Part-04 (Main Body of the Report)
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Transcript of Part-04 (Main Body of the Report)
1
Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
Part-1
Organization Overview or Profile of the Organization
2
Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
1.1 Banking Scenario of Bangladesh
Before introducing the Export Import Bank Of Bangladesh Limited. would like to focus
some light upon the growth and development of our banking system since independence.
Growth and development of our banking system may be divided into three phases. The
complete government ownership and excessive government interference, absence of
prudential regulation and inadequate legal support for debt recovery.
The first phase was from 1972 to 1982. The performance of our banking system during
1972 to 1982 was commendable in respect of expanding network and providing easy
credit to the society desirable sector but equally frustrating with regard to maintaining
viability of customer service.
The second phase from 1983 to 1989 was characterized by denationalization and
privatization of banking system without broad-basing the prudential and information
regulatory framework. However, these measures of denationalization and privatization
could not bring viability and operational efficiency of the banking system.
Under the above circumstances and using the recommendation of World Bank, a
Financial Sector Reform Project (FSRP) was undertaken in 1989 by the government that
can be identified with third phase of the development of our banking system.
FSRP includes the following measures:
Gradually allowing (financial institutions to increase financial product prices
according to market forces.
Raising the loan class action standard in phases.
Improving level of the financial institutions to international standard in phases.
Improving the capital positions of Nationalized Commercial Bank (NCB's) and
Private Commercial Bank and fixing it at international standard level.
Delegating greater autonomy to banks especially in terms of selecting their loan
portfolio.
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
Strengthening the role of Bangladesh Bank in the field of supervision on
necessary action in case of any fault.
Ensuring enabling legal environment by enacting Bank Companies Act, 1991 and
Financial Loan Court Act, 1990 etc.
The government of Bangladesh has also enacted some important acts namely financial
Institutions Act, 1993, Securities and Exchange Commission Act, 1993, The Companies
Act, 1994 and recently Bankruptcy Act, 1007.
These reform measures have been aimed at imposing financial discipline on the banks in
the short run and making the banks to operate increasingly on the basis of market forces
so as to achieve operational efficiency.
The commercial banking system dominates Bangladesh's financial sector. Bangladesh
Bank is the Central Bank of Bangladesh and the chief regulatory authority in the sector.
The banking system is composed of four state-owned commercial banks, five specialized
development banks, thirty private commercial Banks and nine foreign commercial banks.
The Nobel-prize winning Grameen Bank is a specialized micro-finance institution, which
revolutionized the concept of micro-credit and contributed greatly towards poverty
reduction and the empowerment of women in Bangladesh.
1.1.1 Central Bank Central Bank of Bangladesh is named as Bangladesh Bank (BB). Pursuant to Bangladesh
Bank Order, 1972 the Government of Bangladesh reorganized the Dhaka branch of the
State Bank of Pakistan as the central bank of the country, and named it Bangladesh Bank
with retrospective effect from 16 December 1971.
1.1.2 Nationalized Commercial BanksThe banking system of Bangladesh is dominated by the 3 Nationalized Commercial
Banks , which together controlled more than 54% of deposits and operated 3388 branches
(54% of the total) as of December 31, 2004.[1] The nationalized commercial banks are:
a) Bangladesh Krishi Bank
b) Sonali Bank
c) Janata Bank
d) Rupali Bank
e) Karmosangsthan Bank
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
1.1.3 Private Commercial BanksPrivate Banks are the highest growth sector due to the dismal performances of
government banks (above). They tend to offer better service and products.
Agrani Bank Limited]
BRAC Bank Limited
Eastern Bank Limited
Dutch Bangla Bank Limited
Dhaka Bank Limited
Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd
Pubali Bank Limited
Uttara Bank Limited
IFIC Bank Limited
National Bank Limited
The City Bank Limited
United Commercial Bank Limited
NCC Bank Limited
Prime Bank Limited
SouthEast Bank Limited
Al-Arafah Islami Bank Limited
Social Islami Bank Limited
Standard Bank Limited
One Bank Limited
Exim Bank Limited
Mercantile Bank Limited
Bangladesh Commerce Bank
Limited
Mutual Trust Bank Limited
First Security Islami Bank
Limited
The Premier Bank Limited
Bank Asia Limited
Trust Bank Limited
Shahjalal Islami Bank Limited
Jamuna Bank Limited
ICB Islami Bank
AB Bank Limited
BASIC Bank Limited
1.1.4 Foreign Commercial Banks
Citibank
HSBC
Standard Chartered Bank
Commercial Bank of Ceylon
State Bank of India
Habib Bank
National Bank of Pakistan
Woori Bank
Bank Al falah
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
1.1.5 Specialized Development Banks
Out of the specialized banks, two (Bangladesh Krishi Bank and Rajshahi Krishi Unnayan
Bank) were created to meet the credit needs of the agricultural sector while the other two
( Bangladesh Shilpa Bank (BSB) & Bangladesh Shilpa Rin Sangtha (BSRS) are for
extending term loans to the industrial sector. The Specialized banks are:
Grameen Bank
Bangladesh Krishi Bank
Bangladesh Development Bank
Ltd
Rajshahi Krishi Unnayan Bank
BASIC Bank Limited
Bangladesh Somobay Bank
Limited
Ansar VDP Unnyan
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
1.2 Historical Background of EXIM Bank Limited
Export Import Bank of Bangladesh Limited was established in the year 1999 under the
leadership of Late Mr. Shahjahan Kabir, Founder Chairman who had a long dream of floating a
commercial bank which would contribute to the socio-economic development of our country. He
had a long experience as a good banker. A group of highly qualified and successful entrepreneurs
joined their hands with the founder chairman to materialize his dream. Indeed, all of them proved
themselves in their respective business as most successful star with their endeavor, intelligence,
hard working and talent entrepreneurship. Among them, Mr. Nazrul Islam Mazumder who is an
illuminated business tycon in the Garments business in Bangladesh became the Honorable
Chairman after the demise of the honorable founder chairman. He is also the chairman of
Bangladesh Association of Banks (BAB). Under his leadership, BAB has emerged as an
effective forum for exchanging views on problems being faced by the banking sector of
Bangladesh and for formulating common policy guidelines in addressing such problems.
This Bank starts functioning from 3rd August, 1999 with its name as Bengal Export Import Bank
Limited. On 16th November 1999, it was renamed as Export Import Bank of Bangladesh Limited
with Mr. Alamgir Kabir as the Founder Advisor and Mr. Mohammad Lakiotullah as the Founder
Managing Director respectively. Both of them have long experience in the financial sector of our
country. By their pragmatic decision and management directives in the operational activities, this
bank has earned a secured and distinctive position in the banking industry in terms of
performance, growth, and excellent management. Under the leadership of Mr. Lakiotullah, the
Bank has migrated all of its conventional banking operation into Shariah Based Islami Banking
in the year July 2004.
In the year 2006, Mr. Kazi Masihur Rahman became the Managing Director of the bank when
Mr. Lakiotullah left the bank after completion of his successful 7 years as MD. Mr. Kazi served
in the bank for next five years. Under his leadership, the bank has been placed on a state of the
art centralized IT platform with two modern data centers where world renowned core banking
software TEMENOS T24 is running along with some alternate delivery channels like ATMs and
SMS banking.
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
In 25th August, 2011, Mr. Md. Fariduddin Ahmed has joined in the bank as Managing Director.
With his long experience in the Shariah Based Islami banking in Bangladesh, EXIM Bank is
going to take a new shape where IT-enable banking service will spread in the market.
1.3 Vision of EXIM Bank Limited
The gist of their vision is ‘Together Towards Tomorrow’. Export Import Bank of Bangladesh
Limited believes in togetherness with its customers, in its march on the road to growth and
progress with service. To achieve the desired goal, there will be pursuit of excellence at all stages
with climate of continuous improvement, because, in Exim Bank, They believe, that the line of
excellence is never ending. Bank’s strategic plans and networking will strengthen is competitive
edge over others in rapidly changing competitive environment. Its personalized quality services
to the customers with trend of constant improvement will be the cornerstone to achieve their
operational success.
1.4 Mission of EXIM Bank Limited
The Bank’s mission gives emphasis to:
Provide quality financial services especially in Foreign Trade
Continue a contemporary technology based professional banking environment
Maintain corporate & business ethics and transparency at all levels
Sound Capital Base
Ensure sustainable growth and establish full value to the honorable stakeholders
Fulfill its social commitments and
Above all, to add positive contribution to the national economy.
1.5 Corporate Culture of EXIM Bank Limited
During the last two decades Corporate Culture has become an important theme in business as an
intangible concept which clearly plays a meaningful role in corporations, affecting employees
and organizational operations. It is not the only determinant of business success or failure, a
positive culture can be a significant competitive advantage over organizations with which a firm
competes. EXIM Bank Limited, as an amenable bank, believe if the employees identify with the
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
culture, the work environment tends to be more enjoyable, which boosts morale and leads to
increased levels of teamwork, sharing of information, and openness to new ideas.
1.6 Shahriah Council of EXIM Bank Limited
The Board of directors has formed a Shahriah Supervisory Board for the Bank. Their duty is to
monitor the entire Bank's transactional procedures, & assuring its Shahriah compliancy. This
Board consists of the following members headed by its Chairman: The tasks of the Shahriah
supervisor in summary is replying to queries of the Bank's administration, staff members,
shareholders, depositors, & customers, follow up with the Shahriah auditors and provide them
with guidance, submitting reports & remarks to the Fatwa & Shahriah Supervision Board and the
administration, participating in the Bank's training programs, participating in the supervision
over the Allqtisad AHslami magazine, & handling the duty of being the General Secretary of the
Board.
1.6.1 Shahriah Auditing:
This is the civil supervisory aspect that shapes the Bank's main feature. It's existence is part of
the Shahriah Supervision procedures. One of it's main task is to check the Shahriah compliancy
in the Bank's transactional procedures in accordance to the Fatwas issued in that regard, under
the guidance of the Shahriah Supervisor. The Shahriah auditor is assigned the task of revising the
Bank's transactional procedures throughout the year to check the extent to which the staff
members and the different departments have abided by the regulations, advices, and Fatwas
issued by the Fatwa & Shahriah Supervision Board, forums, & banking conferences. As well as,
assuring that all the contracts that states a right for the Bank or an obligation on the Bank is
certified by the Fatwa & Shahriah Supervision Board. Moreover, the Shahriah Auditing submits
periodic reports to the Shahriah Supervisor in order to be proposed to the Fatwa & Shahriah
Supervision Board to state what it finds appropriate in that regard.
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
1.6.2 Banking with Shahriah principles:
Export Import Bank of Bangladesh Limited is the 1st bank in Bangladesh who has converted all
of its operations of conventional banking into Shahriah-based banking since July/2004. We offer
banking services for Muslims and non-Muslims alike allowing our customers choice and
flexibility in their savings and investments. Our products are approved by our Shahriah Board
comprising of veteran Muslim scholars of our country who are expert in all matters of Islamic
finance. The process by which Noriba's investments are designed and executed allows the Bank
to offer a combination of Shahriah compliance and capital markets expertise that is unique
throughout the world. Noriba is committed to the strict adherence to the requirements of the
Shahriah as a result of the Bank's sole focus on Shahriah-compliant investments Shahriah Board.
