Paper1 Pooja Lamba

8/12/2019 Paper1 Pooja Lamba

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PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF MICROSTRIP PATCH

ANTENNA

ABSTRACT

In this paper a microstrip patch

antenna of resonant frequency 5.3GHz,

has been designed. Then switches are

incorporated in the patch to analyze its

performance by varying switch

dimensions.

INTRODUCTION

Microstrip patch antenna has narrow

bandwidth. Reconfigurability feature

overcome this drawback.

Reconfigurable antennas are a new

generation of antennas that will not be

limited to a certain function or

resonance but will change their

functionality depending on the

implementation requirements.

Compared to broadband antennas,

reconfigurable antennas offer many

advantages, such as compact size,

similar radiation patterns for all

designed frequency bands, and

frequency selectivity which helps in

reducing adverse effects like co-site

interference and jamming. A frequency

reconfigurable antenna has the

capability to change its resonant

frequency adaptively.

Reconfigurability can be achieved

either by mechanical tuning or

electronic tuning. Pins, posts, stubs,

give rise to mechanical tuning whereas

the varactor and switching diode

embedded in the patch and optical

control of PIN diode impedance can be

use for electronic tuning. In this paper

the diodes are modeled as thetransmission line. First an antenna is

designed and then the effect of

switches on the return loss, BW,

VSWR and radiation pattern has been

analysed. The objective of this work is

achieved as:

1. Design of patch antenna at5.3GHz.

2. Effect of variation of length ofswitches.

3. Effect of variation of width ofswitches.

4. Effect of variation of thicknessof switches.

1. DESIGN OF MICROSTRIPPATCH ANTENNA

A microstrip patch antenna is

designed at frequency 5.3GHz.

The substrate material is

FR4_epoxy of and

substrate thickness of .5mm.


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The design of antenna is shown

in Fig 1. The return losses,

VSWR, radiation pattern are

shown in Fig 2-5. As observed

from the figure the return loss

achieved is -25dB and the

BW=168.3MHz.

(a): Front view

(b): Side view

Fig1: Patch Design

Fig 2: Return Loss

Fig 3: Radiation Pattern ( = 0)

Fig 4: Radiation Pattern ( = 90)

Fig 5: VSWR2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00

Freq [GHz]

-30.00

-25.00

-20.00

-15.00

-10.00

-5.00

0.00

dB(S(LumpPort1,LumpPort1))

Ansoft Corporation HFSSDesign1XY Plot 3

CurveInfo


Setup1:Sweep1

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

90

60

30

0

-30

-60

-90

-120

-150

-180

150

120

Ansoft Corporation HFSSDesign1Radiation Pattern 1

CurveInfo

max(dB(rETheta))

Setup1: LastAdaptive

1.90

2.30

2.70

3.10

90

60

30

0

-30

-60

-90

-120

-150

-180

150

120

Ansoft Corporation HFSSDesign1Radiation Pattern 2

CurveInfo

max(rETotal)

Setup1: LastAdaptive

2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00Freq [GHz]

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

45.00

dB(VSWR(LumpPort1))


CurveInfo

dB(VSWR(LumpPort1))

Setup1:Sweep1


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2. EFFECT OF VARIATIONOF LENGTH OF

SWITCHES AND THEIR

NUMBER

To obtain electronic

reconfigurability a switch is

introduced in the patch as

shown in Fig 6. The size of the

switch is varied in terms of

length, l width, w and

thickness, t. First the effect of

length of the switch is taken

into account and it is varied for

minimum return loss and then

increasing the number of

switches for optimizing return

loss. The width of 1m,

thickness of 70m for switch is

kept constant.

Fig 6: Patch with Switch

The length of switch is varied from 2

mm to .01 mm. The return loss for one

switch for length 2mm, 1.5mm, 1mm,

.5mm, .1mm, .05mm, .02mm, .01mm

is shown in Fig 7-14. Then the number

of switch is increased to two and return

loss is measured for same dimensions

of length of switch i.e. 2mm, 1.5mm,

1mm, .5mm, .1mm, .05mm, .02mm,

.01mm. The procedure is repeated for

3 to 20 switches. The Table-1 shows

the return loss for various switch

length and their number.

