factors of a business environmental analysis include but are not limited to climate, weather, geographical location, global changes in climate, environmental offsets etc.

Currently there are high environmental issues that are being highlighted in the industry. However, the environmental issues can also act as barriers to investment. The whole country consists of mainly low and flat land, except for the hilly regions in the northeast and southeast. My created parts for describing the environmental analysis are given below:

Environmental

Natural Resources

Natural Disaster

Environmental Risks

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Bangladesh's limited natural resources. Nearly all arable land is already cultivated and forestland has been greatly reduced by agricultural expansion and by timber and firewood cutting. Bangladesh's environmental problems have been complicated by natural disasters that add to the strain on an agricultural system which supports one of the world's most populous countries.

Bangladesh is a low-lying, revering country located in South Asia with a largely marshy jungle coastline of 710 km (441 mi) on the northern littoral of the Bay of Bengal. Formed by a delta plain at the confluence of the Ganges (Padma), Brahmaputra (Jamuna), and Meghna Rivers and their tributaries, Bangladesh's alluvial soil is highly fertile, but vulnerable to flood and drought. Hills rise above the plain only in the Chittagong Hill Tracts in the far southeast and the Sylhet division in the northeast. Straddling the Tropic of Cancer, Bangladesh has a tropical monsoon climate characterized by heavy seasonal rainfall, high temperatures, and high humidity. Natural disasters, such as floods, tornadoes, and tidal bores affect the country yearly. Bangladesh also is affected by major cyclones, on average 16 times a decade.

A cyclone struck the southeastern coast in May 1991, killing 136,000 people. Cyclone Sidr struck the southwestern coast on November 15, 2007, affecting not only the coastal districts of the administrative division Khulna but also about half of the tropical forest Sundarbans.

In Bangladesh the mineralogical, chemical and engineering properties of Pleistocene and Holocene brick clays of Dhaka, Narayanganj and Narsingdi

Natural Resources:

Government support in environment

Environmental Barrier

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districts are well documented. The bulk chemistry and engineering properties of the Holocene and Pleistocene samples have been found satisfactory for manufacturing good quality bricks. These are being exploited and widely used in the country.

There are surface to near surface deposits of white clay in Bijoypur and Gopalpur area of Netrokonadistrict, Nalitabari of Sherpur district, Haidgaon and BaitulIzzat of Satkaniaupazila,Chittagong district, Maddhyapara, Barapukuria, Dighipara of Dinajpur district and PatnitalaofNaogaon district. The exposed white clay is not good in quality.

Deposits of gravel are found along the piedmont areas of the HIMALAYAS in the northern boundaries of Bangladesh. These river borne gravels come from the upstream during the rainy season. Total reserve of the gravel deposits is about 10 million cu m. Gravel deposits are being exploited and used in the country.

Bangladesh has dearth of construction materials. A large deposit of grand diorite, quartz diorite. GSB discovered hard rock in Maddhyapara, Dinajpur. The Rock Quality Designation (RQD)of fresh rock varies from 60% to 100%.Development of this underground hard rock mine is going on by Nam Nam Co, a North Korean company. Its production was scheduled to start in 2002 and the annual production has been estimated to be 1.65million ton.

In Bangladesh peat deposits occur in the marshy areas of the north‐eastern, middle and south western parts with a total reserve of more than 170 million ton. Calorific value of peat ranges from 6000 to 7000 BTU/lb.

Coal first discovered in the country by Geological Survey of Pakistan (GSP) in 1959 was at great depth. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF BANGLADESH (GSB)

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continued its efforts for exploration that resulted in the discovery of 4 coalfields. The development of underground Barapukuria Coal Mine, one of the five fields, started in June 1996, which was scheduled to be completed in May 200l, but due to some changes in mine design it will take some more time. Exploitable coal reserve of Barapukuria is 64 million ton and annual production has been estimated to be I million ton A power station will be set up with a capacity of 300MW using this coal.

Bangladesh possesses a wide range of fishes, prawns, lobsters and other crustaceans, mollusks, turtles and other fishery resources inhabiting its extensive marine and inland open waters. The total fish production of Bangladesh was estimated at 11, 72,800 m tons in 1995. Inland open water fisheries contributed 73 percent of the total fish production. In 1987, Bangladesh became third in world inland fish and shrimp production after China and India. Fisheries account for 4.7 percent of GDP, 9.1 percent of the export earnings, 6 percent of the supply of protein and about 80 percent of the animal protein intake of its population. Bangladesh is the country of rivers. Main rivers in Bangladesh are- Padma,Meghna, Shurma, Brahmaputra, Jomuna, Kapotaksha, Matamuhuri etc.Another surface water source of Bangladesh is Bay of Bengal, a northern extended arm of the INDIAN OCEAN. The Bay occupies an area of about 2.2 million sq km and the average depth is 2,600m with a maximum depth of 5,258m. Bangladesh is situated at the head of the Bay of Bengal.

