PARKING STUDIES

SEMINAR REPORT

APRIL 2016

Submitted to

Dr A. GOWRI

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

NITK SURATHKAL

Submitted by

LAGUSANI SIVA PRASAD GOUD 13CV126

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KARNATAKA,

SURATHKAL, MANGALORE-575025

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KARNATAKA,

SURATHKAL

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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled “PARKING STUDIES” that is being

submitted by the student LAGUSANI SIVA PRASAD GOUD(13CV126) as a

part of seminar project during the even semester of 2015-16 is a record of

bonafide work carried out by them under my guidance and supervision. The

results embodied in this project report have not been submitted to any other

University or Institute for the award of any degree or diploma.

Dr. A. Gowri Dr. K. N. LokeshAsst. Professor Professor and Head

Dept. of Civil Engineering Dept. of Civil Engineering

NITK, Surathkal NITK, Surathkal

Mangalore Mangalore

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Firstly, we would like to thank the Head of Department, Dr. K.N. Lokesh for giving us this

opportunity to take up a Mini Project this semester which helped us broaden our horizons in

our field of interest.

Secondly, our sincere gratitude to Dr. A. Gowri for accepting our request to guide us over

the course of the project throughout the semester, and taking time off her busy schedule to

have frequent project discussions and continuously monitoring our work . She has been a

strong pillar of motivation and has shared her wisdom regarding the subject and general

project procedures thus molding our overall approach towards the project.

We would also like to thank Dept. of Civil Engineering, NITK Surathkal for all their support

and help.

ABSTRACT

The main aim of this project is to know about different types in parking. Normally we can see

in the multiplexes, cinema halls, large industries, and function halls there is problem they

have to go and search which line is empty and which line having place to park the vehicle, for

parking then they need workers for parking in correct position it is the money consumed

process. So to avoid this problem Car Parking System project is implemented.

This study was mainly aimed to find the present parking scenario in

the area which included parking demand, parking supply and to suggest suitable solutions to

meet the parking problems. Parking is one of the major problems that is created by the

increasing road traffic. It is an impact of transport development. The availability of less space

in urban areas has increased the demand for parking space especially in areas like Central

business district. This affects the mode choice also. This has a great economical impact.

CONTENTS Page No.

1. INTRODUCTION 6

2. LITERATURE REVIEW 8

3. DATA COLLECTION 10

4. DATA EXTRACTION 11

5. ANALYSIS OF LATERAL GAPS 13 AND

RESULTS

6. CONCLUSIONS 19

LIMITATIONS 19

REFERENCES 2

PARKING STUDIES

CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

1.1.General

One of the problems created by road traffic is parking. Not only do vehicles require street

space to move about, but also do they require space to park where the occupants can be

loaded an unloaded. The period over which a car is parked is very great compared with the

time it is in motion. The size of average parking space is 14 m2. It is roughly estimated that

out of 8760 hours in a year, the car runs on an average for only 400 hours, leaving 8360

hours when it is parked. Every car owner would wish to park the car as closely as possible to

his destination so as to minimize his walking. This results in a great demand for parking

space in the CBD and other areas where the activities are concentrated. With the growing

population of motor vehicles, the problem of parking has assumed serious proportions.

Parking control has become the chief means available to cities all over the world to

limit congestion. It is the enforcement of laws and regulations. Illegally parked cars are seen

almost everywhere. Traffic congestion is like a malignant disease and due to lack of car

parking facilities in the centre of cities, land values tend to fall. The ideal solution would be

to rebuild our cities to the requirements of the motor car age. Such proposals may be

included in a long term plan. But motor vehicles must be accommodated urgently otherwise

the consequences may be very serious resulting in the loss of business and property values.

The provision and citing of car parks should be related to the future traffic flow of the

roads that will be carrying traffic to the city or town. The wise sitting of car parks can make

it possible to increase the number of cars that can be parked in a city centre, without causing

congestion. When considering the adaptation of city centers to accommodate the motor car,

the pedestrians must also be considered. While cars are permitted to circulate our city

centers, there must be some regulation control which will give the maximum use of the

space available. This will be to the advantage of everyone concerned. Adequate planned and

organize car parking is essential to the life of our cities. The local authorities must be strong

minded on this subject. Car parks are not likely to make big profits as a business house. But

adequate car parking is a necessary part of development in a city centre and without it trade

cannot prosper.

One of the problems created by road traffic is parking. Not only do vehicles require

street space to move about, but also do they require space to park where the occupants can

be loaded and unloaded. A systematic study of the parking characteristics and demand and

regulatory measures that are possible for controlling parking is of great help to a traffic

engineer as well as town planner.

1.1 Ill-effects of Parking

1.1.1 Congestion

One of the serious ill-effects of parking is the loss of street space and the resulting

traffic congestions. The capacity of the streets is reduced, the journey speed drops down and

the journey time and delay increase. The operational cost of vehicles is thereby increased,

causing serious economic loss to the community.

1.1.2 Accidents

The maneuvers associated with parking and unparking are known to cause road accidents.

Careless opening of the doors of parked vehicles, moving out of a parked position and

bringing a car to he parking location from the mainstream of traffic are some of the common

causes of parking accidents.

1.1.3 Obstruction to Fire Fighting Operations

Parked cars obstruct the movement of fire fighting vehicles and greatly impede their

operations. They block access to hydrants and access to buildings.

1.1.4 Effect on Environment

Parked vehicles degrade the environment of the town centre. Stopping and starting of

vehicles result in noise and fumes. Cars parked into every little available space debase the

visual aesthetics and “buildings seems to rise from a plinth of cars”.

In spite of the above ill-effects, parking has to be allowed on the streets or off the

streets close to the user’s destination. The well being of the community and the town centre

demands that great thought should be bestowed with the parking needs and how best to

fulfill them.