Noriba experts specifically design each of the Bank's investment vehicles with the approval of
the Noriba Shahriah Board. Once the given product or transaction has been arranged, the Noriba
Shahriah Board carefully screens it for compliance before giving final approval for its
implementation. This control mechanism guarantees that all aspects of Noriba's final products
and banking transactions are in adherence with the guidelines of the Shahriah.
1.7 Prime Operational Area of EXIM Bank Limited
As a full-fledged Islamic bank in Bangladesh, EXIM Bank extended all Islamic banking services
including wide range of saving and investment products, foreign exchange and ancillary services
with the support of sophisticated IT and professional management. The investment portfolio of
the bank comprises of diversified areas of business and industry sectors. The sectors include
textiles, edible oil, ready-made garments, chemicals, cement, telecom, steel, real estate and other
service industry including general trade finance. The bank has given utmost importance to
acquire quality assets and is committed to retain good customers through customer relationship
management and financial counseling. At the same time efforts have been made to
explore/induct new clients having good potentiality to diversify and create a well established
structured investment portfolio and to minimize overall portfolio risk.
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
1.8 Corporate Social Responsibilities of EXIM Bank Limited
At least 2% of our annual profit of every year is put aside for the foundation to conduct
Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) activities. The mainstream CSR activities that are
carried out through this foundation are:
Healthcare service
Scholarship program for brilliant poor student
Education Promotion Scheme (Interest free loan)
Helping people affected by natural calamities
Helping people in slum areas
Donation to educational institutions to setup computer lab
Beautification of Dhaka City
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
1.9 Organizational Structure of EXIM Bank Limited
CHAIRMAN
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
MANAGING DIRECTOR
DEPUTY MANAGING DIRECTOR
VICE PRESIDENT
SENIOR ASSISTANT VICE
ASSISTANT VICE PRESIDENT
SENIOR PRINCIPAL
PRINCIPAL
EXECUTIVE OFFICER
OFFICER
PROBITIONARY
JUNIOR OFFICER
ASSISTANT OFFICER
TRAINEE ASSISTANT
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
1.10 Awards & Achievement Of EXIM Bank Limited
1.10.1 First private sector bank to open exchange house in UK
In order to ensure delivery of smooth and most reliable remittance services to NRBs living and
working in UK, Export Import Bank of Bangladesh Limited (EXIM Bank) has started operation
of its wholly owned subsidiary “EXIM Exchange Company (UK) Ltd”. On 30th June 2009 in
London, United Kingdom, one of the oldest destinations for the expatriate Bangladeshis. It is the
first exchange house owned by a Bangladeshi private bank. Bangladesh Bank Governor Dr.
Atiur Rahman inaugurated the exchange house as the Chief Guest, while H.E. Dr. M. Sayeedur
Rahman Khan, Honorable High Commissioner, Government of the People's Republic of
Bangladesh, was present in the program as special guest. Chairman of EXIM Bank and Director
of EXIM Exchange Company (UK) Ltd. Mr. Md Nazrul Islam Mazumder presided over the
program. Deputy High Commissioner Mr. Allamah Siddique, Director of EXIM Bank Mr.
Muhammed Nurul Fazal Bulbul, Mrs Nasrin Islam, Mr. Abdullah-Al-Zahir Swapan, Mr. Md.
Shahidullah, Managing Director of EXIM Bank Mr. Kazi Masihur Rahman and local elites were
also present in the opening ceremony. With the opening of EXIM Exchange the Bangladeshi
expatriates will now be able to send remittances to their family members back home within
shortest possible time through online transfer to all the branches of EXIM Bank. EXIM
Exchange Company (UK) Ltd is located at the Universal House of Wentworth Street London
which is a very convenient location for the Bangladeshi community and business houses. Unlike
any other exchange company operating in UK, as EXIM Exchange is completely owned and
supervised by EXIM Bank under the approval of Bangladesh Bank and UK regulators, it is
expected to be the most reliable and trusted Exchange House for the NRBs.
1.10.2 Implementation of the world renowned Core Banking Software (TEMENOS
T24)
In order to provide IT enabled products and services to our valued customers, bank has
implemented a world renowned shariah based centralized core banking software named
TEMENOS T24. This software is capable enough to provide all sorts of electronic banking
services to the valued customers through various electronic delivery channels.
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
1.10.3 C onversion from Conventional Banking to Shariah Based Islami Banking
It is a great pleasure that by the grace of Almighty Allah, we have migrated at a time all the
branches from its conventional banking operation into Shariah based Islami banking operation
without any trouble. Lot of uncertainties and adversities were there into this migration process.
The officers and executives of our bank motivated the valued customers by counseling and
persuasion in light with the spirit of Islam especially for the non-Muslim customers. Our IT
division has done the excellent job of converting and fitting the conventional business processes
into the processes based on Shariah. It has been made possible by following a systematic
procedure of migration under the leadership of honorable Managing Director.
1.11 The Activities of EXIM Bank Foundation
Corporate Social Responsibility is becoming an increasingly important activity to business in our
country as well as other countries around the globe. Many of the corporations have progressively
recognized the benefits of providing CSR programs in their various locations. In recent years
CSR has become a fundamental business practice and has gained much attention from all the
concerned of large companies of our country. EXIM Bank believes that a strong CSR program is
an essential element in achieving good business practices and effective leadership. An
organization’s impact on the economic, social and environmental landscape directly affects their
relationships with its stakeholders, in particular investors, employees, customers, business
partners, government and communities. The country’s long-standing traditions of respect for
family and social networks and high value placed on relationships, social stability and education
are well revered by EXIM Bank.
EXIM Bank believes in togetherness with its entire stakeholder in a broader inclusive sense to
the endless pursuit of glory and success. Since inception in 1999, the term “social responsibility”
is much more emphasized than the term ‘profit maximizing ’. EXIM Bank always proceeds with
resilient support to lessen the desolation of the underprivileged and distressed sector of the
country. In this connection, EXIM Bank has established EXIM Bank Foundation in the year
2006 to carry out CSR activities in the most planned and orderly manner.
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
1.11.1 Education – the inheritance of humanity:
EXIM Bank resolutely believes that education is the inheritance of humanity. None should block
its spread, as it blocks progress and prosperity particularly for the poor of the country. We would
like to say that education is the core factor that can bring about most of the positive changes at its
stratum and leave an endless effect to stimulate further changes automatically. Our nation will be
built up on the principles of equity and democracy in true sense if, adequate education can be
ensured to the underprivileged sector. Therefore, the aim of EXIM Bank to patronize education,
thus building up an embryonic and prosperous nation.
Two of our most successful endeavors are EXIM Bank Scholarship Programme, a stipend
package for poor and meritorious students that takes care of the beneficiaries throughout their
student life, and Education Promotion Scheme, a profit free investment Quard - al - hasanah
scheme for insolvent and meritorious students.
EXIM Bank Scholarship Program, launched in 2006 with 61 poor and meritorious students
selected from different reputed educational institutions of Dhaka City including Govt.
Laboratory High School, Viqarunnissa Noon School and College, Dhaka University, BUET,
Dhaka Medical College, etc. Now, stands for 1500 students from around 269 reputed educational
institutions across the country on 31st December 2010. The students, who are enrolled in the this
program , will be taken care of for their whole educational life subject fulfillment of the
eligibility criteria that include satisfactory academic results, non - involvement in student
politics, financial insolvency etc. A good deal of money has been disbursed as scholarship under
this program. Moreover, EXIM Bank Foundation is going to enroll another 500 new students
from reputed universities and university colleges around the country within May, 2011.
Under Education Promotion Scheme, Quard or interest- free loan is provided for poor and
meritorious students to help those bear monthly educational expenditure including academic
expenses, food, accommodation, etc. The Quard is disbursed to the selected students in monthly
installments till their accomplishing the master degree. Under this program the students are
required to repay the amount (only the principal amount) in long - term monthly installments
after they have joined a confirmed job accomplishing their education properly. By 31st
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
December 2010, 178 poor and meritorious students from a number of reputed educational
institutions like Dhaka University, Chittagong University, Dhaka Medical College, BUET,
Bangladesh Agricultural University, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology etc. are
enrolled to be taken care of their graduate and post- graduate level of education.
A good deal of our charity is done for developing infra -structure of educational institutions,
hospitals, etc. or providing equipments for them. EXIM Bank sponsors different seminars,
conferences or convocation program s of universities as well. EXIM Bank is going to establish a
very high profile university soon for the meritorious but underprivileged students.
1.11.2 Side - by - side with the distressed
A vital area we are dealing with is helping people to survive natural calamities. Under this
welfare program, EXIM Bank provides relief in cash and kind for flood, fire or cyclone victims
and cold -stricken people. The aim of these CSR activities is to help the target group overcome
their provisional handicap and contribute to the socio- economic growth as soon as possible.
Besides natural calamities, fire breaks out sometimes in slum areas that guts the shanties and
renders the affected people totally helpless. In that situation, the Bank helps the victims fight
against the hard days until return to normal life.
1.11.3 Beautiful City - Safe City
In response to the call of the Dhaka City Corporation, EXIM Bank has been sharing a good
portion of the mammoth task of beautifying the capital since 2005. To make the capital a modern
city enriched with adequate urban amenities, EXIM Bank always joins hands with the
government.
EXIM Bank has donated to build a foot over bridge at Paribagh near Shahbagh crossing named
“Tanzila Sarah Foot- over Bridge”. It is a reflection of the Bank to make the city more safe
through building such foot over bridge which is now a big help to the passers-by while crossing
the busy road.
Besides, a good share of fund goes to the charity organizations working for the betterment of the
socio- economic condition of the people as well.
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
1.11.4 EXIM Bank Hospital
By the grace of Almighty Allah, EXIM Bank Hospital has commenced its journey from 8th May,
2010. It is a reflection of the commitment of the Bank towards the nation especially providing
access to health care facilities for poor people. Since inception of the Hospital, our collective
effort is going on to bring about the best from such a new establishment considering all related
issues. We have already appointed a good number of experienced and skilled personnel headed
by a Resident Director in the hospital. As time moves on, number of patient is increasing day by
day due to endless effort, care and positive attitude of the professionals in every sector. At
present the 24 hours service units of the hospital are Pathology, Radiology & Imaging,
Pharmacy, Emergency, Medicine, Dentistry, Surgery, ENT, Child & Maternity Care, etc.
1.11.5 Other Activities
EXIM Bank is always prompt to stand beside the helpless. The Dhaka Pilkhana carnage in 2009
rendered a good number of families helpless in absence of their sole guardians. EXIM Bank
immediately took over the living cost of eight of the families and will continue to bear their
living and other expenses at a decent standard primarily for ten long years at a stretch.
EXIM Bank has profound homage to the initiatives taken by the Govt. for upholding the spirit of
our great liberation war and the fearless freedom fighters. In this respect the bank has donated to
“Muktijuddho Jadughar Nirman ”& “Jatir Janak Bangga Bandhu SMR Memorial Trust ”fund.
