1

The war destroyed thousands of houses, roads, bridges and farmland etc.

2

65,000,000

21,000,000

10,000,0001,000

3

About 8.5 million soldiers and 6.6 civilians were killed in the war.

War Deaths and Destruction

4

Over 10 millionOver 10 million DeadDead

5

World War I Casualties

6

The Somme American Cemetary, France

116,516 Americans Died116,516 Americans Died

7

A WWI cemetery at Ypres

8

9

a Jewish gravea Jewish grave

poppiespoppies

11

The signing of the Treaty of The signing of the Treaty ofVersaillesVersailles

The victorious nations signed treaties with the defeated ones.

The Paris Peace Conference (1919)

12David Lloyd George

Major decisions were made Major decisions were made by the ‘Big Three’ – by the ‘Big Three’ –

Georges Clemenc

eau (France)

Woodrow Wilson

(USA)

Georges Clemenceau Woodrow Wilson

Britain, France, and US. Britain, France, and US.

FranceFrance USA BritainUSA Britain

Clemenceau

Woodrow Wilson

15

Wilson’s Fourteen PointsFourteen Points 1919

• Open diplomacyOpen diplomacy

• Freedom of the seasFreedom of the seas

• Free tradeFree trade

• DisarmamentDisarmament

• National self-determinationNational self-determination

• The League of NationsThe League of Nations

Wilson

Lloyd George

17

The Treaty of Versailles (1919)The Treaty of Versailles (1919)

Germany was to:Germany was to:

To disarm and cut army to 100,000 To pay a large indemnity To return Alsace-Lorraine to France To give up some of her land and all

colonies To accept the War-guilt clauseWar-guilt clause

18

Germany after the singing of the Treaty of Versailles

Rhineland demilitarized

Saar (under LN)

East Prussia

Alsace-Lorranie

Watchmojo: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gKzZ1OwPXgk&feature=relmfu

Germany’s territorial losses:• Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France.

• West Prussia and Posen were given to Poland.

• Danzig was to be a free city under the League of Nations.

• The Saar to be under the League of Nations for 15 years.

• Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania became independent.

• Germany lost all its Asian and African colonies.

Germany was to lose all colonies

21

Germany had to disarm according to the Treaty of Versailles.

26

German cartoons in 1919.

The Allies buried Germany with The Allies buried Germany with the Treaty of Versailles. the Treaty of Versailles.

The Allies sent Germany to The Allies sent Germany to the guillotinethe guillotine.

27

Who’s To Blame?

28

• Drama

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0Mef7arxUA 09:37-12:40

• Make Germany Pay - The Big 3 (4)

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14zM9DBHuhE&feature=related

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J31vkB4IdS0&feature=related

Wilson's League for Peace - NHD 2010 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r0ldr18RnhoTreaty of V by BBC http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Usq1QwcA-KY

Why was Germany so bitter about the Treaty of Versailles?

[7]

How to read the cartoon?

DDAABB

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e1UROvdzpo8

10. Why did the Big three disagree over how to treat Germany? [7]

14. Why did the victors fail to get everything they wanted at Versailles? [7]

Remember the Treaty of Brest-

Litovsk?

35

Germany

New nations states

Russia

Rumania

Finland

Estonia

LatviaLithuania

Poland

Bulgaria

Turkey

ItalyYugoslavia

Spain

France

Portugal

Britain

NorwaySweden

Germany

Hungary

Czechoslovakia

Black Sea

Atlantic Sea

Mediterranean Sea Greece

Albania

Belgium

Holland

AustriaSwitzerland

Spanish Morocco

WWI destroyed the empires of the Russians, the Austrians, the Germans and the Turks

New countries were created after the war

The New Map of EuropeThe New Map of Europe

37

Significance? Problems?

• New tensionsNew tensions

• weak and unstable governmentsweak and unstable governments

• weak economyweak economy

• Nationalism grew strongerNationalism grew stronger

38

Wilson suggested forming a peace-keeping organization in 1918.

“I Can predict with

great certainty that

within another

generation, there

will be another world

war if the nations of

the world do not join

together to prevent

it. ”

39

Forming a Peace-keeping Body

The League of Nations was formed in 1920 to prevent warprevent war and to keep peace keep peace and resolve international conflictsand resolve international conflicts.

How far could the Treaty of Versailles be justified? [8]

44

The Rise of Women’s Social Status

Women played an important role in the war.

45

Women worked in munitions factories.

46