parrhesia09_lazzarato

8/7/2019 parrhesia09_lazzarato

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PARRHESIA NUMBER9201023-30

Multiplicity, totality and politicsM l

te b Jme M

I have always felt that I am an empiricist, that is, a pluralist.

Ge deee

the see e hve ee he b f f m. the e f neg

H bkMultitude,1 e ke h e h e, e e, hgh

mbg : he e f he ee eg h ee e he e,

whe ejeg he me me, M f f h ge. sh we e Mm

hh f he me? i he e f eg f m? F p V, he e

f wh b m wh he me.2 F t neg, he e f he me m

ee he M je f gge h w h beme be fm: he me

e. Hweve, he f fe e- wh m eee Mm

em h he ege f (b f , wk, e.) e g ege,

-em e, whh f mke ee e . thee e m

me f h w vege he ve m, ve ve g. the Wee

e f ve. Eve whe Mm we be

qe, w be ee he hee ee h g. o he

, h fe, hgh w, ee h f he he ve.

We hve hee fme hee- bem: i m ve h em f

ve he eveme f mveme w be be me b he b f f

m. the efeem he Ee c eme e g h f he

e- fe f M e, whehe efm ev, he f veeg e

he , he e be (h whehe we e kg hee b he ee,

he -e, ) eem ebe. Bee h w h g veme ef w

he ve h em bee eee hgh he h f Mm, h hvef he he f Mm ef. cem Mm be ge be he

f he fme meme he eveme f mveme: b mg ef

he efee f qe gh eve he mgeme f v e be he

e. i eem me h he f he f he ew wh e kg

Mm. thee w bemhe m j f ge he f he

ewe eb ke e M g f e. th wh we w em e

g fm he hh f m, whh em .


2/8

MULTIPLICITY,TOTALITYANDPOLITICS

arE rElations intErior or ExtErior to tHEir tErMs?

i he bk, What is Philosophy?,3 Ge deee Fe G em h he f he

e, m gmm, he e he emg, embe w ffee w f

eg g he ew e f bhe me. We w e deee e

v whh gmm m he me eve bee w f he

Hege hege f Mm he mge h e, e e, mveme.

the qe e b gmm e hve hh m: me, whehe

he e wh he hg, be beg, e e-e e ee

eee.4 i e, he ge qe whehe ee e e h m

m. 5 the he f he ee f e me h e be ge eee f he

em h effee hem, h he em be be hve me e he me me. i qe

f he em beg be e wh ffee em he me me be be hge e

e wh hgg f hem. i he eee f e ee em, he

eeee f em e fm h he b mb f

f m ( f he me). th he f fee-g vee ee e w

ee w f m f g whee he j j bewee hg e

eh me ge, e efe bk eee, be ee e

whh he w be fe.

the hh f M, whe beg he f e, ee he b f ee e. a

he e , e e e fm he f he ffeee bewee

eee heme. F M, he v em f, heme. Wh e

he em v, he g (h , he em), b he v

h he e whh gh . t g he e, e m e he eee e b he

e f e. immee em kwege fe he . i kwege f

heme h ge he e e. rev he, he he h, ke

he b e he e e hem e wh he . th

whh ee he f he e, whh he v, he f, he em e.

the i hhe, Gv Gee, e h 1899 e M hh6 e whe

e em eqeh h ge f he gme, hee h bee Hege.

the e ffeee wh Hege hh h e e f f hgh, b f e ebe

hm v. u, , he e bewee hg e he e f f he

e b f f he ebe. u , he e bewee hg, e he e f

f he ebe he h f he e, whee he fme vve ee fm f

g, whh he , he , he whe e e b he e f e b

b e f (he -b e). if, he hh f Hege, he f

f he e h bme he w, g M he f he e

f h fg fe be he w g. o he he h, Eee

Bb gve ee f he g f e M h e efe he , b

he eem f he v.7 Wh eeg hg ebe, we fm h,

wheve hee ee m be, e h g f he e h w he b fhe hee f he mm .

if we wh e he hee f f hgh h h f ee he weeh

e, we m lkHistory and Class Consciousness,whh em e he g f

he ve ev hee hege be e g he me f bge hgh. i

h bk, whh eee e heee fhfe M hh hgh, he e

f , he , he whe ee hgh. ag lk, Mm m g wh


3/8

Maurizio lazzarato

e he ffeee bewee he em eee f f he e

e, h , he eee. i h w, lk fw he hh f M ve ee, f whm,f he eee f hg he eee heme e, ee ee. ag h

mehg, e e e he em. n ee m be f ehe he em

he e: the eeme he mme f he he e f he whe, he

.8 th he be ve e hge hg. the e e, b e

w efe eee, e. th, he he em he h he b f

e he , whh he e f Mm, me he e c. Meve,

wh Hege, e h whh b h whh beme. re mveme, ee, ev.