Natural Disaster

Bangladesh is a disaster-prone country, the geographical setting and various other anthropogenic activities make the country vulnerable to natural disasters. Almost every year one or more severe natural disasters upset people's lives in some part of the country. The recent natural disaster that took place in Bangladesh

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was on November 15, 2007. It was a cyclonic storm named Sidr that brought havoc in southern and central Bangladesh. Millions were left homeless after the storm had passed. Sidr was the deadliest cyclone to ever hit Bangladesh since its independence. It killed almost 4000 people and injured about 30.000. Unofficial sources say that the numbers are even higher.In the case of Sidr, some 3 million people were evacuated to higher grounds before the waves hit the coast land. Still, the damages that the cyclone produced heavily affected the already poor and fragile economy of Bangladesh. Trees were uprooted, crops were destroyed, entire roads and bridges were totally washed away, telephone poles were smashed to the ground, electricity was cut off and livestock was killed.

Bangladesh is also prone to frequent floods. The last one, that took place in 2007, destroyed approximately 60.000 houses. This means that almost 60.000 families were left without a shelter in a country where poverty rates are high and shelter is sometimes considered a luxury, not a basic human need. Specialists blame deforestation and climate change as the main actors guilty for frequent flooding. Climate change causes the sea water levels to rise, meaning that the coast of Bangladesh will narrow each year and will get flooded more often. Unofficial sources say that the numbers are even higher.In the case of Sidr, some 3 million people were evacuated to higher grounds before the waves hit the coast land. Still, the damages that the cyclone produced heavily affected the already poor and fragile economy of Bangladesh

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Government Support in Environment

The aim of this paper is to analyze the various aspects of flood and cyclone, their management and recommend measures to overcome the effect of these disasters.

Flood is a relatively high stream or tidal flow that overtops the natural or artificial banks in any reach of a stream or coastal plain.

The major rivers slowly rise from snowmelt in the Himalayas and the high regions to the north. As the floodwaters arrive from upstream, locally heavy rains help increase the river levels. The rivers can be above flood stage anywhere from a few days up to several months.

Locally heavy rains of 100 mm or more over the cities and larger towns can cause damaging and disruptive flooding as a result of poor or blocked drainage and rapid runoff.

Heavy rains in the Khasia, Jaintia, Garo and Tripura Hills cause local rivers and small streams to rise to dangerous levels within six to twelve hours. In addition, heavy and continuous rains can cause flash flooding in local areas.

Natural Disasters like cyclones, typhoons, cyclone with storm surge, floods, tornadoes, earthquakes, riverbank erosion and landslide have threatened mankind since history started. With the rapidly rising global population, the likelihood is that the impact of natural disasters will become larger by the simple reason in the size of the target. There is also the potential of climate change which coupled with sea level rise may result in alternation of magnitude and frequency of flood, cyclones etc. making community more vulnerable to them.

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Disaster management principally concerns to disaster mitigation and preparedness. In case of any devastating natural disaster, Armed Forces, Government agencies and UN agencies play a vital role in terms of massive immediate response and subsequent rehabilitation of the affected people.

Owing to geographical location and other environmental reasons, Bangladesh is frequently encountered with different kinds of natural disasters. Although it is vulnerable to a wide variety of natural hazards, flood and cyclone are the prominent ones in the country.

Natural hazards: Cyclones; much of the country routinely swamped with water during the summer monsoon season, droughts.

Environment - current issues: Many people are landless and forced to live on and cultivate flood-prone land; limited access to potable water; water-borne diseases prevalent; water pollution especially of fishing areas results from the use of commercial pesticides; ground water contaminated by naturally occurring arsenic; intermittent water shortages because of falling water tables in the northern and central parts of the country; soil degradation and erosion; deforestation; severe overpopulation

Actually there was no negative effect of environment over the business and industry of Bangladesh. Over the time, we used the environment to grow and prosper on the business. We polluted the environment by industrial wastes and still polluting. We cut down trees to make room for new industry. We polluted the air, the water and soil by the time we make great prosperity on this sector.

Effect on Business:

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81RECOMMENDATION & IMPLEMENTATION

Anowara Garments Ltd. has long lead time due to inefficient production process.

Recommendation:Anowara Garments Ltd. can introduce garment engineering technique/ strategy to make an efficient and sequential product processing layout.

Why Choose this Recommendation?

Garment engineering is a questioning technique, it questions each process/operation of the total work content and by using innovative methods of construction and technology you can reduce the work content and increase profitability.