EXIM Bank believes concerted efforts by the corporate bodies to promote education, generate
self-employment, alleviate poverty, develop infra-structure, patronize research works etc. from
charity consideration will have a nation building effe
17
Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
1.12 Board of Directors of EXIM Bank Limited
Designation Name
Chairman Mr. Md. Nazrul Islam Mazumder
Vice Chairman Mr. Md. Abdul Mannan
Director (1) Mr. Md. Nazrul Islam Swapan
Director (2) Mr. Mohammad Abdullah
Director (3) Mr. Md. Altaf Hossain
Director (4) Mrs. Nasreen Islam
Director (5) Mr. Mohammed Shahidullah
Director (6) Mr. A.K.M. Nurul Fazal
Director (7) Al-haj Md. Nurul Amin
Director (8) Mr. Mohammad Omar Farooque Bhuiyan
Director (9) Mr. Abdullah Al-Zahir (Shapan)
Director (10) Mr. Md. Fahim Zaman Pathan
Director (11) Mrs. Nasima Akhter
Director (12) Mr. Zubayer Kabir
Director (13) Mr. Md. Habib Ullah Dawn
Director (14) Mr. Anjan Kumar Saha
Director (15) Mrs. Rizwana K. Riza
Director (16) Major Khandaker Nurul Afser (Retd.)
Director (17) Lt. Col. (Retd) Serajul Islam BP (BAR)
Director (18) Ranjan Chowdhury
Director (19) Md. Fakhrul Islam Mazumder
Director (20) Khandakar Mohammed Saiful Alam
Director (21) Mr. Muhammad Sekandar Khan
Managing Director Mr. Md. Fariduddin Ahmed
1.13 Products & Services of EXIM Bank Limited
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
1.13.1 Deposit Scheme
EXIM Bank has introduced the following schemes:
Mudaraba Deposit Account.
Mudaraba Saving Scheme-Money Grower
Mudaraba Income Scheme-Steady Money
Mudaraba Super Savings-Double in 6 Years.
Mudaraba Multiple Savings-More than Triple in 10 Years.
Mudaraba Education Savings-For Higher Education
Mudaraba Hajj Prokalpa.
Mudaraba CREDIT CARDS
Foreign Currency Deposit A/C.
1.13.2 Investment scheme
Corporate Finance
Commercial finance
Industrial finance
Project finance
Lease finance
Syndicate finance
Hire purchase finance
Real Estate finance
1.14 SWOT Analysis of EXIM Bank Limited
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
A SWOT analysis has been conducted for Export Import Bank of Bangladesh Ltd. This
investigation summarises the key issues from the business environment and the strategic
capability of EXIM bank Ltd, that are most likely to impact on strategy development.
STRENGTHS
Earned good reputation among customers and regulators within a very short period.
Has grown quite rapidly in all spheres of banking services.
Gives relatively higher return on deposits in saving schemes than other banks.
Lending rate is relatively competitive.
Makes it lending decision with utmost prudence and has a very low level of bad and
doubtful loans.
Service charges are comparatively reasonable.
WEAKNESSES
Limited advertising and publicity of bank's products and activities.
Does not provide proper customer care compared to competitor.
Lacks experienced competent as well as proficient manpower in some departments.
OPPORTUNITIES
Growth of global economy and Bangladesh's foreign trade in the coming years can
provide huge growth opportunities.
Small & Medium Enterprise (SME) and retail banking can provide good opportunity for
growth.
Online banking facilities can make the operation of the bank more efficient.
Expansion of banking services into other different services.
THREATS
The macroeconomic situation of the country can deteriorate.
Government has been controlling industrial credit.
The depreciation of Taka against US dollar is a great threat to foreign exchange
transaction and profitability.
Intensification of competition in the industry.
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
Part-2 (Chapter#01)
Introduction To The Report/Study
21
Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
2.1.1 Rational of the Study
There are several questions which have arise to my mind when I preferred this topic to working
on to complete my internship report regarding the Investment Program of Exim Bank Limited. In
today’s modern and globalization world business sector is competitive. It is more competitive in
the financial institution like bank. Now-a-days local banks are playing a key role for economic
growth and development of the country. As it is the question of every concerned people that
what the difference between conventional banking & Islamic banking is and as the Islamic
banking are spreading day by day in Bangladesh it is rationale to conduct the study. Islamic
banks can provide efficient banking services to the nation if they are supported with appropriate
banking laws & regulations. I am proposing this study because I want to inform the peoples of
our country about the different procedures & laws about the domestic investment sector of any
private bank. As I am working in Exim Bank Limited so I’ll try my level best to give different
information about the Investment Program of this bank. I think this study is very much important
in our day to day life because many peoples of our country wants to take loan from banks &
banks also want to give loan as a part of their investment which will help us in many ways. But
many peoples of our country don’t know the procedures of taking loan from bank so I think my
study will help us to know about this systems as well as the condition & it will also help me to
know the systems deeply & getting loan for my business in future it will help me a lot. It will
also help my university especially the Faculty of Business Administration. If my university
wants to take loan from bank then it will become very easy for them to know the systems,
necessary documents as well as the benefit. As we know that the Exim Bank Limited is one of
the leading Banks in Bangladesh. The report will also covers the organizational structure,
background, functions and the performance of the bank.
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
2.1.2 Statements of the Problems
There are several questions which have arise to my mind when I preferred this topic to working
on to complete my internship report regarding the Investment Program of Exim Bank Limited.
From my study we will know that what is investment, what is the present & past situation of
domestic investment in Bangladesh? We will also know the basic characteristics, policies,
procedures, and other historical scenarios regarding the Investment Program of Exim Bank
Limited and also in respect of government of Bangladesh and related Banking Authorities & also
what is actually going on at the investment department of Exim Bank Limited regarding the
Investment Program. Is the present situation of investment of Bangladesh is good or bad, if bad
than what are the reasons behind this situation. We will also know that what could be the
financial and other losses occurred by Investment in Exim Bank Limited & also some
recommendation from my point of view.
2.1.3 Scope & Delimitation of the Study
Everything has got some scope and limitation. The scope & delimitation of my study are given
below:
Scopes:
Investment Division and its Investment banking activities are the prospective topic.
Data needed for the interpretation is much easier to access on respect of other commercial
banking business related issues.
Supervisors in the workplace are very helpful in case of data collection and interpretation.
Very realistic problems and questions can be arise from the regarding topic related issues
and very helpful for the future career illumination
Limitations:
Time is the first limitation as the duration of the program.
The main limitation is to conduct interview on some top level decision makers as they are
less interested to share their strategies and also they have very busy schedules.
Unavailability of sufficient written documents of Foreign Exchange division as required
making a comprehensive study.
23
Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
Another limitation of this report is Bank's policy of not disclosing some data and
information for obvious reason, which could be very much useful.
2.1.4 Objectives of the Study
The objective of the study may be viewed as:
Broad Objective
To acquire knowledge about Investment Banking and its practical concerns in Exim Bank
Limited.
Specific Objectives
To know elaborately about the condition of Investment Program in Bangladesh.
To discuss the Investment services offered by Exim Bank Limited
To know different Governmental and Bank policies, terms and conditions regarding the
Investment Program.
To plot a SWOT Analysis of the Investment division of Exim Bank Limited on respect of
the market condition.
To know about the Documentation process of Investment Program
To analyze the overall data and information regarding performing and non-performing
Investment Program segments in Exim Bank Limited.
24
Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
Part-2 (Chapter#02)
Review of Related Literature
25
Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
2.2.1 Introduction
Investment is one of the most significant departments in the EXIM BANK LIMITED. In modern
banking system, where interest is available called Credit Department Investment department is
performing a vital role by financing the various sectors in the economy, expressing the close and
intensive supervision of the project to ensure satisfactory performance of the economy.
Investment decision is one of the most important decisions that have to make by the management
of the bank. A big portion of Commercial bank comes from investment. The Bank, there are an
investment committee. They shall perform and be responsible for the following.
To check daily deposit, investment and other advance of the bank and find out lend able
surplus fund and invest in call market or in short term hounds as decided
To check cash reserve requirement and till requirement to meet customers need.
To check statutory liquidity reserve (Secondary Reserve) position and its investment on
the basis of maturities allowable on investment policy of the bank.
To check balance needed to meet claims with foreign correspondents.
The committee shall continuously study market and examine existing portfolio of investment and
make switches for consideration of liquidity and profitability.
2.2.2 Policy for Rescheduling Of Loans
Experience shows that the existing system of loan rescheduling has created impediments in
the way of realizing defaulted loans. Specially, a tendency has been observed among the
defaulted borrowers to avail the opportunity of loan rescheduling again and again without any
definite business rationale. Some confusions have also cropped up relating to the condition of
cash deposit as down payment for loan rescheduling. After careful and overall review of the
aforesaid problems and in suppression of all previous instructions25 the following detailed
policies for rescheduling of loans are being issued for compliance by banks:
Guidelines for Consideration of Loan Rescheduling Applications:
While considering loan rescheduling application the banks shall follow the under
mentioned guidelines:
When a borrower asks for rescheduling of loans the banks shall examine the causes as to
26
Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
Why the loan has become non-performing. If it is found from such review that the borrower has
Diverted the funds elsewhere or the borrower is a habitual loan defaulter the bank shall not
consider the application for loan rescheduling. Instead, the bank shall take/continue all legal
steps for recovery of the loans. At the time of considering loan rescheduling proposal bank must
assess the borrower's overall repayment capacity taking into account the borrower's liability
position with other banks. In order to ensure whether the borrower would be able to repay the
rescheduled installments/existing liability the bank shall review the borrower's cash flow
statement, audited balance sheet, income statement and other financial statements. Bank officers
should ensure, if required, by spot inspection of the borrower's company/business place, that the
concerned company/business enterprise will be able to generate surplus to repay the rescheduled
liability. Such inspection reports should be preserved by the banks. If a bank is satisfied after due
diligence mentioned above that the borrower will be able to repay, the loan may be rescheduled.
Otherwise, bank shall take all legal steps to realize the loan, make necessary provision and take
measures to write-off. The rescheduling shall be for a minimum reasonable period of time. At the
time of placing the rescheduling proposal before the Board of Directors the Bank shall apprise
the Board in details, what would be implications of such loan rescheduling on the income and
other areas of the bank.
Rescheduling of Term Loans:
The loans which are repayable within a specific time period under a prescribed repayment
schedule are treated as Term Loans. For rescheduling such loans following policies shall,
henceforth, be followed:
Application for first rescheduling will be considered only after cash payment of at least
15% of the overdue installments or 10% of the total outstanding amount of loan, whichever, is
less; Rescheduling application for the second time will be considered after cash payment of
minimum 30% of the overdue installments or 20% of the total outstanding amount of loan,
whichever, is less; Application for rescheduling for more than two times will be considered after
cash payment of minimum 50% of the overdue installments or 30% of the total outstanding
amount of loan, whichever is less; Explanation: If any loan is rescheduled once before issuance
of this policy the conditions set forth in this circular for second rescheduling shall be applicable
27
Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
for rescheduling of such loans. Likewise, the terms for 3rd rescheduling as per this circular shall
be applicable for rescheduling of any loan which has already been rescheduled twice.
