Pantheon
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Transcript of Pantheon
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The Pantheon Rome, ItalyDrew Matthews and Cassi Lau
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The Pantheon One of the wonders of the ancient world and one of
Rome’s most popular tourist attractions
It was once used as a temple to honor all gods and now used as a Roman Catholic church
Pantheon in Greek means “to honor all gods”
The inscription on the Pantheon reads:
"M·AGRIPPA·L·F·COS·TERTIVM·FECIT” which translates to "'Marcus Agrippa, son of Lucius, Consul for the third time, built this”
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The Pantheon sits on the southern edge of
the Piazza Della Rotonda, one of the city's most famous
plazas
At the center of the plaza is a towering obelisk, which Pope Clement XI placed in
the early 1700s
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The Piazza della Rotonda with its beautiful fountain designed by Giacomo Della Porta.
The Piazza della Rotonda is a lively square filled with cafes, bars, and restaurants.
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History
Pantheon was first built by Augustus’s general Marcus Agrippa in 27 BC and later reconstructed by Emperor Hadrian in 125 AD
In 608 AD the Byzantine Emperor Phocas gave the building to Pope Boniface IV, who converted it to a Christian church, that was dedicated to “St. Mary and the Martyrs”
In the early 17th Century, Pope Urban VIII removed the bronze beams of the portico, using the bronze to construct the canopy that covers the altar at St. Peter’s Basilica
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HistorySince the Renaissance the Pantheon has been used as a tomb
The building houses the tombs of two 19th Century kings Victor Emmanuel II and Umberto I
And also serves as the burial place of the painter Raphael
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The most striking thing about the Pantheon is
the unity of the building
It is a marvel of architectural harmony
and proportion
Architecture
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Beneath the light and between the granite Corinthian columns, seven sculptures stand
These Roman gods correspond to each of the seven planets (at the time) and remain in their original spots
Architecture
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Columns
The ranks of columns consist of eight in the first
row, and two groups of four behind
The massive columns supporting the portico weigh 60 tons. Each is 39 feet tall
and 5 feet in diameter
They were made from stone quarried in Egypt
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Oculus
The opening at the top of the Pantheon, the oculus, is nearly 30 feet in diameter and was the temples only source of light
The oculus also serves as a cooling and ventilation method
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RotundaThe concrete dome is 4,535 metric tons
The top of the rotunda wall features a series of brick relieving arches, visible on the outside and built into the mass of the brickwork
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Portico
A rectangular structure links the portico with the rotunda. In the walls at the back of
the portico were niches for statues of
Caesar, Augustus and Agrippa
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The pediment was decorated with a sculpture in bronze showing the Battle of the Titans
The building was originally approached by a flight of steps. The ground level in the surrounding area has risen considerably since antiquity
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Interior
The interior of the Pantheon was painted by Giovanni Paolo Panini in the 18th century
Each zone of the interior, from floor to ceiling, is subdivided according to a different scheme. As a result, the interior decorative zones do not line up.
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Circles and squares form the unifying
theme of the interior design. The
checkerboard floor pattern contrasts with
the concentric circles of square coffers in the
dome
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Religion
It’s possible that the Pantheon had an impact on Western religion
the Pantheon appears to be the first temple built with general public access in mind
Temples of the ancient world were generally limited only to specific priests
The Pantheon existed for all the people
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The Pantheon is still used as a church today
Masses are celebrated there on important Catholic days of obligation and weddings
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Getting there…