8/10/2019 Papers(I5I) 2003

1/18

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BackgroundSince the ancient time until today, mankind has experienced growth

in e ery period o! time passed" #uman ci ili$ation has progressed until now"

During de elopment, humans li e a li!e dependent on !arming and

agriculture" %ith the li!e orientation, human &eings always try to maintain

and preser e the en ironment as well as possi&le in order to maintain the

continuity o! human li!e as well"'nd in time, human de elopment has experienced the industrial

re olution, human li!e is dependent on the !ields o! industry" %ith li!e

orientation, the agricultural world was slowly deteriorated" The alues o!

human li!e underwent a change, especially in human interaction with the

en ironment" The changes that occurred resulted in &oth positi e and negati e

impacts"One e!!ect o! the industrial re olution has happened and still

continues at the present time in the li!e and human ci ili$ation is its impact on

the existing en ironment around the man himsel!" (xpansion e!!orts made &y

industry players such as the construction o! !actories and manu!acturing production with a large capacity to the exclusion o! concern !or its impact on

the en ironment are slowly &ut surely ha e resulted in omissions, which in

turn will harm the en ironment in which human li es and human li es"(n ironmental experts ha e !ound indications o! the &iggest

impacts on the en ironment and the glo&al world due to e!!orts &y industry

and has grown this !ast" This negati e impact is warming the world and o!ten

Page 1 of 18

8/10/2019 Papers(I5I) 2003

2/18

re!erred to as )lo&al %arming" #owe er, the pro&lem o! glo&al warming as

an en ironmental issue is still de&ated its truth &y se eral parties who thinks

)lo&al %arming is a reason that was created to limit the rate o! industrial

growth" 'lthough there is still de&ate a&out the truth o! the )lo&al %arming

situation among experts that en ironment, &ut the pro&lem o! )lo&al

%arming is not &e denied to &e researched and explored !urther in the

continuity o! human li!e"*or that, a paper that made this will show and explain the truth

a&out this glo&al warming pro&lem with studies &ased on literature !rom

arious sources o! relia&le and competent" Discussion and explanation which

would &e re iewed !rom the perspecti e o! those pros and cons o! the party"

This paper will present the !acts which rein!orce the existence o! this glo&al

warming pro&lem"1.2 Goal

)eneral purpose o! the holding o! this research is to determine the

extent to which glo&al warming is already happening and why"'ll this is still a +uestion !or humans &ecause until now still not

getting the exact cause o! glo&al warming and man also wanted to seek the

truth a&out the e!!ects o! glo&al warming that will &e experienced &y humans

or li ing &eings and the impact on the en ironment"I! glo&al warming is happening, then the e!!ects are not only

experienced &y humans, &ut also all li ing things around it, increasing the

temperature at (arth s sur!ace causing drought, thus the result o! this drought

than experienced &y humans are also animals and plants where the plants will

&e wilting due to water shortages and so !orth"

Page 2 of 18

8/10/2019 Papers(I5I) 2003

3/18

There!ore, through this research is expected to reduce human

acti ities that can contri&ute to glo&al warming, such as holding greenhouse

acti ities, com&ustion o! su&stances that can cause temperatures at (arth s

sur!ace increases, and others"

C#'-T(R .DISCUSSION

2.1 Understanding Global War ing

Understanding o! glo&al warming is increasing the (arth s a erage

temperature as a result o! the accumulation o! heat in the atmosphere caused &y

the )reenhouse (!!ect" )reen house gas e!!ect are !ound in (arth s atmosphere

that works similar to a greenhouse that ser es to hold the hot sun in it !or the

temperature inside the greenhouse remains warm, so the plants in it too will &e

a&le to grow well &ecause it has a pretty hot sun" The heat !rom the earth that

should &e re!lected &ack into space, held &ack &y the greenhouse gases contained

in the atmosphere" These gases include car&on dioxide and methane"

)lo&al warming is the increasing incidence o! the a erage

temperature o! the atmosphere, ocean and land earth" 't this time the earth is

Page 3 of 18

8/10/2019 Papers(I5I) 2003

4/18

warming rapidly" 'ccording to meteorological experts, during the last hundred

years, the a erage temperature has increased !rom /0oC to /0"1oC" 2ore accurate

measurement results &y the meteorological station data and satellite measurements

since /304, showed that the ten warmest years occurred a!ter /356, the three

hottest years occurred a!ter /336" 7uantitati ely, the alue o! changes in (arth s

a erage temperature is small &ut the impact is remarka&le !or the en ironment"

The main cause o! glo&al warming is the &urning o! !ossil !uels, like coal,

petroleum and natural gas, which release car&on dioxide and other gases such as

methane, Chlorine, Sul!ur and so !orth" The release o! these gases has caused the

emergence o! a phenomenon called the )reenhouse (!!ect 8green house e!!ect9"