2.2.3 Policy for Loan Write Off
In course of conducting credit operations by banks the quality of a portion of their loan portfolio,
in many cases, deteriorates and uncertainty arises in realizing such loans and advances. These
loans are adversely classified as per existing rules and necessary provision has to be made
against such loans. Writing off bad loans having adequate provision is an internationally
accepted normal phenomenon in banking business. Owing to the reluctance of banks in
Bangladesh in resorting to this system their balance sheets are becoming unnecessarily and
artificially inflated. In order to avoid possible legal complications in retaining the claims of the
banks over the loans written off section 28 ka has been incorporated in 2001 in the Bank
Company Act, 1991. In this context the following policies for writing off loans are being issued
for compliance by banks: Banks may, at any time, write off loans classified as bad/loss. Those
loans which have been classified as bad/loss for the last five years and for which 100%
provisions have been kept should be written off without delay. After issuance of this circular the
process of writing off all other loans classified as bad/loss should be started immediately. Under
the process the oldest bad/loss classified loans should be considered first for written off. Banks
may write off loans by debit to their current year's income account where 100% provision kept is
not found adequate for writing off such loans. All out efforts should be continued for realizing
written off loans. Cases must be filed in the court of law before writing off any loan for which no
legal action has been initiated earlier. A separate "Debt Collection Unit" should be set up in the
bank for recovery of written off loans. In order to accelerate the settlement of law suits filed
against the written off loans or to realize the receivable written off loans any agency outside the
bank can be engaged. A separate ledger must be maintained for written off loans and in the
Annual Report/Balance Sheet of banks there must be a separate "notes to the accounts"
containing amount of cumulative and current year's loan written off. Inspite of writing off the
loans the concerned borrower shall be identified as defaulter as usual. Like other loans and
advances, the writing off loans and advances shall be reported to the Credit Information Bureau
(CIB) of Bangladesh Bank. Prior approval of Bangladesh Bank shall have to obtained in case of
writing off loans sanctioned to the director or ex-director of the bank or loans sanctioned during
28
Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
the tenure of his directorship in the bank to the enterprise in which the concerned director has
interest (as per explanation contained in section 27(2) of the Bank Company Act, 1991).
2.2.4 Importance of Documentation
Completion of required documentation formalities as per approved sanction letter before
disbursement of a loan is necessary to protect the interest of the bank from any distress situation
and also necessary for acknowledgement of the debt by the borrower. Correct documentation
enables the banker to take legal recourse against the defaulting borrowers. The bankers deal with
other people’s money which are repayable on demand. Naturally, the banker’s prime
consideration is the safety and liquidity of their depositor’s money. In case of the borrower’s
inability to repay the loan the banker must have some alternative tangible assets of the borrower
to fall back upon to recover the loan. The banker, therefore, tries to create some sort of a charge
on any other assets of the borrower in his favor. Such charge makes the asset charged available
to the banker when needed in satisfaction of the advances made to him. Herein lies the role and
importance played by different types of securities in loans and advances of a Bank.
TYPES OF DOCUMENTS:
Documents related to securing loans and advances are classified into the following two
categories (a) Charge Documents, and (b) Legal Documents:
Charge documents are pre-formatted and printed forms provided by the Bank to the
client for execution to create charge on the securities against loans and advances.
Legal Documents are legal papers provided by the client certifying the legal status of the
borrower, borrowing power, title to goods and property, legal deeds and power of
attorney related to creation of charge on securities.
PARTS OF DOCUMENTATION:
Apparently there are three parts in documentation, namely:
Obtaining instruments/Documents.
Stamping.
Execution and Registration.
29
Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
EXECUTION OF DOCUMENTS:
Documents to be executed (signed) by the parties concerned competent to do so either in official
capacity or in personal capacity as the case may be. In some cases such documents are required
to be executed in presence of witness.
The following precautions are to be taken at the time of execution of documents:
Documents to be filled in and are executed in the presence of the Manager or an
authorized officer of the Bank. He must put his initial in pencil so that in future it can be
ascertained in whose presence the documents were executed. He may have to depose in a
Court in future.
The client should sign in accordance with the specimen signature recorded with the Bank.
If documents consist of more than one page, all the pages are to be signed by the
executants at the end of the form and also at the end of the schedule of securities.
Mention of date and place of execution in a document is mandatory.
All documents must be duly filled-in before execution. Documents should not be kept
blank except one extra set of Promissory Note and Letter of Continuity.
There should not be any cutting, overwriting, insertion, cancellation, or alteration in any
document. If any such thing happens, it is to be authenticated by all the executants under
their recorded signatures.
After execution / Registration of documents, these should be entered into the Register
(Safe custody Register for Loan Documents) duly scrutinized and initialed by an
authorized officer of the Bank.
Loan Disbursement of Credit facility should not be allowed before completion of
documentation formalities.
30
Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
Part-2 (Chapter#03)
Methodology of the study
31
Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
2.3.1 Methodology of This Study
To carry out the study both primary and secondary data will be used. Which are given as
following;
Primary Sources
Desk job on relevant topic at Export Import Bank Of Bangladesh Limited, Narayangonj
Branch
Face to face conversation with the employees
Appointment with the top official’s members of the Bank.
Secondary Sources
Internal Sources:
Bank’s Annual Report
The investment division of Exim Bank Limited, Narayangonj Branch and employ activity
policy
Different circulars, manuals and files of the bank;
The database of the investment division of Exim Bank Limited.
External Sources:
Different books and periodicals related to the Investment banking sector.
Online journals
Different websites
32
Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
Part-2 (Chapter#04)
Analysis & Interpretation of Data
33
Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
Export Import Bank of Bangladesh Limited
Narayangonj Branch
2.4.1 EXIM Bank Narayangonj Branch at a Glance:
Branch Overview
34
Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
Item 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Total
Deposits
169256325.27 296323216.30 322658965.69 386256971.3
2
462532369.25
Total advance 210325632.96 326992309.78 453649187.97 485632698.2
4
565142397.20
Demand
deposit
112239622.37 235867886.53 298040401.14 303652369.2
9
400958632.36
Time deposit 136698523.24 239689502.35 283261636.71 306325698.0
2
409356852.31
Profit 56369856.26 98325698 112899367.60 116236987.3
5
130397586.84
Investment 39000000 59000000 95000000 139000000 153000000
2006 2007 2008 2009 20100
100000000200000000300000000400000000500000000
169256325.27
296323216.3322658965.69386256971.32
462532369.25
Total Deposits of EXIM Bank Limited (Narayangonj Branch From Year 2006 to
2010)
Taka In Amout
From The graph it can be said that the total number of deposits is increasing every year in EXIM
Bank Limited at Narayangonj Branch.
35
Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
56369856.26
98325698
112899367.6 116236987.35
130397586.84
Total Profit of EXIM Bank Narayangonj Branch From Year 2006 to 2010
Taka In Amount
From The graph it can be said that the profit is increasing day by day in EXIM Bank Limited at
Narayangonj Branch which proves a very good situation of this branch.
2006 2007 2008 2009 20100
20000000
40000000
60000000
80000000
100000000
120000000
140000000
160000000
180000000
39000000
59000000
95000000
139000000153000000
Total Amount of Investment of EXIM Bank Limited at Narayangonj Branch
Taka In Amount
From this graph it can said that EXIM Bank Narayangonj Branch is investing a lot of money in
every sector from year to year.
36
Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
2.4.2 Introduction
Investment is the action of deploying funds with the intention and expectation that they will earn
a positive return for the owner. Funds may be invested in either real assets or financial assets.
When resources are used for purchasing fixed and current assets in a production process or for a
trading purpose, then it can be termed as real investment. The establishment of a factory or the
purchase of raw materials and machinery for production purposes are examples in point. On the
other hand, the purchase of a legal right to receive income in the form of capital gains or
dividends would be indicative of financial investments. Specific examples of financial
investments are: deposits of money in a bank account, the purchase of Mudaraba Savings Bonds
or stock in a company. Ultimately, the savings of investors in financial assets are invested by the
respective company into real assets in the form of the expansion of plant and equipment. When
money is deposited with an Islamic Bank, the bank, in turn, makes investments in different forms
approved by the Islamic Shariah with the intent to earn a profit. Not only a bank, but also an
individual or organization can use Islamic modes of investment to earn profits for wealth
maximization.
2.4.3 What Is Investment???
In finance and business, an investment is an asset purchased for profit, whether via income, or
capital appreciation, or some combination. The entity making the investment is an investor. The
opposite of making an investment, or selling the asset, is divestment. Investment has a
connotation of a long-term holding period, in contrast to speculation, which is the purchase of
assets seeking profit from short-term price movements. In practice, no precise definition
distinguishes between investment and speculation. The expected return on investment, or
expected ROI, is a measure of the attractiveness of an investment, whether anticipated or
realized. In economics, investment represents capital expenditure by companies in an economy
or economic model. In this context, investment is distinct from consumer expenditure,
government expenditure, and net exports.
37
Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
2.4.4 Investment Objectives of EXIM Bank
The objectives and principles of investment operations of the Banks are:
The investment fund strictly in accordance with the principles of Islamic Shariah.
To diversifies its portfolio by size of investment, by sectors (public and private), by
economic purpose, by securities and by geographical area including industrial,
commercial and agricultural.
To ensure mutual benefit both for the Bank and the investment client by professional
appraisal of investment proposals, judicious sanction of investment, close and constant
supervision and monitoring therefore.
To make investment keeping the socio-economic requirement of the country in view.
To increase the number of potential investors by making participatory and productive
investment.
To finance various developments schemes for poverty alleviation, income and
employment generation with a view to accelerating sustainable socio-economic growth
and up-liftmen of the society.
To invest in the form of goods and commodities rather than give out cash money to the
investment clients.
In EXIM BANK LIMITED they invest in two ways;
One is Head Office Investment: Head office investment consists of investment in
Bangladesh bank, security investment and some foreign investment.
Another is investment by the branches. And Branch Investment consists of investment as
loans, advances and guarantees business.
Head Office Investment
There is a resolution of Bangladesh Bank that every commercial bank has to keep a deposit in
Bangladesh Bank, which is 15% of total deposit. The EXIM bank Head office investment
consists of investment in Treasury bill, Prize bond, Shares, Debentures and some other security
investment.
38
Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
Security Investment: EXIM BANK LIMITED purchases securities for liquidity purposes to
augment investment and to serve as collateral for deposit liabilities to Government in short them
govt. securities generally provide limited income but are highly liquid with on credit risk and
little market rate risk.
Branch Investment
Branch invest is various sectors as loans and advances. The department of Bank, which deals
with these loans and advances, is known as credit department. now I would like to describe about
investment department of EXIM BANK LIMITED.
According to the principles of Islamic Shariah, EXIM BANK LIMITED invest on the basis of
profit and loss sharing system. Earning profit is not the only motive rather than emphasis in
given attaining social good and in creating employment opportunities. Further in order to
diversity investment portfolio, the bank engaged itself in investment operation through special
scheme introducing during the year.