Key areas for analysis

1. Seam types – Various seam types should be analyzed and considered to simplify/reduce the work

2. Stitch types- Explore various options in terms of seam types what is possible just by changing the seam type For example replace lock stitches by chain stitch in case of Multi-needle seams

3. Machine types- Optimum use of technology to maximize, look in to machine type, bed shapes and automation that’s possible

4. Attachments – Attachment can help immensely in simplifying and reducing the work content, sometime operations can be combined using attachments to increase line balancing efficiency.

Problem 1 :

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Implementation

Bangladesh Ready Made Garments (RMG) sector is dependent on labor force to a massive extent. High-tech machinery allows dependency on workers to minimize; ensures better productivity and reduce production cost. The introduction of high-tech machinery would reduce lead time and enable Anowara Garments Ltd. to maintain standard in quality of output.

Core Functional Implementation:

Operational Implementation:

The basic process includes the following stages:

1. Receive the order2. Plan to check if there is available capacity in sewing to

achieve the delivery date required3. Plan to check the available capacity in non-sewing areas (cut,

embroidery; print, wash and pack)4. Plan to check sufficient lead time to order and receive fabric,

trims, approve sample, carry out lab tests5. Confirm delivery date to customer and reserve capacity6. Communicate plan to all departments7. Monitor progress against plan8. Re-plan as required and return to Point 5.

In an ideal world, this cycle would be carried out in a systematic way. No plan is ever perfect, but all that we have learned about total quality management reminds us that we must aim at the ideal rather than settle for ‘Acceptable Quality Levels’ that have a built-in failure rate. Although the first priority is the customer delivery date, the factory must also consider the best place to make each product, taking into account both skill and machine constraints. Production efficiency depends upon this. In the clothing industry, planning will typically focus on sewing, as it can account for up to 80% of the skill and resources required. However, the capacity constraints of supporting areas also have to be assessed.

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Marketing Implementation:

Anowara Garments Ltd. needs to implement the recommended strategy from their marketing perspective as well. The marketing implementation of this recommended solution will be done in several steps. This will increase the market value of the beers and the way of being established as a brand will be much smooth. Anowara Garments Ltd. is totally customer oriented. To sustain in the market as well as a greater future expansion and profitability they need to be establish themselves as a customer friendly brand. Marketing is the core function to do so. A proper marketing plan can lead any company to the top of the pyramid. In the marketing implementation we have to suggest them to build a strong marketing team that can plan more efficiently and be able to achieve the goal of the organization. Positioning a company can lead to a better organizational fulfillment. Being positioned by someone else restricts the company’s choices and limits its opportunities. So to do better business, Anowara Garments Ltd.must replace this stereotype with their new positioning. They must position themselves as a better network provider; otherwise it will never be possible to grab the targeted market share.

First of all Anowara Garments Ltd. needs to redesign their market positioning for a better brand image. And image is the outward representation of being who you want to be, doing what you want to do, and having what you want to have. Positioning a company can lead to a better organizational fulfillment. Being positioned by someone else restricts the company’s choices and limits its opportunities. So to do better business, Anowara Garments Ltd. must replace this stereotype with their new positioning. They must position themselves as a better network provider; otherwise it will never be possible to grab the targeted market share. Every product or service has their own Unique Selling Proposition (USP). Use a Unique Selling Proposition or "USP".

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Financial Implementation:

Anowara Garments Ltd. needs to implement the recommended alternative from their financial perspective as well. The financial implementation of this recommended solution will be done in several steps. This will increase the feasibility aspects of the recommended alternative. For any company finance can't be undervalued and can be said that it's the lifeline of a business and is required for its well-being. It can be said to be a lubricant which keeps the business running. Whether we have a small, medium or large business, we will always need finance, right from the beginning to promoting and establishing our product, acquiring assets, employ people, encouraging them to work for the development of our product and create a brand name.

In this case, the financial implementation is immensely important because finance ensures that there are adequate funds available to acquire the resources needed to help the organization achieve its objectives, ensure costs are controlled, ensure adequate cash flow, establish and control profitability levels. One of the major roles of the finance department is to identify appropriate financial information prior to communicating this information to managers and decision-makers, in order that they may make informed judgments and decisions.

To ensure the proper functioning of the finance department, Anowara Garments Ltd. needs dynamic and reliable financial managers. HR will help them to find the correct person. After the necessary recruitment and needed shuffling the finance department, it will be ready to go hand in hand with the other departments of the company. To execute plan ‘money’ is the primary requirement. Nothing can be done without money. But at the same time we need to be careful about the proper use of money. The finance department in a company is of utmost importance as they are responsible for financial planning ensuring that adequate funds are available for achieving the objectives of the organization.