B eg f e e w ve he eee f he heme

e. i h w, bemg ee e he eem f he

f he e, b he ee mveme w he (he e f ) w

he e f he eee (he ee f he eveme f e heefe f

heefe f ev).

Mm h e he f me : eqe e he e f hee ee he eve f he whe, hee m be ve bje.

tHE distriButiVE point oF ViEW and tHE collEctiVE point oF ViEW

pgmm g eve f e g h me f hkg g g fm

, wh m, g h me f efeg bk fg be. Wm

Jme k, e e e bve eve? he he f eaches, everys, anys, eithers?

he he f all whole?9

thgh h wk, Jme em he ffeee bewee he bve eve

f vew. the ee ef wh m m whe he e e wh

g f he ve. We h, i hk, eeve me me e h bk ee, h

piecemeal existence is independent of complete collectability, h me f, e, e bve,

fm f e f ehe whh (eve f e mbe) ee egbe ee ehe eeeehemeve, ge eeee b hg ee, membe f a.10

the b f hkg he vee he eh-fm (ehe, eve, )11 he fm f

eve , he b f me f hkg whh w f m m, me

h he f e may be externally related.12 re e h fee fm f, fm

be fm ee b. tem be eee f e. thg be ee

eh he me w b hee hghe ge e whh eme hem whh

hem . Eh e eee e e, he function f hg. deee

w ek f e eee gh h e fm he e f eee. the

e eee h whh bek ff fm hgh e e h gve e ew

ffeee.13 i Jme w, he me hg beg m em,14 ee m

wh beg mee eeme b .

Befe beg fm f g, feem w f gg he vee. i

vee, feem ge he mb f g he ge mee be

hee w w be me eeme h em e f . the w h me ke

fee eb h ke eme kgm. Hweve mh m be ee, hweve mh m

e ef ee effeve ee f e , mehg ee ef-gvee

be ee .15 the eee f vee fee-g ee e mke e

be. i he -fm, e ee b gehe; he he e e

b he . Hweve, he eh-fm, hee e e j , Jme w


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, mehg w ee.16 i ee wh ee h ee mveme v. i he

eh-fm hg m be ee b eme hg, wh hg wh whh h mmee ee e. i h me m be e whh e ee e

he mme.17 i he he f ee e, hee eee be. Beh heme hee

m hg, Jme w . i h ee, e efe he eem f he v,

b f he ew, he e f eee. pgmm h h hee be

f ffee be fm ee eeee.

thee h b f be, me ebe e Mm, e he e

gve me e fw fm eee ve. Mm eve be he f

he f he ew g e ff b f v ( he e f ew

bjeve) e-e e ( wk h m ve v ee f

bje).

tHE union and disunion oF tHinGs

a g me ew meh f eg ebe he w whh ge

embe embe, hw he f ee, g w e f g h, fwg deee

G, we mj m.

pm e e ee f m, b egg h he w whh

he bewee hg ebhe e mebe w ge, e he fwg

qe: the w oee, b how e. Wh he ve f he ee f us.18 F Jme,

he bem f ve be eve b a priorigme. the w w hve mh

ve we beve . Emm eve f he w hhe ; m

( Mm) eve f eg .

i he me w h hee m f e, hee m f ffee me f

, ffee egee f , ffee w f beg e, m f w f eg .

We hve [] f v ge, f vee e, h -, h mee ge fm e e, me m e e ee , me e b,

[] f e.19 Hm eff e fg he w, b hee ee e w

ge, em . We eve e g he e f hg, gg

b-, ebhg , , mee, , eegh, , he em h b

gehe eve we e.20 u heve hgh e em g

be mbe f veg ewk. the me f ebe b Jme ve ffee

fm he efe , he be me b he -fm.

i he vee f m, he ve f w f beg e m m f me hgh whh

hee . Hw e hg he gehe, hw ewk fge e, hw he w

e? thg be e hee ve vee w. 21 amg he mebe e f

e, Jme ghe ee he gehe b e hgh emee

whh e ef bewee b ee me me, fm be f

(f bm he Hege-M gge).

