PARLIAMENT

Elizabeth managed to work with Parliament for most of her reign

Religious compromise began to deteriorate late in her reign

Problems with PuritansTwo grievances

retention of Catholic ceremony & vestments continuation of the episcopal system

Puritans… 2 grievances Worked through Parliament to create an

alternative national church with semiautonomous congregations

Elizabeth refused to concede anything that lessened the unity of the Anglican Church and her control of it

More extreme Puritans…Congregationalists 1593: Conventicle Act …conform or exile

JAMES I 1603-1625

1ST Stuart king (King of Scotland) Believed he ruled by divine right Quarrels with Parliament

money religion

Accomplishments King James Bible 1611

CHARLES I 1625-1649

CHARLES AND PARLIAMENT

..firm believer in divine right

..too much pride and no common sense

..always needed $$$ - War with France/Spain..Parliament refused to give him $$ - he dissolved it.

..1628: Petition of Right

..1629: Charles dissolved Parliament

..1629-1640: king ruled w/o Parliamentresorted to all sorts of fees and finesunpopularity grew greater each year

The Petition of Right

No jail without due causeNo taxes without Parliament’s consent No housing soldiers in homes without

the owner’s consentNo martial law in peacetime

What ideas seem familiar to you? Why might this document have additional meaning?

TOWARDS CIVIL WAR

Religious policies• Puritans fled England• William Laud appointed Archbishop of Canterbury• Laud forced Scottish Presbyterians to follow the Anglicans

1641: Parliament passed laws limiting the power of the king

1642: Charles & 400 soldiers stormed Commons to arrest 5 Puritan leaders. “ I see that the birds have flown.”• Then Charles Flees!

CIVIL WAR 1642-1649Cavaliers v. RoundheadsNew Model Army

Oliver Cromwell

100,000 casualties Parliament tries to disband NMA.

Cromwell and NMA expel H of C.

Execution of the king January 30, 1649 “Behold the head of a

traitor.” 1st time a king faced public

trial and official execution

“The question in dispute between the King’s party and us was whether the King should govern us as a god by his will , and the nation be governed by force by beasts; or whether the people should be governed by laws made by themselves and live under a government derived from their own account.”

THE COMMONWEALTH

Cromwell ruled as “Lord Protector”• “You are no Parliament,

I say you are no Parliament, and I will put an end to your sitting.”

Reformed society• Puritan laws (First

constitution) Merrymaking and

amusement illegal Oliver Cromwell died

in 1658 Richard…”Tumbledow

n Dick” ruled til 1660

IRELAND

Irish began rebelling after the death of Charles I

Cromwell led a Protestant army to Ireland in August, 1649

Drogheda all 9000 residents massacred

Irish lands given to English soldiers Northern counties set aside as English

property 616,000 Irish…1/2 the population

perished between 1641 and 1652

CHARLES II AND THE RESTORATION

King 1660-1685 drama and poetry more moderate

issues with Parliament…money and religion1670: Treaty of Dover1679: Habeas Corpus Actno legitimate childrendeathbed conversion to Catholicism

POLITICAL PARTIES

WHIGS -

TORIES

JAMES II• King 1685-1688• Antagonized even his

firmest friends• Announced that Catholics

could hold government posts

• Stationed 13,000 soldiers outside of London

• June 1688: son born to James and Mary of Modena…a Catholic

The birth of political parties

TORIES: those who supported the king…

WHIGS: those who opposed James…

THE TWO PARTY POLITICAL SYSTEM IN BOTH THE U.S. AND BRITAIN HAS ITS ROOTS IN THIS CONFLICT

GLORIOUS REVOLUTION OF 1688

English Protestants terrified at the idea of a Catholic king

James had two Protestant daughters from his 1st marriage

Whigs and Tories invited the eldest, Mary, and her husband William of Orange to overthrow James II

WILLIAM AND MARY

• Landed in England in November 1688

• James’ troops deserted James and joined William

• James fled to France• 1689: Parliament

asked William and Mary to rule as joint sovereigns

WHO HAD THE POWER??

Parliament William and Mary agreed to “govern the

people of England…according to the statutes of Parliament agreed on and the laws and customs of the same.”

John Locke wrote to justify the Glorious Revolution Two Treatises on Government

a contract between the ruler and the people right to life, liberty and property

ANNE…the last Stuart born February 1665 to

Catholic Duke and Duchess of York…but raised Protestant

poorly educated and sickly

married Prince George of Denmark

5 children and 12 miscarriages

Act of Settlement 1701

Act of Union 1707 supported War of

Spanish Succession