PAPER BATTERY

SUBMITTED BYPRABHAHARAN E

CONTENTINTRODUCTION

FORMATION OF BATTERY

WORKING

ADVANTAGES

APPLICATIONS

INTRODUCTION• In August 2007, a research team at Rensselaer

Polytechnic Institute developed the paper battery.• It’s flexible, ultra-thin energy storage and

production device.• Formed by combining carbon nanotubes with a

conventional sheet of cellulose-based paper.• A paper battery acts as both a high-energy

battery and super capacitor.• This combination allows the battery to provide

both long-term, steady power production and bursts of energy.

INTRODUCTION• It can be folded, cut or otherwise shaped for

different applications without any loss of efficiency.

• It can be stacked in multiples of power output.• 2.5 volts of electricity from a sample the size of a

postage stamp.

FORMATION• Combining cellulose with an infusion of aligned

carbon nanotubes that are each approximately one millionth of a centimeter thick.

• These tiny filaments act like the electrodes found in a traditional battery, conducting electricity when the paper comes into contact with an ionic liquid solution.

• With no water in solution, it cannot freeze and hence operating temperature is upto -75 to 150 Degree Celsius.

CARBON NANOTUBES• Carbon nanotubes (CNTs, also known as buck

tubes) are allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure.

• Nanotubes are the members of fullerene structural family, the diameter of the nanotube is on the order of few nanometers.

CARBON NANOTUBES• These carbon nanotubes exhibit extraordinary

strength and unique electrical properties and are essential thermal conductors.

• Because of the symmetry and unique electronic structure of graphene, the structure of a nanotube strongly affects its electrical properties.

• For a given (n,m) nanotube, if n = m, the nanotube is metallic; if n-m is a multiple of 3, then the nanotube is semiconducting with a very small band gap, otherwise the nanotube is a moderate semiconductor.

MANUFACTURING• Growing the nanotubes on a silicon substrate and

then filling the gaps in the matrix with cellulose.• Once the matrix has dried, the material can be

peeled off of the substrate, exposing one end of the carbon nanotube’s to act as an electrode.

• When two sheets are combined, with the cellulose sides facing inwards, a super capacitor is formed that can be activated by the addition of the ionic liquid.

• This liquid acts as an electrolyte and may include salt-laden solutions like human blood, sweat or urine.

MANUFACTURING

WORKING• Batteries produce electrons through a chemical

reaction between electrolyte and metal in the traditional battery.

• Chemical reaction in the paper battery is between electrolyte and carbon nanotubes.

• Electrons collect on the negative terminal of the battery and flow along a connected wire to the positive terminal.

• Electrons must flow from negative to the positive terminal for the chemical reaction to continue.

WORKING

ADVANTAGES• The sheets can be rolled, twisted, folded, or cut

into numerous shapes with no loss of integrity or efficiency, or stacked like printer paper to boost total output.

• The components are molecularly attached to each other: the carbon nanotube print is embedded in the paper, and the electrolyte is soaked into the paper.

• The medical uses are particularly attractive because they do not contain any toxic materials and can be biodegradable.

ADVANTAGES• Conventional battery contains a number of

separate components, the paper battery integrates all of the battery components in a single structure, making it more energy efficient.

• No warm up time, power loss, component malfunction.

• Loss of energy while transferring power from one component to another component is less.

• Less energy lost in an integrated device.

APPLICATIONS• The paper-like quality of the battery combined

with the structure of the nanotubes embedded within - light weight and low cost.

• Cosmetic path: paper battery is set in ontophoresis patch for whitening and for wrinkles.

• Medical path: paper battery is set in iontophoresis patch. It helps to deliver functional drug i.e., local anaesthesia, antichloristic, anodyne, pace maker, etc., into the skin.

• RFID tag: paper battery is useful to use as a power source of active RFID tag.