Year Investment (Tk. in millions)
2006 3487460000
2007 4265290000
2008 2894021207
2009 2169435240
2010 6860990747
39
Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
2006 2007 2008 2009 20100
1000000000
2000000000
3000000000
4000000000
5000000000
6000000000
7000000000
8000000000
3487460000
4265290000
28940212072169435240
6860990747
Investment
Here it can be said that the total investment of EXIM Bank was at a good position in the year
2006 & 2007 but in 2008 & 2009 the investment went down and in 2010 the Investment was so
high it broke all the past year’s record. This shows that this year narayangonj branch has been
successfully able to invest money
2.4.5 Sector Wise Investment Growth
A) Agriculture Industry: (In crore Tk)
Sector 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Agriculture 1330 1351 16838 15985 14118
Growth of agriculture industry 1.58% 1146.34% -5.07% -11.68%
40
Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010-202468
101214
Agriculture Industry
Here it can be said that the investment growth of agricultural industry was good in the year 2008
but after 2008 the bank didn’t invest much money in this sector.
B) Industry (Leather, Pharma, Textile, food etc.)
(In crore Tk)
Sector 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Industry (Leather,
Pharma, Textile,
food etc.)
26964 46183 67381 89823 130630
Growth 36.25
%
71.28% 45.90% 33.31% 45.43%
41
Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
2006 2007 2008 2009 20100.00%
10.00%20.00%30.00%40.00%50.00%60.00%70.00%80.00%
36.25%
71.28%
45.90%
33.31%
45.43%
Growth of Industry (Leather, Pharma, Textile, food etc.) of EXIM Bank Limited
From this graph it can be said that every year EXIM Bank limited investing their money in
Industrial Sector. However in 2010 there has been a slight increase.
C) Transport& Communication (In crore Tk)
Sector 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Transport&
Communication
4004 5467 6987 10414 13721
Growth 23.29% 36.54% 27.80% 49.05% 31.76%
42
Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
2006 2007 2008 2009 20100.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
23.29%
36.54%
27.80%
49.05%
31.76%
Transport & Communication Sector
From this graph it can be said that EXIM Bank limited has decreased investing in this sector in
the last. From the graph it seems that every alternate year EXIM bank increases its investment in
this sector.
D) Trade
Sector 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Trade
(In crore Tk)
109492 136951 53350 63324 88652
Growth 18.64% 25.08% -61.04% 18.70% 40.00%
43
Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
-80.00%
-60.00%
-40.00%
-20.00%
0.00%
20.00%
40.00%
60.00%
18.64%25.08%
-61.04%
18.70%
40.00%
Trade
From this graph we can see that other than 2008, in all the other years EXIM Bank has increased
its investment it the Trade sector. This shows that it is able to attract a considerable amount of
customers from this sector who require investment from EXIM bank.
E) Service Industries (In crore Tk)
Sector 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Service Industries 5269 12812 7398 8101 18221
Growth 59.29% 143.16% -42.26% 9.50% 124.92%
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
-100.00%
-50.00%
0.00%
50.00%
100.00%
150.00%
200.00%
59.29%
143.16%
-42.26%
9.50%
124.92%
Service Industries
44
Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
From this graph it can be said that the bank also invest their money for service industries also.
But they invest more in this sector in the year 2007. Growth of investment of EXIM Bank in
different sector is in satisfactory level. Investments growth in service sector is comparatively
more satisfactory than other sector. The Bank however should concentrate on agriculture
industry.
2.4.6 Sector Wise Investment Concentration
It is particularly important to monitor whether the increase in loans in the economy is
concentrated in sectors that are vulnerable to shifts in economic activity. Investment
concentration in a specific economic sector or activity (measured as a share of total loans) makes
banks vulnerable to adverse developments in that sector or activity. Hence, the quality of a
financial institution's investment portfolios is closely related to the financial health and
profitability of its borrowers.
Table shows that the most of the loans from 2004 to 2008 are concentrated in the industrial
investment (around 35.91%) followed by trade (16.53%). The bank allocates lowest amount of
its loans for transport sector. (2.59%).
Sector wise loans and advances:
Sector 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Agriculture 0.82% 3.97% 2.63% 4.23% 3.99%
Industry (Leather,
Pharma, Textile, food
etc.)
23.15% 34.1% 35.91% 40.35% 46.29%
Working Capital
Financing
12.02% - - - -
Construction 0.92% - - 0.56% 0.98%
Transport& 2.3% 2.56% 2.59% 3.29% 3.15%
45
Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
Communication
Trade 54.17% 50.75% 48.84% 38.2% 31.42%
Housing 4.89% 4.75% 6.19% 8.39% 9.16%
Miscellaneous 1.73% 4.00% 4.94% 4.98% 5.01%
The trend analyses of sector wise loans are given below:
0.82%
23.15%
12.02%
0.92%2.30%
54.17%
Agriculture
Industry (Leather, Pharma, Textile, food etc.)
Working Capital Financing
Construction
Transport& Communication
Trade
From the graph we can see that EXIM bank is giving more emphasizes on Trade & Industrial
sector of Bangladesh. The least amount is invested in agricultural sector followed by
construction sector. From the previous graphs we found out that each year the amount invested in
these two sectors is decreasing probably because EXIM bank does not find much profitability
from these sectors. In the trade sector however the amount has increased considerably because of
the tendency of this sector contributing more to the profit. Another new addition is Working
Capital financing which contributes 12.02%. We have noticed from the previous table that this
46
Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
type of financing was not available earlier. After analyzing all the graphs of above here we can
see that the budgeting system EXIM Bank Bangladesh Limited is very good.
2.4.7 Investment Income from Investment
Income derived from investments from the year 2006 to 2010 is given below
2006 2007 2008 2009 20100
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
182.03246.14
380.37
494.34
675.53
Investment Income
Year Investment
Income [In
crore Tk]
2006 182.03
2007 246.14
2008 380.37
2009 494.34
2010 675.53
47
Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
Source: Annual report of EXIM Bank.
From this graph it can be said that EXIM bank limited is earning a lot of profit from year 2006 to
2010 which indicates a good situation of this company in this sector. So we can say that the
income from the investment Department is one of the main sources of earning profit of this bank.
As EXIM Bank increases its investments from year to year, so it is logical that its income from
sanctioning investments is more. The bank has achieved the highest profit in 2010 from any
other previous year. So performance of providing investments of the bank is not dissatisfaction.
2.4.8 SWOT Analysis of the Investment Department of EXIM Bank Limited
Strengths
Export Import Bank of Bangladesh Limited main strength is their members of the Board of
Directors, are leading business personalities and reputed industrialists of the country.
They have their own training center.
Better working environment, which promotes team spirit, creativity, & performance
capabilities of its employees.
Compared to other banks this bank is in better position in this competitive market.
The bank has a better controlling system than the other banks to recover it’s loan.
Skilled, creative & committed manpower.
Weaknesses
Export Import Bank of Bangladesh Limited has not introduced online banking system
which has an increasing public demand now days.
Lots of works are done manually which slows down the Investment process.
48
Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
There is no separate customer care department, which can work solely with customer care
and for continuous improvement of services.
The bank couldn't use it's full of capacity to give loan.
Shortage of manpower in this division. So during the working hour the employees can't
provide proper attention to the customer that enhances customer dissatisfaction.
Opportunities
They have a big opportunity if they provide online Banking system.
It does not foresee exciting any of its business lines since it maintains balanced portfolio &
it is well-positioned to increase out-thrust into diversified interests.
The bank has many loyal customers.
Many people in Bangladesh prefer to have money invested from Shariah based banks.
Growth of global economy and Bangladesh's foreign trade in the coming years can provide
huge growth opportunities.
Investment by Islamic micro finance is a recent trend not yet opted by any commercial
banks in Bangladesh
Threats
The emergence of several private & foreign banks within the past few years offering similar
or more services with less or free charge for the facilities can be a major threat for the
bank.
The macroeconomic situation of the country can deteriorate.
Government has been controlling industrial credit.
The depreciation of Taka against US dollar is a great threat to foreign exchange
transaction and profitability.
Competition has intensified in the industry.
Overburden with regulations & frequent changes of policies create problems in adapting
clients & complying with rules, which adversely affect the business.
Internal clash and discriminations is the biggest threat for them.
The other financial instructions are giving loan to customers at a low rate than EXIM bank.
49
Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
Part-2 (Chapter#05)
Findings of The Study
50
Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
2.5.1 Investment of EXIM Bank
As a 3rd generation leading commercial bank operating under Islamic Shariah, EXIM bank
provides/deals in a variety of banking services including wide range of deposit and investment
products, foreign exchange, remittance and other ancillary services with the support of most
sophisticated/modern IT and professional management. The investment portfolio of the bank
comprises of diversified areas with all nationally identified thirst sectors/areas of business and
industry. The bank has given utmost importance/efforts to park and maintain quality assets and is
committed to retain good customers through congenial customer relationship management and
financial counseling considering the customers as a real business partners. At the same time
efforts have been made to induct new customers having vast potentiality, to diversify existing
portfolio and explore new potential business area adjustable with the change in business growth
of national economy and global trend as well. By adapting the aforesaid technique/process bank
has attained a great success in building a well established and structured investment port-folio
and minimizing overall portfolio risk.
The main investment businesses are focused on the following sectors/areas
Ready Made Garments
Hospitals & Clinics
51
Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
IT Related business
Agricultural and Agricultural developments items
Fishing and fishing business promotion
Telecommunication
Transportation and communication
Forestry and furniture
Construction business and housing development
Leather and leather goods
Plastic and other synthetics
Entertainment
Photography
Ceramic
Hotel & tourism
Warehouse and container services
Printing and packaging
Gunning and Bailing
Pathological Laboratories
Cold Storages
Horticulture- Flower growing and marketing
Food and oil processing plants
Other admissible trading and intermediaries
EXIM Bahan : An Investment product for purchasing Car/vehicle
An investment Scheme facilitating to purchase a new/reconditioned car/jeep for own/business
use.
Feature of investment
To extend investment facilities to an individual for purchasing a new/reconditioned
imported car/jeep from showroom.
To ensure investment to a person who has the capacity to maintain the car/jeep but will
help to accumulate the capital at a time.
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
To provide investment facility very promptly and easiest condition to a deserving
customer/applicant.
Facility of repayment by 12 to 60 equal monthly installments to be determined on the
basis of monthly income of the customer.
Eligibility
Employees of
Government/Semi government/ Autonomous bodies
Sector Corporation
Non-Government Organizations
Multinational Companies
Banks/financial Institutions
Educational Institutions
Professionals
Doctor
Engineer
Accountant
Others
Reputed business person
Age between 21 at the time of application and 60 at the time of maturity
Minimum monthly income BDT 25,000.00
Length of service /age of business minimum 2 years
For service holder ahead minimum service up to maturity of investment
Eligible items/Article
Car
Jeep
Station wagon
Any other vehicle for own/business use
Investment Limit
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
Maximum limit Tk.20.00 lac (Investment equity ratio minimum 50:50)
Tenure of investment
Tenure is maximum 5 years.
EXIM Sahayak : An Investment product for procuring Household
Durables
Necessity and comfort are constantly changes with the change of time and life style which also
basic indicator of the quality of life. A stitch in time saves nine. Luxurious/comfortable
articles/appliances of yesterday may be treated /converted as essentials/necessities of today.