The greenhouse e!!ect occurs &ecause the gases are released !rom

the &urning o! !ossil !uels is like a greenhouse" )reenhouse gases are passed

shortwa e radiation !rom the sun s radiation, &ut will hold the re!lection o! solar

radiation, which a!ter reaching the sur!ace o! the earth, trans!ormed into long

wa e radiation" During the sun shines, there will &e accumulation o! radiation so

that the temperature inside the greenhouse will &e more heat"

2.2 CAU!E! "# G$"BA$ E%E&T WAR'I&G Green(ouse E))ect

)lo&al warming 8glo&al warming9 is &asically a

!enomenapeningkatan glo&al temperature !rom year to year &ecause o! the

greenhouse e!!ect 8greenhouse e!!ect9 caused &y increased greenhouse gas

emissions" The literature shows increasing glo&al temperatures : including

Page 4 of 18

8/10/2019 Papers(I5I) 2003

5/18

Indonesia : which occurs in the range o! /"0 to ;6 Celsius &y the end o! the

./st century"

These gases a&sor& and re!lect &ack the radiation wa es emitted &y the

(arth and conse+uently the heat is stored in the (arth s sur!ace" This

happens repeatedly and result in annual a erage temperature o! the earth

continues to rise" These gases !unction as glass in a greenhouse" %ith the

increasing concentration o! these gases in the atmosphere, the more heat is

trapped underneath" 'ctually, this greenhouse e!!ect is needed &y all li ing

things on earth, &ecause without it, this planet will &ecome ery cold" So

the ice will co er the entire sur!ace o! the (arth" #owe er, due to the

amount o! these gases ha e &een excessi e in the atmosphere, glo&al

warming conse+uences"

!olar %ariation

There is a hypothesis which states that the ariation o! the Sun,

with a possi&ility rein!orced &y !eed&ack !rom clouds, can contri&ute to

current warming" The di!!erence &etween this mechanism with the

warming due to greenhouse e!!ect is the increased acti ity o! the Sun

would heat the stratosphere re erse the greenhouse e!!ect will cool the

stratosphere" Cooling the lower stratosphere has &een o&ser ed at least

since /316, which will not occur when the solar acti ity &ecomes the

ma

8/10/2019 Papers(I5I) 2003

6/18

had gi en the warming e!!ect !rom pre:industrial times until /306, and the

cooling e!!ect since /306 "

I *act o) Global War ingIncreasing glo&al temperature is expected to cause changes in

other:peru&ahanyang such as increasing the intensity o! extreme weather

phenomena weather, tinggipermukaan sea water, loss o! &eaches,

agriculture, wildli!e and kesehatanmanusia"

Scientists predict that during glo&al warming, the area o! Utaradari

Northern #emisphere 8Northern #emisphere9 will heat up more than

daerahdaerahlain on (arth" 's a result, ice&ergs will melt and the mainland

akanmengecil" %ill &e less ice will !loat in the waters o! the North"

Daerahdaerahyang pre iously experienced light snow, may not &e

mengalaminyalagi"In the mountains in su&tropical areas, snow:co ered section would

semakinsedikit and will melt !aster" -lanting season will &e longer in

&e&erapaarea" Temperatures in the winter and at night would tend to warm

untukmeningkat"Daerah will &ecome more humid as more water

e aporates darilautan" Scientists ha e not &een so sure whether the

humidity is e en akanmeningkatkan or reduce the warming e en !urther"

This dise&a&kankarena water apor is a greenhouse gas, so that its

presence will meningkatkane!ek insulation in the atmosphere"

#owe er, the water apor cloud akanmem&entuk also more than e er, so it

will re!lect light mataharikem&ali into space, where this will reduce the

high pemanasan"=elem&a&an process will increase rain!all, on a erage,

Page 6 of 18

8/10/2019 Papers(I5I) 2003

7/18

a&out /> to each degree *ahrenheit warming" 8Rain!all in the entire world

telahmeningkat &y / percent in the last hundred years"9 The storm will &e

le&ihsering" In addition, the water will e aporate more +uickly !rom the

soil"

's a result some daeraakan &ecome drier than &e!ore" %inds will &low

harder danmungkin with di!!erent patterns" Cyclonic storm 8hurricane9 that

memperolehkekuatannya o! e aporation o! water, will &e larger"