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Human Resource strategy:

Human resources are the main and core ingredients that drive out the operations of any institution. Similarly from Anowara Garments Ltd. perspective, strategic human resource is the main ingredient to be put much emphasis on the management of the human resource of the company and focus much as in the Human Resource Strategy in order to initiate their business. For supporting all these activities, a Human Resources Department must be engaged throughout the process that would implement strategic human resources management planning process that would work as a support system. Moreover, the Training and Development program needs to be planned accordingly and most importantly the compensation and benefit scheme needs to be structured in a proper manner so that eligible candidates are attracted and at the same time retained within the organization.

Evaluation and Feedback

The Human Resources Department is responsible for developing and administering a benefits compensation system that serves as an incentive to ensure the recruitment and detainment of top talent that will stay on with the company. When an employee is hired, the company's Benefits Coordinator is required to meet with employees one-on-one or in small group settings to explain their benefits package.

The management should evaluate the employees and give them the feedback. It is very important for any organization. In this part, in the performance appraisal system, previously, it is quite difficult for any employee to move from scale 2 to 3. The gap between the scale 2 and 3 is also a problem since it limits the scope of employees to perform better. The performance appraisal is very rigid and therefore, discourages the employees on the whole since the scope for better performance is very limited.

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Anowara Garments Ltd. employees are unskilled compare to industrial and international standard. Hence do not have a competitive advantage over labor force productivity.

Recommendation:Anowara Garments Ltd. can create internal training facilities which will match with company strategy and hence would increase labor’s skills and productive potentials.


Internal training offers employers and employees advantages that are not found when you send an employee to an external training program or seminar. Training transfer occurs more naturally and employees cement learning through training other employees. On-the-job training that enhances an employee’s skills and ensures her readiness for the next promotion, is generally far superior to a public seminar. To receive the best outcome from employees, it is very important that the employees are well trained. Even a potential employee fails to perform if he lacks training. Finding the training needs and then train the employees according to their needs is a must for any big organization.

Problem 2 :

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Implementation

To receive the best outcome from employees, it is very important that the employees are well trained. Even a potential employee fails to perform if he lacks training. Finding the training needs and then train the employees according to their needs is a must for any big organization.



First of all Anowara Garments Ltd. needs to recruit efficient technical experts to run the operational activities. HR department will be responsible for hiring the right person in the right place. Unless they have high-quality technical experts, they will never be able to get the desired operational performance. As the operation of manufacturing company is quite complicated and it requires vast technical knowledge it is better to have experts at any cost.

They need to train their managers and workers for more efficiency. As the workers are solely responsible for the field work they must be well trained. Otherwise those immensely expensive machines may get damaged and will not work properly. The field workers need to be trained to be more responsive to situations and should have the ability to make instant decisions.

HR manager should implement it. He has the power to take these decisions. He has to understand the training needs for employees and should implement it accordingly. The place of implementing this issue is the organization. HR manager should try to find the training needs and should plan the training and development such that employees can increase their efficiency. It must be implement as soon as possible after forming the HR department. Without proper training and development, an organization cannot achieve its goals properly.

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Anowara Garments Ltd. needs to implement the recommended strategy from their marketing perspective as well. The marketing implementation of this recommended solution will be done in several steps. This will increase the market value of the beers and the way of being established as a brand will be much smooth. Whirlpool is totally customer oriented. To sustain in the market as well as a greater future expansion and profitability they need to be establish themselves as a customer friendly brand. Marketing is the core function to do so. First of all Anowara Garments Ltd. needs to redesign their market positioning for a better brand image. Positioning is a powerful tool that allows any service to create an image. And image is the outward representation of being who you want to be, doing what you want to do, and having what you want to have. Positioning a company can lead to a better organizational fulfillment. Being positioned by someone else restricts the company’s choices and limits its opportunities. So to do better business, Anowara Garments Ltd. must replace this stereotype with their new positioning. They must position themselves as a better network provider; otherwise it will never be possible to grab the targeted market share. Every product or service has their own Unique Selling Proposition (USP). Use a Unique Selling Proposition or "USP".

A proper marketing plan can lead any company to the top of the pyramid. In the marketing implementation we have to suggest them to build a strong marketing team that can plan more efficiently and be able to achieve the goal of the organization. Positioning a company can lead to a better organizational fulfillment. Being positioned by someone else restricts the company’s choices and limits its opportunities. So to do better business, Anowara Garments Ltd.must replace this stereotype with their new positioning. They must position themselves as a better network provider; otherwise it will never be possible to grab the targeted market share. Whatever the product or service, without a good marketing strategy the product or service would not be known.

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One of the major roles of the finance department is to identify appropriate financial information prior to communicating this information to managers and decision-makers, in order that they may make informed judgments and decisions. In this case, the financial implementation is immensely important because finance ensures that there are adequate funds available to acquire the resources needed to help the organization achieve its objectives, ensure costs are controlled, ensure adequate cash flow, establish and control profitability levels.

