Parent -Adolescent Relationships By: Courtney Dornier
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Transcript of Parent -Adolescent Relationships By: Courtney Dornier
Parent -Adolescent RelationshipsBy: Courtney Dornier
Research question:How do parent-adolescent relationships
affect adolescent development?
Parenting styles
Family structure
Gender of parent and adolescent
Communication
What can affect the relationship?
Parenting Styles: Mirror what is communicated toward the child by the
parent(s)
Authoritative, Authoritarian, and Permissive
Has a huge effect on emotion regulation; such skills on emotion regulation are acquired through parent-child interactions and relationships Emotion regulation-the process of initiating, avoiding, inhibiting,
maintaining, or modulating the occurrence, form, intensity, or duration of internal feeling states, emotion-related physiological, attentional processes, motivational states, and/or behavioral concomitants of emotion in the service of accomplishing affect-related biological or social adaptation or achieving individual goals
Authoritative parenting: High levels of control and high
levels of warmth
Adolescents who have authoritative parents will more than likely have better self-regulation and more control over their emotions
Authoritarian parenting: High levels of control
and low levels of warmth
These parents are considered demanding and unresponsive
Demand consequences without explanation- “Because I said so, that’s why!” Children of authoritarian parents may have lower
self-esteems or may engage in aggressive behavior
Permissive parenting: High levels of warmth
and low levels of control
Adolescents of permissive parents often lack verbal and behavioral control
Adolescent often controls the parent
the parent may try to punish the adolescent & he/she is not taken seriously
Parenting styles summed up:
Gender of parent and adolescent:
Studies propose that parents do adopt different parenting styles Fathers typically choose authoritarian Mothers typically choose authoritative
The way a child perceives a parent’s choice of parenting also differs among boys and girls Boys view fathers as: authoritarian Boys view mothers as: authoritative/permissive Girls view fathers as: authoritative Girls view mothers as: authoritative/authoritarian
Family Structure: Ordinal position, sibling spacing, sibling
gender, family size Research findings suggest:
Poorer parent-adolescent relationships are more common for middle children when compared to first-borns
Sibling spacing has more of a negative effect on boys rather than girls
Father-closeness is is found to be lower for girls in families of four or more children
Higher level of parental intrusiveness for only children when compared to first-borns
Communication: Includes:
sensitivity and responsiveness toward child Attunement/being engaged Creates attachment-secure or insecure
Affects child’s social and cognitive development Attachment leads to the relationships he/she will have
with peers later on, and how he/she will see him/herself Balance:
Individual competence should be encouraged while still maintaining a tie to keep from engaging in deviant behavior
Over time, parents and adolescents must re-evaluate their relationship
Communication continued… Why should parents and adolescents re-evaluate their
relationships? Eventually they will need to reach middle-ground where there is
still control but granting the adolescent freedom at the same time This will encourage individuality within the adolescent Slowly granting those freedoms will likely keep the adolescent from
engaging in deviant behavior
Conclusion What areas of adolescent development are affected by
these parent-adolescent relationships? Emotion regulation Sense of self Individuality Behavior
Parenting styles and communication have more of an effect on parent-adolescent relationships than gender and family structure, although gender does play a part in parenting styles chosen
Recipe for positive relationships and development:
Authoritative parenting style- there is equal balance of warmth and discipline
Respond appropriately to the adolescent’s needs and show much sensitivity; be engaged as much as possible; develop a secure attachment, where the child feels a sense of worth and can feel love by and for others
Maintain a healthy balance between controlling the adolescent and letting him/her have freedom to decide what’s best for them
Further research: Find out more about why fathers are most likely to
choose authoritarian and mothers choose authoritative
Limitations for family structure do more research using different variables to see if there is a direct cause and effect between family structure and parent-adolescent relationships
Think beyond parenting styles, family structure, gender and communication. What else?
References