Necessity of many things does not wait for capacity.
Exim Bank provides a suitable solution of above and make breeze between necessity and
capacity to acquire the household durables.
Eligibility
Confirmed and regular Employee having two years continuous service of the following
organizations:
Govt. Organizations
Semi-Government Organizations
Autonomous Bodies
Multinational Companies
Banks
Insurance Companies
Educational Institutions
Corporate Bodies
Professionals/self employed
Doctor
Engineer
Accountant
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
Others
Businessman (at least five years of successful track record)
Investment Limit
Maximum limit Tk.3, 00,000.00
Duration of the Investment
Maximum 3 years
Purpose of Investment
To purchase/procure following eligible items
Eligible Items/Articles
Interior decoration
Personal Computer
Photocopier / Fax Machine
Small PABX System
Television
Mobile Phone Set
Refrigerator
Air cooler
Audio-Video Equipment
Other Home Electric Appliance
Generator/IPS/Solar Power/Power Tiller/Water pump/other agri-equipment
Furniture & soft furnishing
Motor-cycle/Auto-Rickshaw/Rickshaw Van/Boat/Engine Boat etc
Any Other Household Durables
EXIM Abasan : A product for Home Investment
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
At EXIM Bank they offer an easy-to-avail Home Investment with convenient repayment facility
and maximum limit on investment amount. From the scheme the customer will get necessary
help to materialize long cherished dream, to enable him/them proud owner of a flat/dwelling
house in a modern developed urban area.
Purpose of Investment Product
Purchase apartment/House(not older than 8 years)
Completion of finishing/construction work of house
Renovation of existing house
Eligibility
Confirmed and regular Employee having 2 years continuous service of the following
organizations:
Govt. Organizations
Semi-Government Organizations
Autonomous Bodies
Multinational Companies
Banks
Insurance Companies
Educational Institutions
Corporate Bodies
(Monthly average income of the above applicant must be commensurate with the monthly
installment of the investment)
Professionals & self employment
Doctor
Engineer
Accountant
Business and others
Businessman (at least five years of successful track record)
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
Age
Maximum 65 years (including repayment period)
Investment Limit
Maximum BDT 50.00 lac (65:35 investment equity ratios)
Duration of the Investment
Maximum 18 years including grace period (from 06 months to 18 months)
Repayment Mode
Equal monthly installment
The total amount of investment of the bank stood at tk. 53,637,68 million as on
December 31, 2008 as against tk. 40195.24 million as on December 31,2007 showing an
increase of tk. 13,442.44 million with the growth rate of 33.44%. Investments are the
core asset of the bank. The bank gives emphasis to acquire quality assets and does
appropriate investment risk analysis while approving commercial and trade investment
to clients.
2.5.2 Industry & Business Sectors Focus
The bank provides suitable investment services & products for the following sectors
Table: Sector-wise Loan Facilities
a) Steel & Engineering. j) Brick Fields.
b) Food & Allied. k) Edible Oil.
c) Agriculture l) Assembling Industry.
d) Textile & Garments. m) Collage Industry.
e) Pharmaceuticals & Chemicals. n) Electronics & Electrical Commodities.
f) Paper & Paper Products. o) Construction Company.
g) Service Industries. p) Trading (Retail/Whole sale)
h) Housing & Real Estate. q) Others.
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
i) Cement.
Source: Investment Policy of EXIM Bank
2.5.3 Major Investments Categories
The Bank has primarily divided all investment facilities into two major categories. In this section
they are discussed in details.
Izara Bill Baia:
These are the investment made by the Bank with fixed repayment schedules.
The terms of investment are:
Short term : Up to 12 months
Medium term : More than 12 and up to 36 months
Long term : More than 36 months.
Investment facility available under this category is:
Izara Bill Baia (General)
Short term, Medium term & long term investment allowed to individual/firm/industries for a
specific purpose but for a definite period and generally repayable by installments fall under this
head. This type of investment is mainly allowed to accommodate financing under the categories
(i) Large & Medium Scale Industry and (ii) Small & Cottage industry. Very often term financing
for agriculture & others.
Continuing loans
These are investment having no fixed repayment schedule, but have an expiry date at which it is
renewable on satisfactory performance. Investment facilities available under this category are:
Bai-Muazzal
Continuous Investment allowed to individual/firm for trading as well as wholesale purpose or to
industries to meet up the working capital requirements against hypothecation of goods as
primary security fall under this type of lending. It is allowed under the categories (i)
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
"Commercial Lending" when the customer is other than an industry and (ii) "Working Capital"
when the customer is an industry.
Murabaha
Financial accommodations to individual/firm for trading as well as for wholesale or to industries
as working capital against pledge of goods as primary security fall under this head of investment.
It is also a continuous investment and like the above allowed under the categories (i)
"Commercial Lending" and (ii) "Working Capital".
2.5.4 Other Investments Categories
Agriculture
Investment facilities to the agricultural sector fall under this category. It is subdivided into two
major heads:
a) Investment to primary producers: Financing under these categories refers to the
investment facilities allowed to production units engaged in farming, fishing, forestry or
livestock.
b) Investment to dealers/distributors: It refers to the financing allowed to input dealers
and (or) distributors in the agricultural sectors.
Izara Bill Baia for Large & Medium Scale Industry
This category of investment accommodates the medium and long term financing for capital
structure formation of new industries or for expansion of the existing units who are engaged in
manufacturing goods and services. Investment Facility available under this category is:
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
Izara (Lease Finance)
It is one of the most convenient sources of acquiring capital machinery and equipment whereby a
client is given the opportunity to have an exclusive right to use an asset usually for an agreed
period of time against payment of rent. It is a term financing repayable by installment.
Izara Bill Baia to Small & Cottage Industries
These are the medium and long term investment allowed to small & cottage manufacturing
industries.
Working Capital
Investment allowed to the manufacturing units to meet their working capital requirements,
irrespective of their size-big, medium or small, fall under the category. These are usually
continuing investment and as such fall under the head "Bai-Muazzal"
Investment on Export
Investment facilities allowed to facilitate export of all items against Letter of Credit and/or
confirmed export orders fall under this category. Investment Facilities available under this
category are:
Musharaka Pre-shipment (Export Cash Credit):
Financial accommodation allowed to a customer for exports of goods fall under this head and is
categorized as "Investment on Export". The loans are liquidated out of export proceeds with 180
days.
Musharaka Pre-shipment (Packing Credit):
Investment allowed to a customer against specific L/C contract for processing/packing of goods
to be exported falls under this head and is categorized as "Mushraka Pre-shipment". The
investments are adjusted from proceeds of the relevant exports within 180 days.
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
Foreign Documentary Bill Purchase (F.D.B.P):
Payment made to a customer through purchase/negotiation of a foreign documentary bills falls
under this head. This temporary investment is adjustable from the proceeds of the
shipping/export documents.
Local Documentary Bill Purchase (LDBP):
Payment made against documents representing sell of goods to Local export oriented industries
that are deemed as exports and which are denominated in Local Currency/Foreign Currency falls
under this head. This temporary liability is adjustable from proceeds of the Bill.
Foreign Bill Purchase (FBP):
Payment made to a customer through purchase of foreign currency cheques/drafts fall under this
head. This temporary loan is adjustable from the proceeds of the cheque/draft.
Commercial Lending
Short-term loans and continuing investments allowed for commercial purposes fall under this
category. It includes export-import financing, financing for internal trade, service
establishment etc. No medium and long-term investments are accommodated here. Loan
Facilities available under this category are:
Bai-Muazzal (Export):
Investments allowed for purchasing foreign currency for payment against L/Cs (Back to Back)
where the exports do not materialize before the date of import Payment fall under this head. This
is also a investment for temporary period, which is known as export finance.
Murabaha Import Bills (MIB):
Payment made by the Bank against lodgment of shipping documents of goods imported through
L/C falls under this head. It is an interim investment connected with import and is generally
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
liquidated against payment usually made by the party for retirement of the documents for release
of imported goods from the customs authority.
Murabaha Post Import (MPI):
Loans allowed for retirement of shipping documents and release of goods imported through L/C
taking effective control over the goods by pledge in go down under bank's lock & key fall under
this type of investment. This is a temporary investment connected with import that is known as
post-import finance.
Trust Receipt (TR) Loan:
Allowed for retirement of shipping documents and release of goods imported through L/C falls
under this head. The goods are handed over to the importer under trust with the arrangement that
sale proceeds should be deposited to liquidate the investment within a given period. This is also a
temporary loan connected with import and known as post-import finance.
Inland Bills Purchase (IBP) Payment:
Made through purchase of inland bills/cheques to meet urgent requirement of the customer falls
under this type of loan facility. This temporary loan is adjustable from the proceeds of
bills/cheques purchased for connection.
Others
Any investment that does not fall in any of the above categories is considered under the category
"Others". It includes loans to i) Transport equipments, ii) Construction works including house
(commercial/residential), iii) work order finance, iv) personal loan etc. Investment Facilities
available under this category are:
Izara Bill Baia (House Building):
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
Investment allowed to individual/enterprises for construction of building for commercial
purpose fall under this type of investment. The amount is repayable by monthly installment with
a specified period.
Izara Bill Baia (Staff House Building):
Investment allowed to Bank's employees for purchase/construction of house falls under this
Loan.
Other Loan to Staff:
Investment allowed to employees other than for House Building is grouped under head Staff
Izara Bill Baia (General).
Izara Bill Baia (Hire Purchase):
It is a type of installment-based loan under which the purchaser agrees to take the goods on hire
at a stated rental, which is inclusive of the repayment of principal as well as profit for adjustment
of the loan within a specified period.
House Hold Durable Scheme (HDS):
It is a special investment scheme of the Bank to finance purchase of consumer durable to the
fixed income group to raise their standard of living. The investments are allowed on soft terms
against personal guarantee and deposit of specified percentage of equity by the customers. The
investment is repayable by monthly installment within a fixed period.
Quard (General/Financial Obligation):
Investment allowed to individual/firms against financial obligation (i.e. lien on
MTDR/PSP/BSP/Insurance Policy/Share etc.).
Bai-Muazzal (Work Order):
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
Investment allowed against assignment of work order for execution of contractual work falls
under this head. This investment is generally allowed for a definite period and specific purpose
not for continuous purpose.
Loan Facilities for single borrower/Group or syndication
The bank from time to time allows loan facilities to a single customer/Group (Funded & non
funded) up its 50% of total capital out of which funded facilities does not exceed 25% of total
capital. In case a proposal in submitted to Head Office, then the Bank considers the extent of the
Bank's global exposure (risk) to that customer group.
2.5.5 Investment Facility Parameters
Tenure
Bank does not ordinarily go for any loan facilities for long-term basis.
Short-term loan facilities are for 3 months to 12 months.
Medium term loan facilities are for 12 months to 36 months.
Long-term loan facilities are for more than 36 months.
Size
Maximum 50% (Funded & non-funded) of total capital of the Bank.
Maximum 25% (funded) facilities of total capital of the Bank.
Security
All assets (Bai-Muazzal & Murabaha) are to be covered under proper insurance risk with enlisted
Insurance Companies.