To execute plan ‘money’ is the primary requirement. Nothing can be done without money. But at the same time we need to be careful about the proper use of money. The finance department in a company is of utmost importance as they are responsible for financial planning ensuring that adequate funds are available for achieving the objectives of the organization. To ensure the proper functioning of the finance department, Anowara Garments Ltd. needs dynamic and reliable financial managers. HR will help them to find the correct person. After the necessary recruitment and needed shuffling the finance department, it will be ready to go hand in hand with the other departments of the company.

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Human resources are the main and core ingredients that drive out the operations of any institution. Similarly from Anowara Garments Ltd. perspective, strategic human resource is the main ingredient to be put much emphasis on the management of the human resource of the company and focus much as in the Human Resource Strategy in order to initiate their business. For supporting all these activities, a Human Resources Department must be engaged throughout the process that would implement strategic human resources management planning process that would work as a support system. Furthermore, the recruitment and selection process of the new recruit needs to be done in a concrete form so that all the potential and efficient workers are hired to serve the company in better terms. Moreover, the Training and Development program needs to be planned accordingly and most importantly the compensation and benefit scheme needs to be structured in a proper manner.


When an employee is hired, the company's Benefits Coordinator is required to meet with employees one-on-one or in small group settings to explain their benefits package. The Human Resources Department is responsible for developing and administering a benefits compensation system that serves as an incentive to ensure the recruitment and detainment of top talent that will stay on with the company.

The performance appraisal is very rigid and therefore, discourages the employees on the whole since the scope for better performance is very limited. It is very important for any organization. In this part, in the performance appraisal system, previously, it is quite difficult for any employee to move from scale 2 to 3. The gap between the scale 2 and 3 is also a problem since it limits the scope of employees to perform better.

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Trade unions conflict has affected Anowara Garments Ltd. massively as riots over occupational health and safety issue had already led to a massive instability in business environment.

Recommendation:Anowara Garments Ltd. should reform HR department to mainly focus trade union issues and problems.


At present the main agenda of Trade Union movement is a National Minimum Wage. But there is tremendous opposition from employer side about fixing a national minimum wage. They argue, it should be sector wise. There are many sector employer has no ability to pay such minimum wage. Trade Unions argue that National Minimum Wage argue that Minimum Wage has to be looked upon as the basic right to provide minimum requirement for leading a healthy working and social life. This will have to be uniform for all. They further argue that the labour is not a commodity. It is both, input into production as well as the object of production.

As many 23 central federations till now being registered. No central federation has strength that they can launch nation wide struggle independently. They do not have such organizational or financial resource either. Almost all political party has a trade union. All these except a few trade union, mostly depend on support and financial help from the political party. That is also a reason that the ruling party’s trade union center has much more affiliate unions than others.

Problem 3 :

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Implementation

Bangladesh Ready Made Garments (RMG) sector is dependent on labor force to a massive extent. Control over trade unions allows dependency on workers to minimize; ensures better productivity and reduce production cost. The introduction of high-tech machinery would reduce lead time and enable Anowara Garments Ltd. to maintain standard in quality of output.



To protect job and trade union rights trade unions got united and has formed Sramik Karmachari Oikya Parishad (SKOP) in 1983 and launched a series of action programmer to press their demands including job security, higher wages, trade union rights and others. In 1984, government and SKOP came on agreement that a wages commission will be set up to recommend a new wage structure. But it was implemented only in public sector. Other important issue was the job security of disinvested industries and no further disinvestment without consulting workers. This part of agreement was also not respected by government.

There was also agreement that the government will form a commission to draft a democratic labour legislation. At present the main agenda of Trade Union movement is a National Minimum Wage. But there is tremendous opposition from employer side about fixing a national minimum wage. They argue, it should be sector wise. There are many sector employer has no ability to pay such minimum wage. Trade Unions argue that National Minimum Wage argue that Minimum Wage has to be looked upon as the basic right to provide minimum requirement for leading a healthy working and social life. This will have to be uniform for all. They further argue that the labour is not a commodity. It is both, input into production as well as the object of production.

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First of all Anowara Garments Ltd. needs to redesign their market positioning for a better brand image. The marketing implementation of this recommended solution will be done in several steps. This will increase the market value of the beers and the way of being established as a brand will be much smooth. Anowara Garments Ltd. is totally customer oriented. To sustain in the market as well as a greater future expansion and profitability they need to be establish themselves as a customer friendly brand. Marketing is the core function to do so. A proper marketing plan can lead any company to the top of the pyramid. In the marketing implementation we have to suggest them to build a strong marketing team that can plan more efficiently and be able to achieve the goal of the organization. Positioning a company can lead to a better organizational fulfillment. Being positioned by someone else restricts the company’s choices and limits its opportunities. So to do better business, Anowara Garments Ltd. must replace this stereotype with their new positioning. They must position themselves as a better network provider; otherwise it will never be possible to grab the targeted market share.