Denganpemanasan opposite happens, some periods o! ery cold weather

may &e ter area o! Aangladesh, and many islands" (rosion o! cli!!s, &eaches,

and &ukitpasir will increase" %hen the high seas to reach the mouth o! the

ri er, !looding due to water

Page 7 of 18

8/10/2019 Papers(I5I) 2003

8/18

pairs will increase in daratan"Negara:rich countries will spend huge !unds

!or melindungidaerah shorelines, while poor countries may only &e

melakukane akuasi !rom the coastal region" ( en a modest rise in sea

le el will sangatmempengaruhi coastal ecosystems" Increase o! 06 cm 8.6

inches9 will menenggelamkanseparuh o! coastal marshes in the United

States" New marshes also akanter&entuk, &ut not in ur&an areas and areas

that ha e &een &uilt" =enaikanmuka sea would co er much o! the *lorida

( erglades"

In addition to the existence o! glo&al warming sea sur!ace temperatures

&ecome le&ihhangat, thus increasing the pressure on marine ecosystems

such as coral ree!s and white yangmen

8/10/2019 Papers(I5I) 2003

9/18

8/10/2019 Papers(I5I) 2003

10/18

16 percent i! temperatures rise"

Other tropical diseases also can &e spread like malaria, sepertidemam

dengue, yellow !e er, and encephalitis"

The scientists also memprediksimeningkatnya incidence o! allergies and

respiratory diseases due to more air pollutants hangatakan reproduce, mold

spores and pollen" ugameningkat skin cancer" -ersistent heat wa e can

cause disease dankematian" *loods and droughts increase hunger and lack

o! nutrition" )e

8/10/2019 Papers(I5I) 2003

11/18

and /0 years !rom now the whole !orest in Indonesiatidak will remain and

that s when we all can no longer &reathe clean air"

Other impactsE

?oss o! arious types o! &iological di ersityIncreased !re+uency and intensity o! rain storms, hurricanes, and

!loods2elting o! polar ice and glaciers in Increased num&er o! potential dry land into desert &ecause o!

prolonged drought Increase in sea le el causing extensi e !looding" In the year ./66 is

estimated sea le els rise &y /0:30 cm"Increase in sea water temperatures cause coral &leaching 8coral

&leaching9 and damage to coral ree!s around the world"Increased !re+uency o! !orest !ires"Spread o! tropical diseases, like malaria, into new areas &ecause o!

the increasing population o! insects 8mos+uitoes9"Certain areas &ecome crowded and congested due to re!ugee !lows"

2.+ Global War ing !olutions/" %inter heating

%inter heating, the next largest component, is addressed throug high e!!icience!urnaces, ductwork mitigation 8in remodel, retro!it9, passi e solar, winter sun,"summer shading, insulation, solar thermal hot air

systems, and solar thermal hot water heater systems"

In Cali!ornia, with )o ernor Schwar$eneggerFs new Aioenergy

initiati e, soon there will &e a market !or recycled pellet !uels in $ero

emission !urnaces like those presently in use in (urope !or home

heating and domestic water heating"

These sustaina&le !uels will replace natural gas in the !uture as !uel

&ecomes more plenti!ul in the U"S" O er @6 million homes use

Page 11 of 18

8/10/2019 Papers(I5I) 2003

12/18

recycled &iomass !uel pellets in (urope at this time" This is sa ing

&illions o! cu&ic !eet o! gas and emission per year" The !uel is !rom

the waste stream and is a sustaina&le resource"

." 'ppliances

%e ad ocate a concept utili$ing Smart (lectronsG" Technology is

ad ancing now so rapidly that e ery @:; years the e!!iciency o!

e+uipment impro es &y @6> to 06>" 't the high cost o! energy it

makes sense to e aluate your appliances e ery 0 years and see i! it is

cost e!!ecti e to change them especially i! you are contemplating

adding an energy intensi e appliance like a pool, porta&le acu$$i, etc"

's part o! our system we e aluate all electric and gas appliances and

choose the appropriate high e!!iciency appliances that meets the

clients aesthetic and design criteria"

(nergy Star appliances are !rom .0> to @66> more e!!icient than

con entional appliances" These (nergy Star appliances and e!!icient

#H'C e+uipment each allow more use!ul work to &e done !or each

kilowatt o! electricity used" This is what we call using Smart (lectrons

G"

@" -arasitic ?oads

(xamples o! parasitic loads are electronics and appliances that use

power when they are not doing any use!ul work" Tele isions, satellite

recei ers, computers, printers, !axes, routers, Instahots, water coolers,

ice machines, are a !ew de ices that use power when they are in an

Page 12 of 18

8/10/2019 Papers(I5I) 2003

13/18

idle mode" %e ha e a num&er o! e!!ecti e techni+ues !or reducing and

eliminating parasitic loads"

' &ill is in the Cali!ornia legislature to re+uire manu!acturers to

declare parasitic loads 8also known as HampiresJ9, and to eliminate

them &y .6/6" This would not &e di!!icult &ut it would re+uire an

extra microprocessor or a programma&le onKo!! !unction"

