Paracetamol information ppt

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By: Milan Padariya

http://paracetamol-information.blogspot.in

PARACETAMOL INFORMATION

WHAT IS PARACETAMOL?Generic Name:Paracetamol

Commonly called as:PCM

Alternate Name:Acetaminophan

How it is pronounce?

Paracetamol:par + RA + cet + a + MOL

Acetaminophan:a + SEET + a + MIN + oh + fen


WHAT IS PARACETAMOL? ContinueParacetamol is commonly prescribed to relieve pain and fever. Proper mechanism of action is not know for Paracetamol.

Paracetamol treats following condition/s:

1. Headache2. Fever and Cold3. Muscle ache4. Arthritis5. Backache6. Toothache


WHAT IS PARACETAMOL? ContinueImportant Note: It is not used to treat Inflammation and Swelling of joints.

Paracetamol has poor evidence to relieve fever in children. It is mainly sold in combination with other ingredients in cold medicines. It is most common medicine for fever and pain in USA, Europe and Asia.


IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT PARACETAMOLSo many companies are producing paracetamol under various brand names. It is not possible to mention whole list of brand name in this post.

WHO has recommended dosage of paracetamol. Dose would be different for adult and children. It is dangerous to take this medication more than recommended dosage.

For ADULT:1 gram (1000 mg) per dose, 4 gram (4000 mg) per day


IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT PARACETAMOL ContinueMore use ofParacetamolleads to serious injury to your liver. While taking paracetamol consult yourdoctor if you are alcohol addicted. Alcohol with paracetamol cause alcoholic liver diseases faster than only alcohol do.

Currently in market Paracetamol is blended with other medicines. Without consulting your doctor or pharmacist do not take any medicines having Paracetamol as one of the ingredients.


IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT PARACETAMOL ContinueSometime intentionally orAccidentallymultiple dose of those medicines leads to overdose ofParacetamol. Overdose of Paracetamol causes severe liver damage.

Important Note: Taking more than 4000 mg daily dose of Paracetamol cause severe damage of liver and kidney functions.


HOW TO USE PARACETAMOL?Use Paracetamol as directed in label on strip. you can consult your doctor or pharmacist about it.

This product is available in following dosage form:

Tablet (Normal):Take with water and swallow whole tablet at once.

Tablet (Disintegrating):First disintegrate whole tablet in glass of water and drink it. Make sure your hand must be dry while handling disintegrating tablet.

Tablet (Chew-able):Chew tablet throughly till it disappear in mouth.

Tablet (Extended Release):Swallow whole tablet with water. Do not break extended release tablet while taking it.


HOW TO USE PARACETAMOL? ContinueTablet (Effervescent):Dissolve whole tablet in glass of water and drink it.

Effervescent Granules:Dissolve one packet of granules in glass of water and drink it.

Syrup/Suspension/Solution:Take directed dose in teaspoon or tablespoon. if you need water, drink half glass of water after taking medicine. if your dosage form is suspension, you need to "SHAKE WELL BEFORE USE". if it is in syrup or solution form do not need to shake.

Powder:Dissolve powder in glass of water and drink it.http://paracetamol-information.blogspot.in

HOW TO USE PARACETAMOL? ContinueSuppository (Rectal):Put suppository into rectum. it will melt on body temperature. Clean your hand before or after handle suppository.

Capsule:Swallow whole capsule at once with water. Do not take of powder from capsule.

Intra-Venous (I.V.) Injection: This dosage form will be given by Registered Medical Practitioner only.http://paracetamol-information.blogspot.in

HOW TO USE PARACETAMOL? ContinueThere are many brands of Paracetamol available in Pharmaceutical market. Before taking paracetamol read dosing leaflet carefully. If you need to give paracetamol to the child make sure that medicine must be meant for pediatric (child) use only.

Important Note 1: Do not break tablet and use.

Important Note 2: Do not touch capsule if your hand/s are wet.

Important Note 3: Self injection may create serious problems.


PARACETAMOL USED IN CHILDRENAs I earlier said that before using paracetamol in children make sure that product must be meant for pediatric (Child) use only. Use paracetamol to treat fever and pain in children over two months old. High dose (650 mg) not recommended for patient younger than 16 years.

Before giving paracetamol to the children read information leaflet carefully comes along with medication.http://paracetamol-information.blogspot.in

PARACETAMOL USED IN CHILDREN ContinueThe correct dose of paracetamol on children based on following three things.