Fig 7: Return Loss for 1 switch of l = 2mm

Fig 8: Return Loss for 1 switch of l = 1.5mm

2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00Freq [GHz]

-35.00

-30.00

-25.00

-20.00

-15.00

-10.00

-5.00

0.00



CurveInfo


Setup1:Sweep1

2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00Freq[GHz]

-30.00

-25.00

-20.00

-15.00

-10.00

-5.00

0.00



CurveInfo

dB(S(LumpPort1,LumpPort1))Setup1: Sweep1


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Fig 9: Return Loss for 1 switch of l = 1mm

Fig 10: Return Loss for 1 switch of l = .5mm

Fig 11: Return Loss for 1 switch of l = .1mm

Fig 12: Return Loss for 1 switch of l =

.05mm


.02mm

2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00Freq[GHz]

-25.00

-20.00

-15.00

-10.00

-5.00

0.00



CurveInfo


2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00Freq[GHz]

-25.00

-20.00

-15.00

-10.00

-5.00

0.00



CurveInfodB(S(LumpPort1,LumpPort1))

Setup1: Sweep1

2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00Freq [GHz]

-25.00

-20.00

-15.00

-10.00

-5.00

0.00



CurveInfo


2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00Freq[GHz]

-25.00

-20.00

-15.00

-10.00

-5.00

0.00



CurveInfo


2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00Freq [GHz]

-25.00

-20.00

-15.00

-10.00

-5.00

0.00

dB(S(LumpPort1,LumpPo

rt1))


CurveInfo



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.01mm

The minimum return loss obtained by

variation of the length and the number

of switches is -48.1 dB as shown in Fig

15 for 3 switches and switch length l =

1.5mm.

Fig 15: Return Loss for l=1.5mm for

3 switches

3. EFFECT OF VARIATIONOF WIDTH OF SWITCHES

AND THEIR NUMBER.

The width of the switch is now

varied. The length and

thickness are kept constant at

1mm and .07mm respectively.

The variation in width is for

dimensions- 1m, 2m, 5m,

10m, 20m, 50m. the

number of switches are varied

in each case up to 4. The return

loss for 1 switch with various

width values are shown in Fig

16-21. Then 2 switches are

incorporated for all the

dimensions and so on for 3 and

4 switches the width of the

switches is varied.

Fig 16: Return Loss for 1 switch of

w=1m

2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00Freq[GHz]

-25.00

-20.00

-15.00

-10.00

-5.00

0.00


rt1))


CurveInfo


2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00Freq [GHz]

-50.00

-40.00

-30.00

-20.00

-10.00

0.00


Ansoft Corporation HFSSDesign1

XY Plot 1

CurveInfo


2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00Freq [GHz]

-35.00

-30.00

-25.00

-20.00

-15.00

-10.00

-5.00

0.00



CurveInfo


Setup1:Sweep1


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w=2m


w=5m


w=10m


w=20m

2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00Freq [GHz]

-25.00

-20.00

-15.00

-10.00

-5.00

0.00

dB(S(LumpPort1,LumpPort1

))


CurveInfo


Setup1:Sweep1

2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00Freq [GHz]

-16.00

-14.00

-12.00

-10.00

-8.00

-6.00

-4.00

-2.00

0.00

dB(S(LumpPort1,LumpPor

t1))


CurveInfo


Setup1:Sweep1

2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00Freq [GHz]

-35.00

-30.00

-25.00

-20.00

-15.00

-10.00

-5.00

0.00

dB(S(LumpPort1,LumpPort1

))


CurveInfo


Setup1:Sweep1

2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00Freq [GHz]

-15.00

-10.00

-5.00

0.00

dB(S(LumpPort1,LumpPor

t1))


CurveInfo


Setup1:Sweep1


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w=50m

4. EFFECT OF VARIATIONOF THICKNESS OF

SWITCHES AND THEIR

NUMBER.

After the variation in the

length, l and width, w of the

switches, the thickness, t, is

varied next.

Fig 22: Return Loss for t =70m

The various values of thickness

taken are - 70m, 50m, 25m,

10m, 5m. The return loss for

these values is shown in Fig

22-26.



