Pankaj Kumar OjhaScholar

Department of Extension EducationInstitute of Agricultural sciences

Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi-221005 (U.P) Indiapankajojhabhu@gmail.com

To develop local perspective by becoming more responsive to local people and local situations

To evolve a methodology which could provide timely and cost effective information

To ‘break the silence’ of the poor and disadvantaged sections, recognize the value of popular collective knowledge and wisdom and legitimize the production of knowledge by the people themselves.

The right altitude: Openness Humility Curiosity Sensitivity Acceptance

The right behaviours Showing respect Being, friendly Sharing

Being patient

Interacting, not lecturing

Flexibility and innovationTaking care not to get into the not

of rigid methods and fixed jargon Allowing methods to evolve

continuously Seeking diversity

Looking for variability contradictions, among & differences rather than standardizations and averages

Facilitating -they do it

Principles and methods Benefits

From ‘they learn from us’ to ‘we learn from them’.

. From ‘we let them participate’ to ‘they take command of their own process’.

Empowering the poor and weak to assert their priorities, make demands and act.

From ‘we’ve done a PRA’ to ‘we admit being corrected by people’.

From ‘we use instruments from our toolbox’ to ‘they can map, model, estimate, score, analyse, plan themselves’.

Expression and harnessing of local diversity.

From ‘we share our knowledge analysis with them’ to ‘we enable them to learn from each other and conduct their own analysis’.

Offsetting biases: spatial, project, gender/elite, seasonal calendar.

Community participatory appraisal, planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation.

Rapid progressive learning, which is flexible, exploratory, interactive and inventive.

Triangulation: using different methods, sources and disciplines, and a range of informants in a range of places and cross checking to get closer to the truth through successive approximations.

Identification of research priorities; experts more receptive to the ability of rural poor to design, implement and evaluate.

Facilitation: to enable people to do more or all of the investigation themselves and own the outcome.

Insights gained from PRA leading to policy change.

Sharing: a culture of sharing information, methods, field experiences among NGOs, government and villagers.

Behaviour and attitudes: critical self-awareness in external facilitators, learning from errors.

A culture of open learning among govt., NGOs and community.

1.Partcipatory Mapping 2.Transect Walk 3.ITK(Indigenous Technical

Knowledge) 4.Time Line 5.Matrix Ranking 6.Seasonability 7.Venn diagram 8.Wealth Ranking

Construction of Map by the villagers Purpose

Impression and understanding on social lay out Physical structure Natural resource environment

Application Identifying Pattern of land use Identifying beneficiaries Water resources Soil conservation and forestry

Documentation Sheet Resource Map Name of location:

Kabele & Kushet Date: Name of note-taker: Total number of participants: Name of facilitator/s: Number of men: Number of women: Method used: What was good? What was difficult? Additional Information or special things you noticed

or want to point out:PRA Workshop in ____________, Date: ____________Name of note-taker ____________ _________________

Exploratory by the team and villagers

PurposeFarming practices, Cropping pattern, Physical lay out, Agro Ecosystem and cross sectional view of the village

Application Mapping Zoning area Productivity Zoning Locating ITK Locating areas to be developed

PurposeLearn, Identify, Preserve and propagateApplicationAgriculture and HealthHow?Rapport buildingIdentifying person( transect Walk ?)Exchange experienceAsk reasonsAsk sourceSamples?

Calander of historical events (person, community, village ,area etc

Who describes ?PurposeFind out sequence of EventChangesImpact with timeApplicationBackground of villageEvolution of activitiesOccurrence of Flood droughts

Rankin the preferences and attitudes, farmers priorities on verities, crops, tree ,livestock

PurposeUnderstand farmers decision makingIdentify the criteria and select certain

items(Tree, Fodder,Cattele,Breed)

Exercise to determine seasonal pattern of rainfall, farming practices, employment, work, health, food ,fodder, and fuel

Application Indicate rainfall Milk yied Grazing etc

To get villagers perspective on impact and influence of local and outside institutions in particular area

Process by which members of community determine the relative wealthiness of all members by taking in to account of ,assets, resources, income, diseased person etc

PurposeAsses and identify pattern of wealthinesIdentify Resourceful and resource poor Criteria of wealthiness