Part 4 Battery Chargers Theriault

7/28/2019 Part 4 Battery Chargers Theriault

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UTILITY BATTERY CIRCUITSTILITY BATTERY CIRCUITS


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Safety FirstLocation

yewas s a on

Non metallic tools

Fire rotection

Proper signage

Hydrogen release and venting

Battery room lockout

Electrolyte spill


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ReliabilityCost

Simplicity

an ar za on

Component

Availability


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Parts of the dc bus

THE BATTERY

THE BATTERYCHARGER

THE DC


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Parts of the dc bus

DC


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FD=Fused Disconnect BC=Batter Charge DIS=Distribution panel


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Adding Redundancy


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Adding Redundancy


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Adding Redundancy


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Adding Redundancy


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Design with the user in mind

.

Think about protecting and removing each element.

Remember that batteries added today may change in size later.

Plan the floor layout to accommodate a spare battery or test loads.

Battery chargers are increased in size to accommodate added loads.

.

Add disconnects and junctions at key locations.

Add extra breakers in the dc distribution or connectors for remote

a eres, es equpmen , an emporary a ery c argers.


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Half Full?Half Full?

A vesse twice t e sizeA vesse twice t e sizerequ re .requ re .


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Properly sized chargersProperly sized chargersw resu t n;w resu t n;

..

Properly maintained loads.Properly maintained loads.

More efficient operation.More efficient operation.

Lower cost at inception.Lower cost at inception.

system.system.


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battery charger sizing;battery charger sizing;

IEEE Std 446IEEE Std 446--1987,1987,

nown as t enown as t e Orange BooOrange Boo

IEEE Std 946IEEE Std 946--20042004


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Constant Voltage ChargingConstant Voltage Charging

One of the oldest methodsOne of the oldest methods

used for aircraft.used for aircraft.


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Constant Voltage ChargingConstant Voltage Charging

Keeps the battery chargedKeeps the battery charged

maintaining a constant voltage.maintaining a constant voltage.


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.Toda constant otential.Toda constant otentialcharging is used for justcharging is used for justabout ever thin ..about ever thin ..

UtilityUtility

CommunicationsCommunications

asas

Petro ChemicalPetro Chemical

ChemicalChemical

TransportationTransportation


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::voltage and prevents self discharge.voltage and prevents self discharge.Like a batterys state of charge, thisLike a batterys state of charge, this

the storage.the storage.


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Equalize ChargeEqualize Charge used toused tocause a batterys cells tocause a batterys cells toecome more equ va enecome more equ va en

in their state of charger.in their state of charger.

we are over chargingwe are over chargingsome cells and fullysome cells and fully

charging others.charging others.


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Float Charge & Equalize charge voltagesFloat Charge & Equalize charge voltagesare determined by the batteryare determined by the batterymanufacturer.manufacturer.


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Constant LoadsConstant Loads defined as those loads which remaindefined as those loads which remainsteady and present.steady and present.

Control relays

SCADA Systems


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Transient LoadsTransient Loads defined as those loadsdefined as those loadswhich are fleeting.which are fleeting.


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((Ah x R)/ T) + L = Charger Amperes

Ah (Ampere hours) This is the measurement of a batterys storage capacity

the battery. We could also use the full value of the battery.

= ec arge actor s accounts or osses n t e attery w e c argngWet Vented Lead Acid 1.1, 1.15Valve Regulated Lead Acid 1.15Wet vented Nickel Cadmium 1.3, 1.35, 1.4

Valve Regulated Nickel Cadmium 1.4

L = Constant Loads supported by the battery charger

T= The time required to recharge the battery


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((Ah x R)/ T) + L = Charger Amperes

Lets give it a try..Assume 200AH wet vented lead acid batter with 150AHremoved recharge in 8 hours and a constant load of25Amps. Now that the ac has returned current needed

is to support the dc bus and recharge the battery is

150Ah x 1.15(eff) / 8H= 21.6Adc | +25(load)=46.6Adc

Current to recharge the battery | added to load current


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Temperatureemperature


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Temperatureemperature


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Altitudeltitudeltitudeltitude


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Temperature and Altitude are interrelated.Temperature and Altitude are interrelated.

As altitude increases the ambient temperatureAs altitude increases the ambient temperatureusually decreases.usually decreases.

Also as altitude increases the air moleculesAlso as altitude increases the air molecules

available to cool the batter char er decreases.available to cool the batter char er decreases.As ambient temperature increases, the chargersAs ambient temperature increases, the chargers

decrease.decrease.


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Temperature and Altitude are interrelated.Temperature and Altitude are interrelated.

Check the manufacture's suggestions. UsuallyCheck the manufacture's suggestions. Usuallythey have a chart that shows the relationshipthey have a chart that shows the relationshipbetween altitude and temperature.between altitude and temperature.

Note the relationshi s between tem erature andNote the relationshi s between tem erature andaltitude it may be acceptable to operate withoutaltitude it may be acceptable to operate withoutdede--rating by just adjusting the useful ambientrating by just adjusting the useful ambient

temperature a owance.temperature a owance.


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Did I plan for the future?Did I plan for the future?


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Should I use a lar er char er now or lan for redundanc later?Should I use a lar er char er now or lan for redundanc later?

Perhaps a complete parallel system would make sense?Perhaps a complete parallel system would make sense?

Is growth budgeted or assumed?Is growth budgeted or assumed?


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Was the batter sized for future rowth such that the char erWas the batter sized for future rowth such that the char er

calculation already takes this growth into account?calculation already takes this growth into account?Finally, just adding capacity is not good insurance if you really doFinally, just adding capacity is not good insurance if you really do

..


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If I plan my application carefully and realistically myIf I plan my application carefully and realistically mychar er, batter , and all associated e ui ment will bechar er, batter , and all associated e ui ment will beproperly sized.properly sized.

Insist on getting the facts before sizing the application.Insist on getting the facts before sizing the application.

Separate your transient loads from your constant loadsSeparate your transient loads from your constant loads

the charger does not accommodate the transient loads.the charger does not accommodate the transient loads.Use the formula! Dont assume or use a standard rule ofUse the formula! Dont assume or use a standard rule ofthumb, use engineering practices.thumb, use engineering practices.

Doing a thorough job of application engineering will result inDoing a thorough job of application engineering will result ina properly sized application that will work correctly and asa properly sized application that will work correctly and as

..

This means.This means.


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Part 4 Battery Chargers Theriault

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