Part 1 – Earth in the Universe Astr nomy. The Big Bang Video.
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Transcript of Part 1 – Earth in the Universe Astr nomy. The Big Bang Video.
![Page 1: Part 1 – Earth in the Universe Astr nomy. The Big Bang Video.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e7b5503460f94b7bfe0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Part 1 – Earth in the Universe
Astr nomy
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The Big Bang Video
![Page 3: Part 1 – Earth in the Universe Astr nomy. The Big Bang Video.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e7b5503460f94b7bfe0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• The universe started with a concentrated area of matter and energy.
• 15-20 billion years ago.
• Then, it exploded and has been expanding ever since.
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•Matter began to clump together forming stars and galaxies.
•The universe continued to expand and is still expanding today.
![Page 5: Part 1 – Earth in the Universe Astr nomy. The Big Bang Video.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e7b5503460f94b7bfe0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Our Expanding Universe Video
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Regents Question
Which celestial feature is largest in actual size?
(1) the Moon (2) the Sun(3) Jupiter (4) the Milky Way
Answer is…4
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• How do we know the universe is expanding?
• Pg. 14 in the ESRT shows the electromagnetic spectrum.
• Notice that in the visible spectrum there are all the colors of the rainbow.
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Please answer the questions on the Electromagnetic spectrum ½ sheet.
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• When looking at the visible spectrum wavelengths are shifted either to the blue end (shorter wave) or the red end (longer wave).
• This shift in wavelengths is called the Doppler Effect.
• If they are shifted towards red, they are moving away from you.
• If they are shifted toward blue, they are coming towards you.
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•When scientists look at the universe, they see a red shift. This proves it is moving away from us, thus, expanding!
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A Quick look at the Doppler Affect Using a police car
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Another look at the Doppler Affect using sound
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Light from galaxies moving awayEarth Science
Rocks
Notice the shift towards red
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Light from galaxies moving toward usEarth Science
Rocks
Notice the shift towards blue.
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• A galaxy is a collection of billions of stars and gas and dust.
• Our solar system is part of the Milky Way Galaxy.
• The Milky Way is a spiral-shaped galaxy.
![Page 18: Part 1 – Earth in the Universe Astr nomy. The Big Bang Video.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e7b5503460f94b7bfe0/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
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Regents Question
The Milky Way Galaxy is best described as
(1) elliptical
(2) circular
(3) irregular
(4) Spiral
Answer is…
4
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• A star is usually a large ball of gas held together by gravity.
• Energy is produced by nuclear fusion – combination of nuclei of smaller elements to form nuclei of larger elements.
Earth Science
Rock
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Regents Question
Which star color indicates the hottest star surface temperature?
(1) blue
(2) yellow
(3) white
(4) Red
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The good news!! This is all for free on pg. 15 of the ESRT!
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Regents Question
Which star color indicates the hottest star surface temperature?
(1) blue
(2) yellow
(3) white
(4) Red
Answer is…
1
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Regents Question
In the main sequence, compared to the surface temperature and luminosity of massive stars, the smaller stars are
(1) hotter and less luminous(2) hotter and more luminous(3) cooler and less luminous(4) cooler and more luminousAnswer is…3
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Life and Death of a Star Video Clip
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Take out ESRT- Page 15
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1.What is the most massive star on the chart?
________________________________
2. What is the temperature and luminosity of the Sun? __________________ and
________________
3. What group is a star in during a late
stage? ________________________________
DENEB
5,600 ºK
Luminosity = 1
White Dwarfs
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Page 15
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4. What is the temperature and luminosity of Betelguese? ___________________ and ___________________
5. What color would a star be if it was 15,000ºK? ________________________________
6. What group of star is Albebaran in? ________________________________Giants
Blue White
3300ºK
200,000
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Page 15
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7. What temperature and color is Proxima Centauri?
__________________ and __________________
8. Massive stars are (more / less) luminous. (Circle one)
9. Name a White Dwarf star. __________________
10. What stage are Main Sequence stars in? _______
Procyon B or Eridani B
Early
2800ºK Red
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• The solar system is the sun and all objects that orbit the sun under its gravitational influence.
• Our solar system has 1 sun and 8 planets.