1. Child's Age2. Child's Weight3. Strength of Paracetamol in medicine

Recommended dose for children is 10-15 mg per kg of body weight. For example: If weight of children is 10 kgs. dose should be within 100 to 150 mg (10 X 10 to 15 X 10 mg). this dose can be given for every 4-6 hours and maximum 4 times a day.


PARACETAMOL USED IN CHILDREN ContinueImportant Note 1: Do not give paracetamol to child below 2 months.

Important Note 2: First prefer syrup or suspension while giving to the children.

Important Note 3: Consult your doctor or pharmacist before given to the children.

Important Note 4: If wight of child is less than 5 kgs or more than 40 kgs, consult your doctor or pharmacist before given to the child.


RECOMMENDED DOSE OF PARACETAMOLWHO has recommended dose for paracetamol in adults and children of all ages. following are the standard dose:

For Adult:500 mg to 1 gram. this dose is required after every 4-6 hour. Maximum 4 dose during day. (2 gram to 4 gram per day).

For Children:Aged 12-16 years:480 - 750 mg required after every 4-6 hours. Maximum 4 dose during day.

Aged 10-12 years:480 - 500 mg required after every 4-6 hours. Maximum 4 dose during day.http://paracetamol-information.blogspot.in

RECOMMENDED DOSE OF PARACETAMOL ContinueAged 8-10 years:360 - 375 mg required after every 4-6 hours. Maximum 4 dose during day.

Aged 6-8 years:240 - 250 mg required after every 4-6 hours. Maximum 4 dose during day.

Aged 4-6 years:Up to 240 mg required after every 4-6 hours. Maximum 4 dose during day.

Aged 2-4 years:Up to 180 mg required after every 4-6 hours. Maximum 4 dose during day.http://paracetamol-information.blogspot.in

RECOMMENDED DOSE OF PARACETAMOL ContinueAged 6 months-2 years:Up to 120 mg required after every 4-6 hours. Maximum 4 dose during day.

Aged 3-6 months:50-70 mg required after every 4-6 hours. Maximum 4 dose during day.

Aged 2-3 months:40-60 mg required after every 4-6 hours. Maximum 4 dose during day.

Below 2 years:Not Recommendedhttp://paracetamol-information.blogspot.in

RECOMMENDED DOSE OF PARACETAMOL ContinueFor Example:Children's marketed paracetamol comes in suspension form. it has 250 mg paracetamol in 5 ml. If age of child is between 6-8 years and weight is 18-20 kgs. Recommended dose for child aged 6-8 years is 240-250 mg per 4-6 hours, hence 18-20 X 10-15mg = 180-300 mg per one dose.

Each 5 ml contains 250 mg of paracetamol, So dose will be 5 ml required for every 406 hours and maximum 4 times per day.http://paracetamol-information.blogspot.in

RECOMMENDED DOSE OF PARACETAMOL ContinueChilds Weight120 mg per 5 mL250 mg per 5 mL5 kgs or lessConsult DoctorConsult Doctor6.5 kgs4 mL2 mL8 kgs5 mL2.5 mL10 kgs6 mL3 mL15 kgs9 mL4.5 mL20 kgs12 mL6mL30 kgs18 mL9 mL40 kgs25 mL12 mLMore than 40 kgsConsult DoctorConsult Doctor


RECOMMENDED DOSE OF PARACETAMOL ContinueImportant Note: For fever and pain management dose of Paracetamol will be same for children and adult.

If you take paracetamol in regular basis and miss the dose, either consult your doctor or pharmacist or skip the missed dose.

Important Note: If you missed dose, don't take missed dose with next dose. It may cause heartburn, Nausea and Vomiting.http://paracetamol-information.blogspot.in

RECOMMENDED DOSE OF PARACETAMOL ContinueFollowing are the first sign of paracetamol overdose:

Loss of appetiteNauseaVomitingStomach painConfusionWeaknessSweatinghttp://paracetamol-information.blogspot.in

RECOMMENDED DOSE OF PARACETAMOL ContinueAlso you will suffer from some later symptoms like,

Pain in upper stomachDark urineYellowing of skinWhitening your eyeshttp://paracetamol-information.blogspot.in

SIDE EFFECTS OF PARACETAMOLIf paracetamol is taken in recommended dose, it is safe medicine for adult but if dose exceed to limit it will cause some of side effects as following.