2.5.6 Lending Facilities Restrictions
The bank establishes a specific industry sector exposure cap by preparing a sector wise loan
budget in order to avoid over concentration in any one-industry sector. The
budget is approved by the Board in the month of January every year and includes the following
points;
Total Facilities:
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
The aggregated of all cash facilities is kept at 80% of customer's deposits. It is also governed by
the statutory and liquidity reserve requirement of Bangladesh Bank.
Term Facilities:
Aggregated long-term facilities are restricted to 20% of the total loan portfolio and are not
allowed for a period more than 5 (five) year.
Unsecured Facilities:
Aggregate bank loans to corporate or individual customers who are not secured by collateral and
are allowed on the strength of customer's personal integrity and financial standing or the
corporate customer's balance sheet, with or without hypothecation of stock is restricted to 30% of
the total loan portfolio.
Sector-wise Allocation:
Sector-wise allocation of loan budget is made in the month of January of each year with the
approval of Executive Committee/Board of Directors. This is reviewed from time to time.
Security:
Security accepted against loan facilities is properly valued and is affected in accordance with the
laws of the country in which the security is held. An appropriate margin of security is taken to
reflect such factors as the disposal cost or potential price movement of the underlying assets.
2.5.7 Investment Facilities Not Provided For Business Types
The Bank does not provide loan facilities to the following businesses:
Military Equipment/Weapon Finance.
Highly Leveraged Transactions.
Finance of Speculative Loans.
Logging, Mineral Extraction/Mining, or other activity that is ethically of Environmental
sensitive.
Lending to companies listed on CIB black list or known defaulters.
Counter parties in countries subject to UN sanctions.
Share lending.
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
Taking an equity stake in Borrowers.
Lending to Holding Companies.
Bridge Loans relying on equity/debt issuance as a source of repayment.
Tannery Finance.
Izara Bill Baia (HB-residential) who has no other business with the Bank.
2.5.8 General Lending Principles of EXIM Bank
Lending of funds to the traders, businesses and industrial enterprises constitutes the main
business of the bank. A major part of the bank's income is earned from interest and discount on
the funds so lent. The business of lending, nevertheless, is not without certain inherent risks.
Largely depending on the borrowed funds, a banker cannot afford to take
Undue risks in lending. While lending its fund, the bank, therefore, follows a very cautious
policy and conducts its business on the basis of the well-known principles of sound lending in
order to minimize the risks. The bank usually follows the following lending principles in its
credit management operations:
Safety:
As the bank lends the funds entrusted to it by the depositors, the first and foremost principle of
lending is to ensure the safety of the funds lent. By safety it is meant that the borrower is in
position to repay the loan, along with interest, according to the terms of the loan contract. The
bank takes utmost care in ensuring that the enterprise or business for which a loan is sought is a
sound one and the borrower is capable of carrying it out successfully and is a person of integrity,
good character and reputation.
Purpose:
The bank does not grant loan for each and every purpose. Bank has its own policy regarding the
purpose for which it provides loans. Loans are normally provided for productive purposes only
such as working capital, trading, agricultural, transport, export-import etc. The bank does not
grant loans for purely speculative purposes, unproductive purpose such as social functions or
holiday or for repayment of prior loans and business having negative net-worth if it is not
covered by cash/quasi cash securities with adequate margin.
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
Profitability:
Since the bank is a profit-earning institution, it employs its funds profitability so as to earn
sufficient income out of which to pay interest to the depositors, salaries to staff and to meet
various other establishment expenses and distribute dividend to shareholders. The bank usually
considers high yielding, short-term, and self-liquidating with ancillary business/compensating
deposits and prefers quality advances. The bank keeps a spread of lending rate over its expenses
that include deposit interest payment and other operating and overhead expenses. The bank is
free to determine its interest rates.
Liquidity:
Bank lends funds for short periods. The loans are, therefore, largely payable on demand. The
bank ensures that the borrower is able to repay the loan on demand or within a short period. The
bank grants loans on the security of assets, which are easily marketable without much loss.
Dispersal/Diversification:
The bank keeps its investment portfolio as much broad based as possible and in conformity with
the deposit structure. The bank does not provide investments in one
Particular direction/industry/activity or one or few borrowers because any adversity faced by that
particular industry will have serious adverse affect on the bank. Again, investment s are not
concentrated in one area alone. The bank spreads its loans against different securities,
industries/activities, borrowers, areas, etc. This way the bank diversifies its risks.
National interest/social benefit:
The Bank grants loan if the purpose of the investment is for overall plans necessitating flow of
credit to priority sector in the larger national interest. National interest for financing in some
areas, especially in advances to agriculture, small industries, export oriented industries, and
assuming great importance. The bank also looks at the social and environmental implication of
the project or business that it is financing.
2.5.9 Investment Investigation
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
Lending is one of the most important functions of a bank. Therefore, It is of paramount
importance that the bank chooses a reliable borrower. For this the bank places the kind of
mechanism(s) that helps it identify the borrower who can be creditworthy. This section deals
with some of the mechanisms that the bank employs for this end.
Investment Application form
A investment application form usually contains information pertaining to the name of the
concern, constitution, nature and place of business, year of establishment, borrower's experience
in the line, particulars of assets and liabilities, purpose of advance, amount required, period of
advance required for, nature of security offered, sources of repayment, names of present bankers
with detailed borrowing and other facilities. This is the first step of knowing about the borrower.
Personal Interview
The bank arranges interview with the borrower to know more about his specific requirements,
the prospects of his employing the funds prudently, his capacity to repay and the suitability of
the security offered. The main points that are covered in the interview are: his business, all legal
documents required for operation of his business (Memorandum and Article of Association,
trade and import license), his capital with reference to working capital, his experience in the
business, results of financial statements of at least three years, amount of investment and period,
purpose of advance, source of repayment, terms of payment, security documents that are offered,
types of charge available. The bank officials who conduct the interview try to analyze and judge
for themselves the correctness or otherwise of the various statements and documents of the
prospective borrower and to arrive at a balanced opinion regarding the acceptability or otherwise
of the proposal.
If, after the initial interview, the commercial credit officer decides that the loan request meets
basic bank lending criteria, the next step is to conduct a more in-depth investigation, relying
upon the documents obtained from the client and from bank's own and outside sources.
2.5.10 Investment Recovery
The bank has a Recovery Unit (RU) under CRM. It directly manages account with sustained
deterioration (a Risk Rating of Sub Standard (6) or worse).
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
The RU's primary function is:
Determine Account Action Plan/Recovery Strategy.
Pursue all options to maximize recovery.
Ensure adequate and timely investment loss provisions are made based on actual and
expected losses.
Regular review of grade 6 or worse account.
2.5.11 Investment Assessment & Risk Management
Investment Assessment
A thorough loan and risk assessment is conducted prior to the granting of loans and at least
annually thereafter for all facilities. The results of this assessment are presented in a loan
proposal to Head of Loan Division for approval. The guiding principles for a bank official while
collecting and recording information are to remain uninfluenced by extraneous considerations
and secondly he maintains contact with all those who can be of assistance.
The following steps for completion of Loan Risk assessment for each facility are followed by the
bank in conjunction with the guidelines/instructions given in Head Office circulars issued from
time to time.
Risk Management
The following risk areas are addressed for risk management:
Borrower Analysis: The majority shareholders, management team and group of affiliate
companies are assessed. Any issues regarding lack of management depth, complicated
ownership structure or inter group transactions are addressed, and risk mitigated. The
bank collects credit information from CIB regarding the borrower's past credit status and
exchanges of credit information from other banks or bank opinions. CIB report
reflects/includes the name of all the lenders with facility, limit and outstanding.
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
Industry Analysis: The key risk factors of the borrower's industry are assessed. Any
issues regarding the borrower's position in the industry, overall industry concerns or
competitive forces are addressed and strengths and weaknesses of the borrower relative to
its competitors are identified.
Supplier/Buyer Analysis: Any customer or supplier concentration is assessed. Any
issues regarding the borrower's position in the industry, overall industry concern or
competitive forces are addressed and the strengths and weaknesses of the borrower
relative to its competition are identified.
Historical Financial Analysis: An analysis of a minimum of 3 years historical financial
statements of the borrower are presented. Where reliance is placed on a corporate
guarantor, guarantor's financial statements are analyzed. The analysis addresses the
quality and sustainability of earnings, cash flow and the strength of the Borrower’s
balance sheet. Specifically, cash flow, leverage and profitability are analyzed.
Project Financial Performance: Where term facilities (tenor greater than 1 year) are
being proposed, a projection of the borrower's future financial performance are provided,
indicating an analysis of the sufficiency of cash flow to service debt repayments. Loans
are not granted if projected cash flow is insufficient to repay debts.
Accounts Conduct: For existing borrowers, the historic performance in meeting
repayment obligations (Trade payment, cheques, profit and principal payments, etc.) is
assessed.
Mitigating Factors: Mitigating factors for risk identified in the loan assessment are
identified. Possible risks include margin sustainability and/or volatility, high debt loan
(leverage/gearing), overstocking or debtor issues; rapid growth, acquisition or expansion;
new business line/product expansion, management changes or succession issues;
customer or supplier concentration; and lack of transparency of industry issues.
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
Loan structure: The amounts and tenors of financing of loan are justified based on the
projected repayment ability and loan purpose. Excessive tenor or amount relative to
business needs increase the risk of fund diversion and any adversely impact the
borrower's repayment ability.
Security: A current valuation of collateral is obtained and the quality and priority of
security being proposed are assessed. Adequacy and the extent of the insurance coverage
are also assessed.
Name lending: Loan proposal and the granting of loans are based on sound
fundamental, supported by a thorough financial and risk analysis and not by an over
reliance on the sponsoring principal's reputation.
2.5.12 Security Valuation
Security is a cover against loans and advances. It ensures recovery of loans and advances.
Securities play an extremely important role in a loan granting decision.
Valuation of Primary Security
Primary security means the security offered by the borrower himself as cover for the loan. It
refers to the asset, which has been bought with the help of the bank. Such as when machinery or
some goods have been bought with the help of the bank the machinery and goods constitute the
primary security.
Primary Security may be either personal security or impersonal security or both. Personal
security is given by a borrower by way of duty-executed promissory note,
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
acceptance/endorsement on a bill of exchange and personal covenants in mortgage deeds or loan
agreements. Impersonal security is given when a charge is created by way of
pledge/hypothecation/mortgage over the borrower's tangible assets, such as goods and
commodity, fixed assets, bills receivables, book debts.
Murabaha Post Import (MPI)
MPI facility is allowed, as post-import finance against imported goods under the Bank's L/Cs.
MPI facility does not exceed invoice value net of L/C margin unless the Bank agrees to finance
duties/VAT. However, where market price of the goods is lower than landed cost banks makes
necessary arrangement with the customer to obtain additional deposit. Head Office approves the
price at which MPI goods to be released to customer or it may be at market price or landed cost
whichever is higher.
Murabaha
Valuation of the goods to be pledged to the Bank against Murabaha limit in no case exceeds:
The landed cost or market prices whichever is lower in case of imported goods.
The ex-mill/factory price of market price whichever is lower is case of domestically
manufactured commodities as evidenced by invoice.