*or now, we ha e methods to gi e the client choice as to when they

use e+uipment to cut parasitic loads &y 06> to /66>"

;" %ater #eating

%ater is a silent and largely o erlooked ma e!!icient

hy&rid water heaters" %e also ad ocate new heat reco ery systems

that take hot water !rom shower drains and use it to preheat cold water

on the input side o! the water heater" These systems could sa e /6> to

/0> o! energy use during high demand periods"

In the !uture &iomass:pelleti$ed !uel will &e a sustaina&le, recycled

energy source !or home hot water heating and other home and

community power needs" These systems are in extensi e use in

(urope now" These are highly e!!icient systems with ery low to $ero

emissions"

Page 13 of 18

8/10/2019 Papers(I5I) 2003

14/18

8/10/2019 Papers(I5I) 2003

15/18

second"

This raw energy is in part captured &y li ing plants, which use the

process o! natural photosynthesis to con ert that energy into usa&le

power !or their growth" -lants store much o! that energy as oil seed

and are sometimes har ested !or the purpose o! extracting the oil !or

use in human industry as ethanol and &iodiesel"

Solar -hoto oltaic power, -H, is an arti!icial way !or humans to use

the energy o! the sun &y con erting it into electricity with solar panels

and laminates"

The process o! creating photo oltaic de ices and installing them

re+uires a signi!icant up!ront cost" Ay using Solar -H though, the

owners are actually prepaying their electricity as a hedge against the

staggering growth o! cost in money, pollution, and green house

emissions produced !rom electricity otherwise purchased o!! the grid"

%ith prop design, scale, and warranty, todayFs clean -H systems will

displace those costs during the use!ul li!etime o! the installation"

%e know that the up!ront monetary cost solar -H power can &e

&rought down &y scaling the amount o! panels needed a!ter energy

e!!icient impro ements are made in the property, which reduces the

amount o! work the -H system will ha e to do" It is less expensi e to

reduce each watt o! demand than it is to create a watt o! generation"

5" #y&rid -lug in Hehicles: 'lternate *uels

#y&rid plug in electric ehicles are an essential part o! the glo&al

Page 15 of 18

8/10/2019 Papers(I5I) 2003

16/18

warming solution" This is especially true when plug:ins are charged

&y locally produced energy !rom Solar -H systems, which eliminates

)lo&al %arming gas emissions caused &y !uels &urned &y the utilities

to produce electricity on the grid"

The second essential part o! this solution is use o! locally produced

alternati e !uels such as &iodiesel and ethanol !rom local recycled

home cooking oils, local produce waste, recycled home waste etc"

#omes should &e designed to anticipate these new applications"

3" Recycling in the #ome

It is important to make the residences recycling !riendly" Recycling

home cooking oils, paper, plastic, compost green waste, and metals

should ha e a sanitary simple drop style system this is ad ocated !or

all homes" This will lower impact on the sewerage system and land!ill"

Disposal and reduction o! solid waste is an important )lo&al %arming

solution"

Recycling o! gray water, collecting it in a tank and oxygenating and

recycling onto suita&ly accepta&le plantings is a high alue solution"

Page 16 of 18

8/10/2019 Papers(I5I) 2003

17/18

C#'-T(R III

CONC?USIONS 'ND SU))(STIONS

@"/ CONC?USION

)lo&al warming has &ecome a pro&lem that &ecame the !ocus o! mankind" 'nother

phenomenon is not caused &y man s own actions and their impact su!!ered &y human

&eings" To cope with glo&al warming take a ery hard &usiness &ecause it is almost

impossi&le to &e resol ed at this time" )lo&al warming is indeed di!!icult to

o ercome, &ut we can reduce the e!!ect" Com&ating this is our awareness o! li!e on

earth in the !uture" I! we ha e &een instilling this lo e the earth, glo&al warming is

only a dark history that e er happened on this earth"

@". 'DHIC(

?i!e &egan !rom li!e on earth long &e!ore the creatures li ing there" There!ore

to maintain and preser e this earth must &e a !ew decades i! we think a&out it"

Up on one side where the earth was old and &egging !or us to maintain and

melstarikannya" ?et us work hand royang to sa e the earth which has gi en us

this per!ect li!e" Stop glo&al warming"

Page 17 of 18

8/10/2019 Papers(I5I) 2003

18/18

AIA?IO)R'-#M

Randle,Damian"/33@"Natural Resources"New MorkEThomson ?erning

%e&sites

#TT-EKKN(%S"AAC"CO"U= #TT-EKK%%%")OO)?("CO2

Page 18 of 18

http://www.google.com/http://www.google.com/