Anowara Garments Ltd. needs to implement the recommended strategy from their marketing perspective as well. And image is the outward representation of being who you want to be, doing what you want to do, and having what you want to have. Positioning a company can lead to a better organizational fulfillment. Being positioned by someone else restricts the company’s choices and limits its opportunities. So to do better business, Anowara Garments Ltd. must replace this stereotype with their new positioning. They must position themselves as a better network provider; otherwise it will never be possible to grab the targeted market share. Every product or service has their own Unique Selling Proposition (USP). Use a Unique Selling Proposition or "USP".

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Human resources are the main and core ingredients that drive out the operations of any institution. Moreover, the Training and Development program needs to be planned accordingly and most importantly the compensation and benefit scheme needs to be structured in a proper manner so that eligible candidates are attracted and at the same time retained within the organization. Similarly from Anowara Garments Ltd. perspective, strategic human resource is the main ingredient to be put much emphasis on the management of the human resource of the company and focus much as in the Human Resource Strategy in order to initiate their business. For supporting all these activities, a Human Resources Department must be engaged throughout the process that would implement strategic human resources management planning process that would work as a support system.




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Anowara Garments Ltd. does not have a proper succession planning.

Recommendation:A proper succession should be designed that would allow the business to choose its management in future.


Succession planning is an essential part of doing business, no matter how certain your future appears. You can't plan for disaster. No matter how good you and your staff are at revenue projections or economic predictions, no one can truly plan for disaster. Whether it's an unforeseen illness, a natural disaster, or a CEO's decision to suddenly retire, the reasons for having a succession plan in place before it is needed are endless. So while you can't plan for disaster, you can put into place a series of contingencies that will help your company stay afloat if, in fact, catastrophe occurs.

Succession planning benefits the business now. Just as business practices have evolved over the years, succession planning has also grown and changed. It's no longer a plan that can only be accessed when leadership is going to change; a succession plan can be used before its "real" intent is necessary. It can be used to build strong leadership, help a business survive the daily changes in the marketplace, and force executives to review and examine the company's current goals.

Problem 4 :

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Implementation

Bangladesh Ready Made Garments (RMG) sector is dependent on labor force to a massive extent. Without proper succession planning, the company fails in future. The introduction of high-tech machinery would reduce lead time and enable Anowara Garments Ltd. to maintain standard in quality of output.



First of all ANOWARA GARMENTS LTD. needs to recruit efficient technical experts to run the operational activities. HR department will be responsible for hiring the right person in the right place. Unless they have high-quality technical experts, they will never be able to get the desired operational performance. As the operation of manufacturing company is quite complicated and it requires vast technical knowledge it is better to have experts at any cost.


The water and wastewater systems group designs, manufactures, and sells systems and equipment to treat water and wastewater for municipalities and industrial customers worldwide. In this business, it offers a wide variety of technology from second generation technologies that enable conventional treatment systems to highly advanced and specialized systems such as nano-Filtration systems. USFilter has a UF offering under the brand name, Memcor a small, but fast growing Part of USFilter’s overall business. Incidentally, Memcor UF systems look and operate similar to that of ANOWARA GARMENTS LTD.’s, and therefore ANOWARA GARMENTS LTD.

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has filed an IP lawsuit against USFilter in the courts of Southern California. This lawsuit has affected USFilter’s ability to sell this technology effectively in North America, although this product competes well internationally.


Anowara Garments Ltd. needs to implement the recommended strategy from their marketing perspective as well. The marketing implementation of this recommended solution will be done in several steps. This will increase the market value of the beers and the way of being established as a brand will be much smooth. Anowara Garments Ltd. is totally customer oriented. To sustain in the market as well as a greater future expansion and profitability they need to be establish themselves as a customer friendly brand. Marketing is the core function to do so. A proper marketing plan can lead any company to the top of the pyramid. In the marketing implementation we have to suggest them to build a strong marketing team that can plan more efficiently and be able to achieve the goal of the organization.

Anowara Garments Ltd. must replace this stereotype with their new positioning. They must position themselves as a better network provider; otherwise it will never be possible to grab the targeted market share. And image is the outward representation of being who you want to be, doing what you want to do, and having what you want to have. Positioning a company can lead to a better organizational fulfillment. Being positioned by someone else restricts the company’s choices and limits its opportunities. So to do better business, Anowara Garments Ltd. must replace this stereotype with their new positioning. They must position themselves as a better network provider; otherwise it will never be possible to grab the targeted market share.

