Parks and climate change: all change

Claudia Carter & Mark Reed

“Nothing is permanent but change” Heraclitus

Protected areas as social-

ecological systems

1Look

beyond park

boundaries2

Policy instruments to sustain ecosystem health and

services

3

Multi-functional landscapes

Parks as complex & unpredictable social-ecological systems

Looking beyond park boundaries…

…to ordinary landscapes

Policy instruments Regulation

e.g. prohibited activities, permits, planning zones Use of financial instruments

e.g. grants, subsidies, tax breaks, user fees, taxes Building capacity and providing people with

information e.g. training; websites; research & advisory services

More flexibility in leases and uses of interim and neglected spaces e.g. urban brownfield; upgrading of low biodiversity

value land; diversification of bland parkland)

Payments for Ecosystem Services A voluntary transaction where A well-defined ecosystem service (or land use

likely to secure that service) Is being “bought” by a (minimum one)

ecosystem service buyer From a (minimum one) ecosystem service

provider If and only if the ecosystem service provider

secures provision (conditionality)

Payments for Ecosystem Services

Conclusions Sole focus on protected areas may distract from

good land use/planning more generally Environmental governance needs to be

facilitated across integrated protected and “ordinary” landscapes

Fundamental thinking about interactions between society, protected areas and the greenspace between people and parks

Contact

Claudia Carter Email: Claudia.Carter@bcu.ac.uk Twitter: @cectweet Online: http://www.bcu.ac.uk/tee/our-staff/claudia-carter

Prof Mark Reed Email: Mark.Reed@bcu.ac.uk Twitter: @lecmsr Online: www.markreed.webeden.co.uk

Slides with further information

www.iucn-uk-peatlandprogramme.org/peatland-gateway/uk/peatland-code

Video