GS3-1 Make in India is a mere slogan (bhargav)(make in india / defence procurement)--> Pm despite his ambitious make in India announcement followingn legacy of past several decades in defence procurements import-dependent, risk-averse and corruption-riddled which will just improve atmospherics of the Prime Ministers high-decibel visits and immediate military preparedness--> The defence budget is 13 per cent of the Central governments total expenditure, and almost 2 per cent of the GDPcurrent defence deals:- - $10 billion worth with russia after several years- over $3 billion deal approving long pending purchase of Apache and Chinook helicopters.- 36 Rafale fighters from Dassault through a government-to-government dealA missing military-industrial complex / India case - ours is only large democracy without a robust military-industrial complex- India accounted for 15 per cent of the volume of global arms imports in the previous five years. In terms of financial value India was only second to Saudi Arabia in 2014 on military purchases from the global bazaar (as per Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) )china case- Indias imports are three times that of China, which in the early 1990s took a dramatic turn towards indigenisation after following a pattern very similar to that of India. - Between 2010 and 2014, China also turned into a major exporter of arms, increasing exports by 143 per cent over the period. - China is the worlds third-largest military exporter today; India does not even figure in the top ten- even if stolen from foreign countries and reverse-engineered, China has rapidly built itself a very robust military-industrial complex.problems- lack of military industrial complex - The big-ticket purchases announced in world capitals are taking away a major pie from the capital budget of the Ministry of Defence (MoD). - most of the capital budget is going towards committed liabilities payment for contracts concluded in the past (In 2014-15, 93 per cent of the capital budget went into committed liabilities, leaving just 7 per cent for new purchases)- A committee under Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, then scientific adviser to the defence minister, had recommended that India should look at increasing its defence acquisition from within India from 30 per cent to 70 per cent by 2005. The year was 1995. However, today indigenous acquisition is still hovering around 35 per cent. solutions:-- The best leverage would have been to deploy money spent in the international bazaar into rapidly building the domestic military manufacturing base- to allow Indian private sector into defence contracts (FDI limit has also been raised to 49 per cent.)- creation of a robust military-industrial complex would require an overhaul of higher education to create well-trained manpowerA 10-member committee set up by the MoD in May this year to evolve a policy framework for facilitating Make in India in the defence sector has come up with several recommendations. they are1. most significant recommendations is that Make in India should not end up being assemble in India with no IPR (intellectual property rights) and design control2. The MoD expert committee has now suggested that 2027 should be the target year to achieve 70 per cent self-reliance.============Q1GS3-5 The fires in 2016 (Bhargav)(Internal security )ISIS:- - Unlike westerners Indian Mulsim youth attracted to ISIS is far less / negligibly low- Islamic religious leaders unanimously condemned ISIS which is a plus pointJammu & Kashmir- Combine Kashmir with Isis-like sentiments sponsored by Pakistan or Indias political imbecility and you get more chaos.The Maoist rebellion- there is steady erosion of territory, leadership, cadres and influence across eastern, central and southern India on account of the massive presence of paramilitary and police personnelNorth-east India: - Assam as an ethno-religious tinderbox undermining great strides made to dampen rebellion- Manipur remains a conflict and humanitarian nightmare where state and non-state players alike hold this resource-rich gateway province hostage to great greed for influence and deliberate poverty of ideas.- The peace process in Nagaland is a welcome development, but it could dangerously backslide if rebel groups and the current political leadership fail to reach accommodation in 2016.solution:- delivery of the criminal justice system, livelihood security, basic healthcare, access to clean water, education and connectivity in every wayQ8After Paris, promises to keep--> It s an important pact concluded by 196 countries to put the world on the track to sustainable development. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is held in the French capital paris so it is called paris conference --> The ultimate objective is to ensure that all carbon emissions are turned into net zero at some point beyond 2050, upon which no man-made greenhouse gas emissions will be a net addition to the atmosphere they will be captured in some manner. -It could bring about a fundamental shift in the development paradigm- Important answers will naturally depend on how willing the West is to pay for clean development in India and around the worldHighlights/ proposals:-to adopt policies that can speedily remove carbon from the energy mix- stop the degradation and destruction of forests, conserve water resources, improve resilience in agriculture, and - help communities adapt to the destructive impacts of climate-related events that will be unavoidable in the coming years.- What emerged in the Paris Agreement is a regime for all countries to voluntarily reduce their reliance on fossil fuels. They would do this through quantified, measurable actions forming nationally determined contributions (NDC). - nations facing severe climate threats demanded a tighter goal of pegging temperature rise at 1.5C.- Nations to ensure form part of their national communications to the UNFCCCIndias stand:-- India has welcomed the Paris Agreement on climate change but Indias argument rested primarily on the principles of equity and common but differentiated responsibilities which are enshrined in the convention- historical greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from industrialised countries have already occupied two-thirds of the carbon space in the atmosphere, continually warming the atmosphere and leaving little room for India and other emerging nations to grow with some level of unavoidable emissions, especially from coal-fired power plants.- space for emissions that remains is of the order of 1,000 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide until the end of the century so now it should be given to those who were deprived of the benefits of the Industrial Revolution. - rich countries should aid the transition of the developing world to a green economy, providing funds, encouraging innovation and transferring technology.- demand for a decadal review of NDC compliance did not succeed (the UNFCCC will scrutinise them every five years)- Transparency, which is not the strongest virtue in Indias governance, is a specific requirement under Article 13 of the pact. developed nations stand:-- developed countries that have been dragging their feet to come up with at least $100 billion a year in special climate funding to help developing countries, mainly towards adaptation needs.- between now and 2020, India will need to flesh out the promises that it has made in the Intended NDC submitted to the UNFCCC, including the actions to be taken to help vulnerable communities adapt to climate change. IPCC REPORT- The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) will provide a special report in 2018 on the impacts of global warming of 1.5C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways.- The IPCC report on this, sought by many vulnerable countries, particularly island nations, is certain to lead to a fresh wave of citizen action worldwide against fossil fuel companies and their financial investors, with implications for India.solutions:-(A) Scaling up solar power- the most prominent is the scaling up of renewable energy capacity to 175 gigawatts (GW) by 2022, of which solar power will form 100 GW (up from the current level of about 4 GW).- fabrication of solar cells and production of modules need a dramatic Make in India plan - State electricity grids should be required by law to introduce transparent, well-functioning, feed-in tariffs for rooftop solar installations (which Japan has done in recent years), and to amend building codes to make it mandatory for all new constructions.(B) Decarbonising travel- transport sector which accounts for about 14 per cent of national emissions. - Decarbonising this sector and increasing its efficiency needs strong mandates for State governments, requiring them to comply with standards of minimum performance. - Carbon emissions from passenger transport are likely to rise at the rate of six per cent a year.--> plan to trap carbon through expansion of forests and massive tree-planting could transform rural communities if it can combine livelihood opportunity in the form of social forestry produce.--> On the corporate side, all financial investments and lending should conform to a sustainability code, to ensure that they do not end up adding to carbon emissions.