22

Bee F Jme, kwege e fhe m m f e, ge f b em he he ve

(he ee f mm m hemeve be ee), b me e

w mmee ewk f e e mehg ew g. Kwege h

bve, em me f . th ee kwg, gg fm e

e, gehe ffee fm he e kwg e be eee b he b m.23

a vee h e hgh e f hg hgh he


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Maurizio lazzarato

ee e f e. newk ebh e he e hgh

e bewee ffee f he vee. thee e ke eh he b e h ew e . the e mebe e hgg-gehe f he w wh

he ge hgg-gehe. Eh em eeme e e ge f , beg g

h e k f e, he me m ge m ffee em.24 i h

mbe mge ffee w e b he vee me f e w whh he

heegee eeme hg gehe. the w oe, heefe, j f we eeee be

ee, oe b m ee j e. B he notoe b j m ee

j we .25 dj h m f me f beg ee. thee e

mbe f heegee w vg whh e eh me ge, e g.

the f he e k f whh he vee ef eve m f hee e wh k

f e eq e.26 i e f bk vee, whe em e w be me

e he bh e , we hve m vee, hwk vee,

heg vee, h mee eme vee, g

w whee hee e be ge m f j j, e. Je Wh h me mbe f he em wh whh Jme ee he vee:

b, h, , wmg, ge, m, f, fgme, ve. 27

Wh we hve hee he hbe vee, mee vee whee e

kwege g f, b b b, mve e hgh he embge f he v f

b ee. a vee whee he m m fw he gh f ge, f e w,

f he ffee egee f h me hem. a mve w whee he eve mee

gw hee hee, hk, he f ve bje, b he eeme b

f heegee ge. i h w f meee, bwhee

v kwege e hemeve m f wh v ge

gee ( eve ve bje) kw, b kwege [connatre].28

We e w we he gm qe: wh eqee w fm he e f

b e? the b mee me f he me f efe eeve he mj m g b whh deee

G ee me ee.

MarxisM as a politics oF totality

pgmm w e hw M g f e f ebe 19h e

e hh h hghgh he g m f M .

i mbe f Mm mge e f e ee h w be e eee, e

wh b he f e f c. the meh f g f mveme

h evee fe W W ii, hweve, ee e h e fee e fm em,

em h be eee fm e. thee mveme, whh e e f

m, he m mbg f e mg e M.

le ke, f eme, he fem mveme (hgh we hve he he m

e b ee f he m vee, Jme w ). Mm h w h ge f

wh mveme h efe, ehe e eve, e. i mge hem he

m eeee, hk hem ve bee M meh h h

he h mme he mveme hemeve; mee b he ew be f fe h

hee gge e , b e he -b e. thee mveme eee heme

whe eee e he e f e. Wh Mm wh m, me hee he


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e hee me e hg. the w e, h be .

Mm w hk f he fem mveme mbe f ffee w b f whh w me

efe bk eee. the fem mveme e mveme f he me f me

wk, he e v f b he f e whe, eve he bemg-

wm f wk. Mm ee he bve me, he em, he fgme f b

ee hgh whh he he kwege f he vee me b, e, f

me j, m wh e.

the mb f ee e, he mb f be ewe, he mb f eg

he vee m, h w bg he M e he e f efe be

mee , eg w whh eek f eee h ee . c, ke

e, eve be f evehg m vee. Hweve ge he mbe f eeme

h e be be bgh wh he m be, hee w mehg whh em e,

eee m, f whh m w, em, ghme. i eg h

he w f e (, whh m he me hg, h ve w), Mm h vg be w be mee , h mkg evehg h b ef

fm eee hgh e.

praGMatisM and capitalisM

i ee eme he gm f f Ge deee hgh, whh he h e

me hmef. Hweve, Mhe F, whm, whe eve kwegg he ee f h

, ew fm bee e he f he e f geege f

kwege [savoirs].

i What is Philosophy?, Ge deee Fe G m h he mke he e e ve f

m. F fme e h bev, b emg me f h

m ee bhe e,29 h h ve , ke ve, gm . the -

b e e hve he e m h Mm e ef . i , he , hee f eg h e m f e [dispositifs]f we. i he e f he g

e f Mm, F be he fe f dispositifs h e m f

ge m, em f e, egee f . thee dispositifs e me,

he e ffeee.Dispositifs f e ffe fm dispositifs f e ( he f

he em) he me f geeg he he f he , f g he

f he fgme, f he ffee meh f beg e, f g he m

eeee f he eeme. a, f F, bje f gh (homo juridicus) he me

hg em bje (homo conomicus), bh f whh h be ghe fm bje.

ag F, he e f he -b e be f he f h ve

be he m effeve w , me e ee e he e

v. i em f eg f he f ve e j he fwg emk

fm Jme m ef: [h]e ek f wh he he unity f hg, whe he whe wh

he e me he be em unication.