Liver Damage:Overdose of paracetamol often causes liver damage (Moderate to Severe). In western world, Paracetamol toxicity is the foremost cause of liver failure. According to US FDA during 1990's 56000 emergency room visit, 26000 hospitalization and 458 death were reported in United States of America due to overdose of paracetamol.http://paracetamol-information.blogspot.in

SIDE EFFECTS OF PARACETAMOL ContinueSkin Reaction:A new warning about paracetamol was issued by US FDA on 2nd August, 2013 that it may cause skin reaction very rare but overdose of paracetamol may convert it in to moderate to severe.

Except normal skin reaction it was reported that following two problems may be occurred due to overdose of paracetamol.

Steven-Johnson SyndromeToxic Epidermal Necrosis


SIDE EFFECTS OF PARACETAMOL ContinueOther some usual side effects are as follow:

NauseaVomitingStomach painLoss of appetitedark urineYellowish skin

Some studies state that there is a relationship found between paracetamol and slight increase in kidney cancer.

Important Note: If you found any of these symptoms after having paracetamol, consult your doctor or pharmacistimmediatelyhttp://paracetamol-information.blogspot.in

PRECAUTION SHOULD BE TAKEN BEFORE USING PARACETAMOLDo not give paracetamol to children below 2 months without asking doctor. Paracetamol in children is weight based dosing so special precaution should be taken incalculationof dose.

Paracetamol is safe for old age patients but still you should take care about dose calculation of paracetamol in old age patient.

Paracetamol by oral route categorized in Category B by FDA during pregnancy. so it is safe to use paracetamol during pregnancy but you should take care about dose and you should consult your doctor or pharmacist before taking it.http://paracetamol-information.blogspot.in

PRECAUTION SHOULD BE TAKEN BEFORE USING PARACETAMOL ContinueParacetamol by intravenous (I.V.) route categorized in Category C by FDA during pregnancy. Studies state that it will cause harmful effect to unborn child during pregnancy. you should take care about dose and route of administration of paracetamol use during pregnancy.

You should take precaution if you are lactating woman (Breastfeeding Woman). Paracetamol excreted in breast milk but in small quantity. American Society of Pediatrics categorized as safe drug for lactating woman. But you should take care before having paracetamol.

Precaution should be taken if you are alcoholic and having liver related diseases.

If you are currently associated with use of other medicines, while taking paracetamol you should take care about it.


PRECAUTION SHOULD BE TAKEN BEFORE USING PARACETAMOL ContinueDo not take dose of paracetamol if you are allergic to it. If you have any other allergies like of food, preservatives, or animals, consult your doctor or pharmacist before taking paracetamol.

Special precaution should be taken if you have kidney related problems while taking paracetamol.

Some brand of paracetamol contains aspartame so if you have Phenlyketonuria (PKU), you should take special precaution.

Important Note: Do not take paracetamol without asking your doctor or pharmacist. Hence it is practiced as OTC product in some countries, it is harmful to take it without asking your doctor or Pharmacist.


PARACETAMOL INTERACTION WITH OTHER MEDICINESParacetamol interactions with other medicines have been classified into three following categories:

1. Major Drug Interaction:It is suggested that it may be harmful if paracetamol taken with other medicines. It is highly clinically significant. Avoid this combination. Risk is very high

2. Moderate Drug Interaction:It is moderately clinically significant. Studies suggest that you should usually avoid this combination. Risk is moderate.

3. Minor Drug Interaction:It is minimally clinically significant. Risk is very low if paracetamol taken with medicines.


PARACETAMOL INTERACTION WITH OTHER MEDICINES ContinueFollowing 12 drugs have been found to have Major Drug Interaction with Paracetamol:

1. Alcohol (Ethanol)2. Alcohol 5% in Dextrose 5%3. Alcohol and Dextrose Injection USP4. Amyl Nitrate / Sodium Nitrate5. Leflunomide6. Teriflunomide7. Epinephrine8. Cyanide Antidote Kit9. Prelocaine10. Lidocaine Topical11. Mipomersen12. Lomitapide


PARACETAMOL INTERACTION WITH OTHER MEDICINES ContinueSomeAnti-Convulsant drugshaving interaction with Paracetamol like:

1. Amobarbital2. Butalbital3. Pantobarbitol4. Phenobarbital5. Secobarbital6. Carbamazepine

With these Anti-Convulsant drugs paracetamol will increase risk of liver damage.http://paracetamol-information.blogspot.in

PARACETAMOL INTERACTION WITH OTHER MEDICINES ContinueNon Narcotic Analgesic likeDiflunisalhaving interaction with paracetamol. it increase level of paracetamol in plasma by 50%.

