The Aristocrat

Presenting……

Parachute

Mashrur Wasity Shovon

BUBT 

IntroductionA parachute is a device used to slow the movement of a

personor object as it falls or moves through the air.

They are most commonly constructed of high-strength fabric. These lightweight and low-volume instruments develop a large surfacearea and significant drag upon deployment.

There are two basic types of parachutes. One is a dome canopy andthe other is the rectangular parafoil, or ram-air canopy, consisting ofa series of tubular cells.

There are a number of different types of parachutes designedfor different applications.But in basic sense, a parachute is neither made for travel and sports,it was created to increase safety while descending from a certainaltitude.It is a medium to delay the pull of gravity from earth when deployedform higher altitude.

History The oldest parachute design appear in a manuscript from 1470.

Although the surface area of the parachute design is too small to be effective, the design is quite similarly with the modern shape of parachutes .

The current design, the backpack parachute was invented in 1911. It contained also the ripcord, a quick release mechanism who allowed users to control the exact moment of releasing the parachute .

The first record public jump with a parachute was made by Louis-Sebastien Lenormand (inventor of modern parachute) in France in the year 1783.

Soldiers using parachute in World war 2

Design and materials

A parachute is made from thin, lightweight fabric, support tapes, and suspension lines. The lines are usually gathered through cloth loops or metal connector links at the ends of several strong straps called risers.

The parachute slows its load sufficiently to prevent it from breaking on impact with the ground.

Parachutes were once made from silk, but recently they have been made from more durable woven nylon fabric, sometimes coated with silicone to improve performance and consistency over time. When square (also called ram-air) parachutes were introduced, manufacturers switched to low-stretch materials like Dacron, or zero-stretch materials like Spectra, Kevlar, Vectran, and high-modulus aramids.

Materials Used to Make Parachute

NylonNylon fabric for parachutes is woven in a specialized manner withextra thick threads to create a pattern of small squares.Advantage: Most common material; exceptionally strong, fabric has good elasticproperties (elongation)Disadvantage :Sensitive to UV exposure; melts at high temperatures.

Kevlar :Very strong and durable; does not melt or burn;

abrasion resistant.Disadvantage:Very little fiber elongation; sensitive to UV; abrasive fabric;

difficult to manufacture.

• Silk• Early parachutes canopies were made of canvas, but silk was

later utilized because it is thinner, better resistant to wind, resistant to fire and much easier to fold. Silk was used as early as the 1790s when parachute pioneer Jean-Pierre Blanchard began to make parachute canopies out of the fabric. Silk remained a popular material in parachute manufacture up until World War II, when silk imports became expensive and difficult to obtain, leading to the development of nylon parachute canopies.

SpectraSecond-strongest parachute material; lowfriction; commonly used for suspension lines; low density.Disadvantage :Almost no fiber elongation; loses tensile strength at temperaturesover 200°F; difficult to sew during parachute production.

Types of parachutes Round parachute

The original and simplest form of parachute

Extended skirt parachute

Variation of round parachute

Shaped parachute Modern variation of a round parachute where the sum of the gore

angles is less than 360°; resembles a semi sphere or cone when inflated.

The pyramid parachuteThe pyramid parachute was conceptualized and designed by

Leonardo da Vinci during the 1480s in Milan. It has a square bottom frame with a canopy attached and supported by light wood.

Ram-air parachuteMost modern parachutes are self-inflating "ram-air" airfoils known

as a parafoil that provide control of speed and direction similar to paragliders.