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Part: A






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Human resources are the main and core ingredients that drive out the operations of any institution. Similarly from Anowara Garments Ltd. perspective, strategic human resource is the main ingredient to be put much emphasis on the management of the human resource of the company and focus much as in the Human Resource Strategy in order to initiate their business. For supporting all these activities, a Human Resources Department must be engaged throughout the process that would implement strategic human resources management planning process that would work as a support system. Moreover, the Training and Development program needs to be planned accordingly and most importantly the compensation and benefit scheme needs to be structured in a proper manner so that eligible candidates are attracted and at the same time retained within the organization.


The Human Resources Department is responsible for developing and administering a benefits compensation system that serves as an incentive to ensure the recruitment and detainment of top talent that will stay on with the company. When an employee is hired, the company's Benefits Coordinator is required to meet with employees one-on-one or in small group settings to explain their benefits package.


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Anowara Garments Ltd. has a complex and indecisive work environment and employees are not motivated with unethical business and management policy.

Recommendation:Assign the HR department to establish an ethical compensation structure which follows the Equal pay act and EEO.


The Equal Pay Act requires that men and women in the same workplace be given equal pay for equal work. The jobs need not be identical, but they must be substantially equal. Job content (not job titles) determines whether jobs are substantially equal. All forms of pay are covered by this law, including salary, overtime pay, bonuses, stock options, profit sharing and bonus plans, life insurance, vacation and holiday pay, cleaning or gasoline allowances, hotel accommodations, reimbursement for travel expenses, and benefits. If there is an inequality in wages between men and women, employers may not reduce the wages of either sex to equalize their pay.

An individual alleging a violation of the EPA may go directly to court and is not required to file an EEOC charge beforehand. The time limit for filing an EPA charge with the EEOC and the time limit for going to court are the same: within two years of the alleged unlawful compensation practice or, in the case of a willful violation, within three years. The filing of an EEOC charge under the EPA does not extend the time frame for going to court.

Problem 5 :

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Implementation



HR department will be responsible for hiring the right person in the right place. Unless they have high-quality technical experts, they will never be able to get the desired operational performance. As the operation of manufacturing company is quite complicated and it requires vast technical knowledge it is better to have experts at any cost. They need to train their managers and workers for more efficiency. As the workers are solely responsible for the field work they must be well trained. Otherwise those immensely expensive machines may get damaged and will not work properly. The field workers need to be trained to be more responsive to situations and should have the ability to make instant decisions.

In this business, it offers a wide variety of technology from second generation technologies that enable conventional treatment systems to highly advanced and specialized systems such as nano-Filtration systems. USFilter has a UF offering under the brand name, Memcor a small, but fast growing Part of USFilter’s overall business. Incidentally, Memcor UF systems look and operate similar to that of ANOWARA GARMENTS LTD.’s, and therefore ANOWARA GARMENTS LTD. has filed an IP lawsuit against USFilter in the courts of Southern California. This lawsuit has affected USFilter’s ability to sell this technology effectively in North America, although this product competes well internationally. The water and wastewater systems group designs, manufactures, and sells systems and equipment to treat water and wastewater for municipalities and industrial customers worldwide.


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Job Details


Part: A


Anowara Garments Ltd. needs to implement the recommended strategy from their marketing perspective as well. The marketing implementation of this recommended solution will be done in several steps. This will increase the market value of the beers and the way of being established as a brand will be much smooth. Anowara Garments Ltd. is totally customer oriented. To sustain in the market as well as a greater future expansion and profitability they need to be establish themselves as a customer friendly brand. Marketing is the core function to do so. A proper marketing plan can lead any company to the top of the pyramid. In the marketing implementation we have to suggest them to build a strong marketing team that can plan more efficiently and be able to achieve the goal of the organization.

So to do better business, Anowara Garments Ltd.must replace this stereotype with their new positioning. They must position themselves as a better network provider; otherwise it will never be possible to grab the targeted market share. Positioning a company can lead to a better organizational fulfillment. Being positioned by someone else restricts the company’s choices and limits its opportunities.

First of all Anowara Garments Ltd. needs to redesign their market positioning for a better brand image. And image is the outward representation of being who you want to be, doing what you want to do, and having what you want to have. Positioning a company can lead to a better organizational fulfillment. Being positioned by someone else restricts the company’s choices and limits its opportunities. So to do better business, Anowara Garments Ltd. must replace this stereotype with their new positioning. They must position themselves as a better network provider; otherwise it will never be possible to grab the targeted market share. Every product or service has their own Unique Selling Proposition (USP). Use a Unique Selling Proposition or "USP".

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Job Details


Part: A






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For supporting all these activities, a Human Resources Department must be engaged throughout the process that would implement strategic human resources management planning process that would work as a support system. Human resources are the main and core ingredients that drive out the operations of any institution. Similarly from Anowara Garments Ltd. perspective, strategic human resource is the main ingredient to be put much emphasis on the management of the human resource of the company and focus much as in the Human Resource Strategy in order to initiate their business. Moreover, the Training and Development program needs to be planned accordingly and most importantly the compensation and benefit scheme needs to be structured in a proper manner so that eligible candidates are attracted and at the same time retained within the organization.