The wholesale price/competitive market price duly verified by the Branch and approved
by Head Office.
Valuation of Collateral Security
All other additional security other than the primary securities such as land or building etc. are
considered as collateral securities which may be offered or deposited by the borrower or, by any
other third party.
The Bank follows the following steps for valuation of collateral security:
The property is physically inspected and verified jointly by 2 (two) bank's Officers. A
valuation certificate mentioning market value and forced sale value is prepared in a designated
form supplied to the officials and is jointly signed by the inspecting officers of the Bank. The
forced sale value of the collateral security is to be 1.5 times higher than the facility/facilities
allowed.
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
"A Site Plan" and "Map" along with 3R size district photographs of the mortgaged property
covering full exposure from 3 angles mentioning detailed particulars on the back of the
photographs.
The collateral security must be in the physical possession of the mortgagor and the
mortgagor/owner has valid title over it.
A letter of satisfaction from the Bank's Lawyer is obtained that the mortgage formality has
been properly created.
2.5.13 Documentation
The bank does not disburse any loan facility until the required documentation is properly
completed. After completion of credit investigation, the bank official begins to prepare loan
proposal. The loan proposal defines clearly amount and type of loans, the purpose of the facility,
summary of the results of risk assessment, the sources of repayment, tenor, covenants, the agreed
repayment schedule, interest and value of security.
The credit officer identifies any particular documents required for each facility. The officer is
responsible for the completion of the documentation. The officer enlists outside legal assistance
where necessary e.g. when drawing up special consortium / term loan agreements etc.
Where security is to be accepted as collateral for the facility all documentation relating to the
security are to be in the approved form. All approval procedures and required documentation are
completed and all securities are in place, prior to the disbursement of the facilities. There may be
requirement of specific banking or legal documents to secure a investment according to sanction
terms and conditions. All required documents are required before any loan is disbursed.
Bank has to complete the following documentation-
Municipal Trade License.
Registered Partnership Deed duly certified as true copy (in case of a Partnership firm).
Resolution of the Partners for taking financial facilities and authorizing partner’s for
execution of documents and operation of the account (in case of partnership firm).
Copy of Memorandum & Articles of Association of the company including Certificate of
Incorporation duly certified by RJSC and attested by the Managing Director accompanied
by an up-to-date list of Directors (in case of a Limited Company). In case of public
limited company certificate of commencement of business is to be obtained.
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
Copy of Board resolution of the company for taking financial facilities and authorizing
Director(s) for execution of documents and operation of the account (in cases of limited
company).
An undertaking not to change the management of the company and the Memorandum and
articles of Association of the Company without prior written permission of the Bank (in
case of a Limited Company).
Copy of the audited Balance Sheet for last 3 years (in case of Limited Company).
D. P Note Single / Joint 9Stamped)
Letter of Arrangement
Letter of Disbursement
Agreement of Pledge (Stamped)
Mudaraba Agreement (Stamped)
Pledge letter showing detailed particulars of goods with value accompanied by relative cost
memo / Invoice.
Undertaking on Tk. 150 non-judicial stamp by the client (in case of exemption of
Burglary insurance policy.)
Letter of Disclaimer from the owner of the warehouse (in case of warehouse rented by
the client).
Letter of Guarantee (Stamped) of all the partners in their individual capacity (in case of
Partnership from).
Letter of Guarantee 9 stamped) of all the Directors in their individual capacity (in case of
Limited Company).
Corporate Guarantee froe legal entity on Tk. 150/- non-judicial stamp, if required in Head
Office Sanction Advice.
2.5.14 Approval Authority
After the loan proposal is completely prepared by the branch officers, it is sent to the head office
for approval to the approval authority. To ensure proper and orderly conduct of the business of
the Bank, the Board of Director empowers the Managing Director and other Executives of the
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
Bank to lend up to certain amount under certain terms and conditions at their discretion. The
lending authority is broadly categorized as follows:
(1) Board/Executive Committee.
(2) Managing Directors
(3) Head of Loan Division
Authority and responsibilities of each of the above are as follows:
a) Board of Directors
Establishes overall policies and procedures for approving & reviewing loans.
Delegate’s authority to approve and review Loans.
Approves loan for which authority is not delegated.
Approves all extension of loan that is contrary to Bank's written loan policies.
b) Executive Committee of the Board
Approves loan facilities as delegated by the Board of Directors.
Supervises the implementation of the directives of the Board of Directors.
Reviews of each extension of loan approval by the Head Office Loan
Committee/Managing Director.
c) Managing Director and Head of Loan Division, Head Office
The Managing Director and Head Office Investment Committee constitute a committee and
it is responsible for:
Reviewing, analyzing and recommending for extension of investment in accordance with
authority established and delegated by the Board of Directors.
Ensuring that all elements of the investment proposal i.e. forms, analysis, statement and
other papers have been obtained and in order.
Confirming that the transaction is consistent with existing loan policy and Bangladesh
Bank guidelines.
2.5.15 Investment Monitoring
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
To minimize loan losses, the bank put in place monitoring procedures and systems that provide
an early indication of the deteriorating financial health of a borrower. The bank officials monitor
the followings:
Past due principal or profit payments, past due trade bills, account excesses, and branch of
loan covenants;
Investment terms and conditions, financial statements on a regular basis, and any covenant
breaches or exceptions for timely follow up.
Timely corrective action to address findings of any internal, external or regular
inspection/audit.
Computer systems and where automated systems are not available manual processes are used to
produce accurate exception reports. Exceptions are followed up on and corrective action taken in
a timely manner before the account deteriorated further.
The main focus of this paper is on investment management of EXIM Bank. Besides this the
paper also looked at the Islamic banking in Bangladesh as the EXIM bank was converted to an
Islamic Shariah based bank in July 2004.
Islamic banking in Bangladesh has been a tremendous success over the last decade or so. The
annual growth rate of Islamic banking is 30%. Islamic banking is based on cardinal two
principles laid down in Shariah: 1) prohibition of interest 2) replacing it with profit sharing
wherever feasible and desirable.
The study found that the bank has a well-developed lending policy. The bank follows certain
general principle of lending such as safety, purpose, liquidity and diversification. All the
investment applications go through each of the steps of the investment granting process. The
bank uses its own investment risk evaluation process in addition to LRA Manual of Bangladesh
Bank and project appraisal method for evaluating investment proposals. The bank also has a
proper investment administration to ensure proper documentation, monitoring and follow up of
each investment granted by it.
A banker can not sleep well with bad debts in his portfolio. The failure of commercial banks
occurs mainly due to bad loans, which occurs due to inefficient management of the loans and
advances portfolio. Therefore any banks must be extremely cautious about its lending portfolio
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
and credit policy. So far the EXIM Bank has been able to manage its credit portfolio skillfully
and kept the classified loan at a very lower rate.
The bank grants investment to a number of sectors through various loan facilities for short,
medium and long period. The bank's lending activities mainly focus on trade and industry sector
For investment sanctioning it is observable that in 2004 and 2005 bad loss of giving investment
is near about 60% which is not good for the bank. Besides their investment in 2004 is greater
than deposit amount. Overall their growth rate is good from the date of establishment. The Bank
has achieved success among its peer group within a short span of time with its professional and
dedicated team of management having long experience, commendable knowledge and expertise
in convention with modern banking.
The management of the bank is maintaining an efficient portfolio in order to have a
healthy growth and retain customer satisfaction. In order to avoid asset liability mismatch
the management of the bank is constantly monitoring the bank’s business portfolio. The
bank has a Well-diversified and balanced advance portfolio consisting of agriculture,
industrial, garments, import construction, trade & commerce, export, transport, consumer,
and other sectors. The liquidity risk is minimized to maximum extent.
EXIM Bank is engaged in modern banking. It is expected that EXIM Bank by its efficient
asset and liability management will be able to maintain its trend of growth and thus
overcome the threat.
EXIM Bank has been able to maintain a very low classified portfolio over the last six
years of operations. Its present classified portfolio stands very low of the total loan
portfolio in the year 2010. This demonstrates the Bank’s professional management
ability.
Recognizing the risks of unfair and hostile competition in the banking industry EXIM
Bank has, since its inception, focused on diversified client base with an innovative and
differentiated product base. This strategy has been rewarding for EXIM, and it plans to
remain innovative in future also by way of creating new markets for its products.
EXIM Bank having small and targeting niche markets is likely to be less affected by
restrictive monetary and/or fiscal policy.
The Management has been following a Loan and Advance Policy, which will be
continued in future. Therefore, it is expected that the loan loss provisioning in future will
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
be within tolerable limit having little material impact on future profitability as well as net
worth.
As EXIM Bank is performing well in traditional general banking and there is a good
demand for Islamic Banking, the management of the Bank is also expecting good result
in Islamic banking operation.
Part-2 (Chapter#06)
Recommendations
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
EXIM bank within a short period of just five years has made good progress in terms of
profitability and growth rate of deposits and loans and advances despite tremendous competition
in the industry. The bank has to keep updating its credit operation. Although for the time being
the figures are good but the trend in the figure indicate that unless the bank becomes more
prudent in its loan granting process it can become laden with heavy bad loans.
To improve its overall performance the bank can do the following:
The segregation of duties will improve the knowledge levels and expertise in each
department.
The responsibilities of the key persons of the above function must also be clearly
specified.
There should be a Recovery Unit to manage directly accounts with sustained
deterioration. To encourage Recovery Unit incentive program may also introduced
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
The bank can establish a Marketing department to increase deposits
The bank should give its loan products to customers by publishing brochures and
advertising them under different 'brand' names.
Ensure proper training of its staff.
Increasing branch number to increasing wide geographical coverage throughout the
country.
ATM booth is necessary for giving prompt service to clients.
Implementing adequate IT infrastructure to provide international service standard to
customers.
Adding some promotional offers to large balance bearing clients.
Emphasis on corporate social responsibility is also necessary. Sponsorship in different
social programs can flourish bank image.
EXIM should go aggressive advertising and promotional activities to get a broad
geographic coverage.
To gain success in the programs like "Poverty Alleviation” and "Self Reliant" especially
in rural areas, this bank should provides investment facilities on the basis of individual.
Part-2 (Chapter#07)
Conclusion
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
From the practical implementation of customer dealing procedure during the whole period of
practical orientation in EXIM bank limited it can be said and concrete conclusion in a very
confident way. Everyone should believe that the realization will be in harmony with most of the
banking thinkers. It is quite evident that to build up an effective and efficient banking system to
the highest desire level computerized transaction is a must.
Success in the banking business largely depends on effective lending. Less the amount of loan
losses, the more the income will be from Credit operations. The more the income from Credit
operations the more will be the profit of the EXIM Bank and here lies the success of Credit
Financing.
Actually EXIM Bank is a private sector bank having a small market share of the industry.
Although it is a third generation bank facing government deposit restrictions, it has all the
potentials to penetrate in the market. If the weakness are addressed appropriately and
opportunities are explored keeping in view the threats behind with a stable and adroit
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Investment Program of EXIM Bank Limited
management having regard to appropriate corporate governance and modern automation
technology, it is expected that EXIM advance up in the ladder of success in the coming years.