30

the e f ve he qe fhe e f c emg he e f e ge e fm f vew

efe e wh he gm meh: he m w f beg e, eee f he e

eme m ffee gm f e wk.31

i h mehg h deee ege he wk f F h ee h he ee h

hh gm . the oe, he a, he te, he bje, he bje, e ve,

b g eef , , ve, bjev, bjeee he


7/8

Maurizio lazzarato

gve . a eh m whh e ee ee f h e

fm, fm he eg he.32 Jme he f kwege kg he F geege f , m, e kwege. Whee

he M hege ee w e, F em hee kwege

g he mme, g he eg effe f we, whh be ke

b , he e f Mm.33

F, eh m m, g be e bewee hg he h f

h gm g w eh e ebg w f beg gehe beg

g (h v me, e v M he) h - mveme

e he e f eemeg wh.34 a mveme, ke eeme, ke eve em

e, hve me e, ffee e; be, f eme, he me me he e e

f he e f , be e e f , be bh f g, ee, e.

th w e ege h e mee qe e- fe ee

bee hee fe e he f hg be e he m.

Maurizio Lazzarato eee hhe g, e eg p. H

wk eLavoro immateriale e soggettivit (ombe e) he me ee Puissances de

linvention. La psychologie conomique de Gabriel Tarde contre lconomie politique Les rvolutions du capitalisme

(bh bhe b a E e Emhe e ee e ).


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notEs

1. Mhe H t neg,Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire, (new yk: peg pe, 2004).

2. p V,A Grammar of the Multitude, (new yk, seme(e), 2004).

3. Ge deee Fe G, What is Philosophy?(l new yk: Ve, 1994).

4. Wm Jme,A Pluralistic Universe, (l: lgm, Gee c., 1909), 79.

5. ib, 80.

6. Gv Gee,La Philosophie de Marx, (p: E t.E.r., 1995).

7. th ee f he e f v, bh Bb V, g e. Fm he e

f sm, eem mbe ee he e e-v v gge, e f

e. i bh e, e, eeve f beg mebe eqb h w f

bh bg v. t fe he -e e (whh ehe v) wh he

f gge, e e f eem me m bem ee.

8. Geg lk,History of Class Consciousness, (l, the Me pe, 1971).

9. Wm Jme, Some Problems of Philosophy, (l: lgm, Gee c., 1911), 114.

10. ib, 170.

11. tn: i Egh he g.12. Wm Jme,A Pluralistic Universe, (l: lgm, Gee c., 1909), 321.

13. Ge deee,Deux rgimes de fous, (p: E e M, 2003), 320.

14. Wm Jme, Some Problems of Philosophy (l, lgm, Gee c., 1911), 130.

15. Wm Jme,A Pluralistic Universe, (l: lgm, Gee c., 1909), 321-2.

16. ib, 321.

17. ib, 324.

18. Wm Jme,Pragmatism, (l: lgm, Gee c., 1912), 132.

19. ib, 149.

20. Wm Jme, Some Problems of Philosophy (l, lgm, Gee c., 1911), 130.

21. Wm Jme,A Pluralistic Universe, (l: lgm, Gee c., 1909), 74.

22.ib, 358-9.

23. Wm Jme, Some Problems of Philosophy (l, lgm, Gee c., 1911), 129-130.


25. ib, 148.

26. ib, 165.

27. tn: the Feh em e b Wh e be, h, , g, emb, bbe, be,fgmee, me, Je Wh, Les Philosophies pluralistes dAngleterre et dAmrique, (p: le Emhe e ee e

, 2004).

28. th e f g e wh Gbe te f he .

29. F ef f F w e: se, te, p Bh f he B, ee

M l B Bem: f m, h://me.m.e/B-

Bem-, ee 4 J 2010.



32. Ge deee Wh dispositif?, tmh J. amg (e.) Michel Foucault: Philosopher, (l: Hvee

Whehef, 1992), 162.

33. Mhe F,Il faut dfendre la socit, (p : Gm - se, 1997), 15.

34. see he 5 f M l,Les Rvolutions du capitalisme (p: le Emhe e ee e , 2004) whee

i keh gh f hee ew m. B h m, evehg ef be e.

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