Isoniazid,A typical Anti-Tuberculosis drug having drug interaction with paracetamol.

Warfarin,A blood thinner interact with paracetamol and increase risk of uncontrollable bleeding.

Certain cholesterol lowering agent likeCholestyraminedecrease the pharmacological effect of paracetamol.


OVERDOSE OF PARACETAMOLWhen paracetamol is taken under direction of doctor or under recommendation it is extremely safe medicine.

Paracetamol overdose may be due to single intentional or accidental one time overdose. one main reason behind it is multiple consumption of medicines having paracetamol. Specially in over the counter product.

Some drug like Carbamazepine, Phenobarbital, Primidone, Rifampicin etc. alter the metabolism of paracetamol and it may cause overdose of paracetamol. A person who is taking more or more of these drugs. avoid use if paracetamol.http://paracetamol-information.blogspot.in

OVERDOSE OF PARACETAMOL ContinueSimply 10-15 gm indigation of paracetamol may cause overdose and it may cause severe effects as following:

1. Anorexia2. Paleness3. Nausea4. Vomiting5. Irritability6. Sweating7. Stomach Pain8. Abdominal Pain9. Liver Damage10. Kidney Damage


OVERDOSE OF PARACETAMOL ContinueTreatment of Overdose of Paracetamol

If you think you had multiple dose of paracetamol more than recommended dose, you should inform to your doctor or pharmacist or do immediate contact of nearest hospital.

Immediate action towards paracetamol overdose is necessary. if you see symptoms of nausea and vomiting, not consider as overdose of paracetamol.http://paracetamol-information.blogspot.in

OVERDOSE OF PARACETAMOL ContinueN-Acetylcystein may be prescribed for primary treatment of paracetamol overdose. Mark my words this antidote only effective before 24 hours of overdose. After 24 hours it will not effective.

If case is severe than Hepatic functions failure may be reported and supportive care for liver will be started. In case of liver failure transplantation may be necessary.http://paracetamol-information.blogspot.in

PARACETAMOL USES1. FeverIt is widely prescribed to relieve fever in person of all ages. Paracetamol is prescribed in children if temperature is greater than 38. 5 Celsius or 101.3 Fahrenheit.

2. PainIt is also prescribed to relieve mild to moderate pain.

3. OsteoarthritisSome studies state that paracetamol is also used to treat arthritis pain of knee, hand or hips.

4. Lower Back PainIt is first line treatment of lower back pain.


PARACETAMOL USES Continue5. HeadacheSwiss, Austrian and German headache societies state that Paracetamol with caffeine is also used in Headache. In India paracetamol is also prescribed to relieve headache. Paracetamol is also used to relieve migraine in some countries.

6. ToothacheSome studies show that paracetamol is also used in pain of tooth.

7. Menstrual Period PainParacetamol is often prescribe with Dicyclomine Hydrochloride or Mefenamic Acid to relieve pain during menstrual period.

8. Cold / Flu PainParacetamol is also prescribed with Anti-Cold medicine to relieve Cold / Flu Pain.


PARACETAMOL MARKETED WITH OTHER DRUGS1. Paracetamol + Diclofenac Sodium + Serratiopeptidase

2. Paracetamol + Aceclofenac

3. Paracetamol + Ibuprofen

4. Paracetamol + Nimesulide

5. Paracetamol + Dicyclomine Hydrochloride

6. Paracetamol + Mefenamic Acid


PARACETAMOL MARKETED WITH OTHER DRUGS Continue7. Paracetamol + Caffeine

8. Paracetamol + Aceclofenac + Tizanidine

9. Paracetamol + Domperidone

10. Paracetamol + Promethazine

11. Paracetamol + Diclofenac Sodium

12. Paracetamol + Tramadol


PARACETAMOL MARKETED WITH OTHER DRUGS Continue13. Paracetamol + Cetrizine + Phenylpropanolamine

14. Paracetamol + Diclofenac Potassium + Serratiopeptidase + Magnesium Trisilicate

15. Paracetamol + Diclofenac Potassium + Chlorzoxazone

16. Paracetamol + Chlorpheniramine Maleate + Phenyleprine

17. Paracetamol + Tramadol + Domperidone

18. Paracetamol + Ibuprofen + Serratiopeptidase


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