2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00Freq [GHz]

-12.00

-10.00

-8.00

-6.00

-4.00

-2.00

0.00



CurveInfo


Setup1:Sweep1

2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00Freq [GHz]

-35.00

-30.00

-25.00

-20.00

-15.00

-10.00

-5.00

0.00


rt1))


CurveInfo


Setup1:Sweep1

2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00Freq[GHz]

-25.00

-20.00

-15.00

-10.00

-5.00

0.00

dB(S(LumpPort

1,LumpPort1))


CurveInfo


2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00Freq [GHz]

-20.00

-15.00

-10.00

-5.00

0.00

dB

(S(LumpPort1,LumpPort1))


Curve Info

dB(S(LumpPort1,LumpPort1))Setup1 : Sweep1


8/10



CONCLUSION

The effect of the switch dimensions

and their number on return loss has

been analyzed. Switching induces

reconfigurability.

REFERENCES

[1] Ghanshyam Singh et alDesign of Frequency

Reconfigurable Microstrip

Patch Antenna, IEEE, 2011,

pp.18-22.

[2] M.T.Ali et al A Design ofReconfigurable Rectangular

Microstrip Slot Patch

Antenna, IEEE- ICSET-2011,

pp.111-115

[3] Hetal Pathak et al UWBReconfigurable Microstrip

Antenna for Wireless Sensor

Networks Applications,

ICCSNT, 2011, pp.246-249.

[4] Nishamol M.S. et al DualFrequency Reconfigurable

Microstrip Antenna using

Varactor Diodes, IEEE-2011.

[5] Wang Xinjin, et al MEMSDual Band Frequency and

Polarization Reconfigurable

Microstrip Antenna, IITA-

ICGRS-2010, pp.51-53.

[6] Manoj Singh et al SwitchableFrequency Bands Microstrip

Antennas, IEEE- 2009.

[7] Pramendra Tilanthe, A NewDual Band Frequency

Reconfigurable Antenna,

ELECTRO-2009, pp.310-312.

[8] Y.Tawk et al A CellularAutomata Reconfigurable

Microstrip Antenna Design,

IEEE-2009.

[9] Tomaz Korosec et alVaractor-Loaded Microstrip

2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00Freq[GHz]

-15.00

-10.00

-5.00

0.00

dB(S(LumpPort1,Lum

pPort1))


CurveInfo


2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00Freq[GHz]

-0.000000020

-0.000000015

-0.000000010

-0.000000005

0.000000000


Ansoft Corporation HFSSDesign1XY Plot 1CurveInfo



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Patch Antenna with Frequency-

Tuning Capability and

Complete Polarization

Diversity, IEEE-2009, pp.80-

85.

[10] Sriram Kumar et al NovelReconfigurable Microstrip

Antenna, ICIIS-2008, pp.1-4.

[11] Shing-Lung Steven Yang et alFrequency Reconfigurable U-

Slot Microstrip Patch

Antenna, IEEE Antennas and

Wireless Propagation Letters-

2008, pp.127-129

[12] T.Wu et al AMultiband/Scalable

Reconfigurable Antenna for

Cognitive Radio Base

Stations, IEEE-2008.


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TABLE 1: VARIATION OF LENGTH vs RETURN LOSS

NO. OF

SWITCHES

L=2mm L=1.5mm L=1mm L=.5mm L=.1mm

L=.05mm

L=.02mm L=.01mm

1 -35 -26 -23 -21.5 -23.5 -22 -20.5 -20.3

2 -32 -33 -35.5 -31.9 -39 -32.2 -32.1 -36

3 -38 -48 -42.1 -43.1 -37 -36 -33.9 -35

4 -46 -40 -44 -46 -38 -40 -42.5 -45.5

5 -42.5 -38 -45.5 -40 -38 -34 -47 -40

7 - -46 -35.5 -38 -41 -38 -36.5 -47

10 - - -36 -35.5 -33.5 -39.5 -45.8 -36

12 - - -41 -36.5 -33.5 -46 -34 -38

15 - - - -40.5 -36.5 -35 -34.9 -38

20 - - - -34 -36 -46 -47 -39

TABLE 2: VARIATION OF WIDTH OF SWITCH vs RETURN LOSS

NO. OF

SWITCHES

W=1m L=1.5m L=1m L=.5m L=.1m L=.05m

1 -34.9 -22 -18 -14.9 -11 -9

2 -33 -41 -37 -28.5 -23.9 -18

3 -34 -36 -33.9 -33.2 -38 -30.5

4 -43.5 -36 -38 -54 -33 -37

Paper1 Pooja Lamba

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