Parasites of commercial fish es as bioindicators of marine pollution: A preliminary study
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Transcript of Parasites of commercial fish es as bioindicators of marine pollution: A preliminary study
Parasites of commercial fishes as
bioindicators of marine pollution:A preliminary study
Ana Pérez-del Olmo, Mercedes Fernández, Francisco E. Montero, Juan Antonio Raga & Aneta Kostadinova
Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology
University of Valencia, Spain
Vertimar 2005
External anomaliesLength-weight relationshipsDetoxifying enzymesHematological valuesHistopathologyPollutant concentrationParasitism
Bioindicators in marine organisms
Bioindicators in marine organisms
External anomaliesLength-weight relationshipsDetoxifying enzymesHematological valuesHistopathologyPollutant concentrationParasitism
Parasites as Bioindicators Transmission through trophic webs (Marcogliese
& Cone, 1997)
Alteration of parasite´s environment (Khan, 1987)
Life cycles shorter than those of their hosts
Heavy metal accumulation (Sures, 2003)
More parasitic than free living species (MacKenzie, 1999)
“Exxon Valdez” (Alaska)24.03.1989
“Amoco Cadiz” (France)16.03.1978
Boops boops (Bogue – Boga)
Micromesistius poutassou
(Blue whiting – Lirio)
AimTo investigate the medium-term impact of the oil spill from the “Prestige” using
pre- and post-spill information on parasite infections from two commercial
fish.
“Prestige” oil spill
13.11.2002
2980 km affected
Micromesistius poutassouFamily Gadidae
aa
MesopelagicSmall crustaceans (euphausiids, amphipods). Large individuals may prey on fish and cephalopods
3000 m
160 m30 – 400 m
Vigo
60 fish: 2000 & 2004Micromesistius poutassou
Vigo
DigeneaDigenea(benthic-neritic)(benthic-neritic)
NematodaNematoda(pelagic)(pelagic)
Distribution of abundance
Before After Mean SD CV (%) Mean SD CV (%)
Significance
NEMATODA 16.9 8.7 51.5 9.3 6.4 68.7 *** Anisakis simplex ( Rudolphi, 1809) 16.8 8.7 51.7 8.9 6.4 71.3 *** Hysterothylacium aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802) 0.1 0.3 259.3 0.3 0.7 190.0 ns DIGENEA 3.0 3.1 102.1 0.8 1.0 135.5 ** Stephanostomum spp. 2.7 3.1 112.4 0.7 1.0 147.9 * Prosorhynchus crucibulum (Rudolphi, 1819) 0.3 0.6 218.7 0.1 0.3 315.9 ns
Boops boopsFamily Sparidae aaaaaaaaaa
Inshore Waters (1 - 200 m)Demersal or semipelagic above various bottoms Omnivorous (young mostly carnivorous, adults mostly herbivorous)
Malpica
Vigo
OndarroaOndarroa
120 fish: 2001 & 2004Boops boops
2001-2004 2001
2001
Parasites of Boops boops
Total: 26 metazoan parasites
Isop. Copep. Monoge.
Nematod.
Acantho.
Cestod.
Digen. Total
Vigo 1 - 1 2 - - 10 14
Malpica 1 1 - 1 2 - - 10 14
Ondarroa 1 - 2 2 - - 8 13
Malpica 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 16 26
Before Vigo After Malpica 2Malpica 1 Ondarroa
8.831.6 361.57235.8 4.171.8 36.7027.7 5.001.2 56.2329.5 4.231.4 52.0744.7
Before
After
Parasite richnessmean SD
Parasite abundance
mean SDMalpica (M2)Malpica (M1)
Vigo (V1)Ondarroa (O1)
Parasite Communities
0
50
100
150
Samples
P (%)
M2 M1 V1 O1
ns
***
Monoxenous parasites: Prevalence
direct cycle-ectoparasites
Prevalence of monoxenous by group
Monoxenous parasites: Species richness
ns
***
ns
***
Monoxenous parasites: Abundance
MONOXENOUS PARASITES (direct cycle-ectoparasites)
HETEROXENOUS PARASITES(indirect cycle-endoparasites)
Ratio Sm/Sh
Diamant et al. (2003)
ns
***
0,000,050,100,150,200,250,300,350,400,450,50
Samples
Sm/Sh
M2 M1 V1 O1
PAHsImmunosupression
ELEVATED LEVELS OF MONOXENOUS INFECTIONS
Gill hyperplasiaExcessive mucous secretionCoagulation of mucus
Haensy et al. (1982): Amoco Cadiz oil spill Moles & Wade (2001): experimental studyKhan (1990; 2003): experimental & field studies
Pollution & Parasites
increase
Immunosupression
EctoparasitesEctoparasites Endoparasites
decrease
Interruption of life cycles
MacKenzie (1999), Khan (2003)
* No substantial perturbation of the benthic intermediate hosts
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Samples
No. I nd.
M2 M1 V1 O1
ns
***
Heteroxenous parasites: Abundance
Heteroxenous parasites: Species richness
ns
***
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Samples
No. sp.
M2 M1 V1 O1
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0 2 4 6
Mean no. of sp.
Mea
n no
. of i
nd.
Still …
3 Atlantic3 Mediterranean
Future research
Parasitism Length-weight relationshipExternal anomaliesHematological valuesHistopathologyPollutant concentration
Thanks are due to:Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (APO
holds a FPU grant and MF holds a “Ramón y Cajal” contract)
Fundación Azti (Sukarrieta), IIM (CSIC)Pescados Rivas (Fisterra), Lonjas de Bueu
y RibeiraUnidad de Zoología Marina (ICBIBE,
Universitat de València)
Thanks for your attention!
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prevalencia abundancia
Micromesistius poutassou