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Regents Question
The Sun’s position in space is best described as the approximate center of
(1) a constellation
(2) the universe
(3) the Milky Way galaxy
(4) our solar system
Answer is…
4
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Regents QuestionCompared to Earth’s solar system,
the universe is inferred to be
(1) younger and larger (2) older and larger(3) younger and smaller (4) older and smallerAnswer is…2
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Pluto?New Chart in your ESRT…
Sorry Pluto…
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Using the data table on page 15 of your ESRT, answer the following questions. 1. What is the period of rotation of Mercury? _____________________________
2. What is a year on Mars?__________________________________________ 3. Which planet has the most eccentric orbit? ___________________________ 4. Which has the least eccentric orbit? ____________________________ 5. What is the diameter of Jupiter?__________________________ 6. What is a day on Saturn?__________________________________________
59d
687 d
Mercury
Venus
142,984 km
10 h 14 min
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7. Which planet has the longest period of rotation?__________The shortest?_________
8. Which planet is the most dense?_____________The least?____________
9. How far from the sun is Venus?__________________
10. How far from Earth is our Moon?______________________________________
11. What is the mass of Neptune ?____________________
12. What is the radius of Saturn?_______________________________
Venus Jupiter
Earth Saturn
108.2 million km
0.386 million km
4,498.3 million km
60,268 km
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Regents QuestionWhich event takes the most time?
(1) one revolution of Earth around the Sun
(2) one revolution of Venus around the Sun
(3) one rotation of the Moon on its axis
(4) one rotation of Venus on its axis
Answer is…1
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• An ellipse is an oval shape.
• Earth’s orbit around the sun is an ellipse.
• Within an ellipse, there are two fixed points called foci.
• In our solar system, the sun is ALWAYS ONE of those foci.
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•The degree of flatness or “ovalness” of an ellipse is measured by eccentricity.
•This formula is on page 1 of your ESRT!
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• The more oval the orbit is, the more eccentric it is, or the higher the eccentricity.
Increasing Eccentricity
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• Calculating Eccentricity:
X X
Major Axis
Foci 1 Foci 2
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You can make an ellipse with 2 tacks and a string. The tacks are the “foci”, and if you put them further apart, the ellipse is more “eccentric” (one tack makes a circle).
An ellipse is an example of a “conic section”. Circles and hyperbolas are others. All are possible forms for orbits.
![Page 48: Part 1 – Earth in the Universe Astr nomy. The Big Bang Video.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e7b5503460f94b7bfe0/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
• Calculating Eccentricity:
• When you measure those 2 distances and calculate them, you will NEVER get higher than 1!!
• The closer to 1 you are the MORE oval or eccentric the orbit.
• The closer to 0 you are the LESS oval or eccentric the orbit.
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Regents Question
Which planet’s orbit around the Sun is most nearly circular? (ESRT 15)
(1) Mercury
(2) Pluto
(3) Neptune
(4) Venus
Answer is…
4
No More Pluto
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• The closer 2 objects are to each other, the greater the gravitational pull between them.
• Therefore, during the perihelion – when Earth is closer to the sun, there is a greater gravitational pull between it and the sun.
• This makes the Earth speed up a bit in its orbit around the sun during that time.
![Page 51: Part 1 – Earth in the Universe Astr nomy. The Big Bang Video.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e7b5503460f94b7bfe0/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Perihelion Aphelion
Earth Science
Rocks
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What do you notice about the planets orbital velocity?
Aphelion Perihelion
Planets move quicker Planets move quicker the closer they are to the closer they are to
the Sunthe Sun
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Kepler’s Second Law
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Regents Question
Compared to Neptune, Mercury moves more rapidly in its orbit because Mercury
(1) is larger
(2) is more dense
(3) is closer to the Sun
(4) has a more elliptical orbit
Answer is…
3
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Write the formula for eccentricity below:
Calculate the eccentricity of the ellipse. Distance between foci: ______________ Length of major axis: ______________Eccentricity= ______________
X X
Page 1 of ESRT’s
length of Major Axis
Distance between foci
8.8cm
6.4cm
.72
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Calculate the eccentricity of the ellipse. Distance between foci: ______________ Length of major axis: ______________Eccentricity= ______________
X X
Length of Major Axis
Distance between foci
5.4cm
1.3cm
.24
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What is the minimum value that eccentricity can be? ________0
.99
What is the maximum value that
eccentricity can be? _______
Doesn’t a circle look like a zero????
The more eccentric the more stretched out until you get a straight line
Look the # one.
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