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Part: A


Anowara Garments lack in behind from occupational health and safety issues in the organization compare to international standard.

Recommendation:Assign a new department or a team to maintain and research out the likely cause of deterioration in occupational health and safety standard in the organization.


Occupational safety and health (OSH) is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment. The goals of occupational safety and health programs include fostering a safe and healthy work environment. OSH may also protect co-workers, family members, employers, customers, and many others who might be affected by the workplace environment.

Occupational safety and health can be important for moral, legal, and financial reasons. All organizations have a duty of care to ensure that employees and any other person who may be affected by the companies undertaking remain safe at all times. Moral obligations would involve the protection of employee's lives and health. Legal reasons for OSH practices relate to the preventative, punitive and compensatory effects of laws that protect worker's safety and health. OSH can also reduce employee injury and illness related costs, including medical care, sick leave and disability benefit costs.

Implementation

Problem 6 :

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First of all Anowara Garments Ltd. needs to recruit efficient technical experts to run the operational activities. HR department will be responsible for hiring the right person in the right place. Unless they have high-quality technical experts, they will never be able to get the desired operational performance. As the operation of manufacturing company is quite complicated and it requires vast technical knowledge it is better to have experts at any cost.


HR manager should implement it. He has the power to take these decisions. He has to understand the training needs for employees and should implement it accordingly. The place of implementing this issue is the organization. HR manager should try to find the training needs and should plan the training and development such that employees can increase their efficiency. It must be implement as soon as possible after forming the HR department. Without proper training and development, an organization cannot achieve its goals properly.

G

Job Details


Part: A



Anowara Garments Ltd. needs to implement the recommended strategy from their marketing perspective as well. The marketing implementation of this recommended solution will be done in several steps. This will increase the market value of the beers and the way of being established as a brand will be much smooth. Whirlpool is totally customer oriented. To sustain in the market as well as a greater future expansion and profitability they need to be establish themselves as a customer friendly brand. Marketing is the core function to do so. Positioning is a powerful tool that allows any service to create an image. And image is the outward representation of being who you want to be, doing what you want to do, and having what you want to have. Positioning a company can lead to a better organizational fulfillment. Being positioned by someone else restricts the company’s choices and limits its opportunities. So to do better business, Anowara Garments Ltd. must replace this stereotype with their new positioning. They must position themselves as a better network provider; otherwise it will never be possible to grab the targeted market share. Every product or service has their own Unique Selling Proposition (USP). Use a Unique Selling Proposition or "USP".

A proper marketing plan can lead any company to the top of the pyramid. In the marketing implementation we have to suggest them to build a strong marketing team that can plan more efficiently and be able to achieve the goal of the organization. Positioning a company can lead to a better organizational fulfillment. Being positioned by someone else restricts the company’s choices and limits its opportunities. So to do better business, Anowara Garments Ltd.must replace this stereotype with their new positioning. They must position themselves as a better network provider; otherwise it will never be possible to grab the targeted market share. Whatever the product or service, without a good marketing strategy the product or service would not be known.

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Job Details


Part: A





To execute plan ‘money’ is the primary requirement. Nothing can be done without money. But at the same time we need to be careful about the proper use of money. The finance department in a company is of utmost importance as they are responsible for financial planning ensuring that adequate funds are available for achieving the objectives of the organization. To ensure the proper functioning of the finance department, Anowara Garments Ltd. needs dynamic and reliable financial managers. HR will help them to find the correct person. After the necessary recruitment and needed shuffling the finance department, it will be ready to go hand in hand with the other departments of the company.

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Job Details


Part: A



Human resources are the main and core ingredients that drive out the operations of any institution. Similarly from Anowara Garments Ltd. perspective, strategic human resource is the main ingredient to be put much emphasis on the management of the human resource of the company and focus much as in the Human Resource Strategy in order to initiate their business. For supporting all these activities, a Human Resources Department must be engaged throughout the process that would implement strategic human resources management planning process that would work as a support system. Furthermore, the recruitment and selection process of the new recruit needs to be done in a concrete form so that all the potential and efficient workers are hired to serve the company in better terms. Moreover, the Training and Development program needs to be planned accordingly and most importantly the compensation and benefit scheme needs to be structured in a proper manner.



The performance appraisal is very rigid and therefore, discourages the employees on the whole since the scope for better performance is very limited. It is very important for any organization. In this part, in the performance appraisal system, previously, it is quite difficult for any employee to move from scale 2 to 3. The gap between the scale 2 and 3 is also a problem since it limits the scope of employees to perform better.

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Job Details


Part: A


part A hr audit

Documents

Transcript of part A hr audit