COCOA & COFFEE MASS PROPAGATION

BY ARTHUR TAPI PhD

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BY ARTHUR TAPI, PhDNestlé R&D Centre Abidjan

AGENDAAGENDA

I. PROJECTS PRESENTATION

II CHOICE OF THE VARIETIESII. CHOICE OF THE VARIETIES

III METHODS OF PROPAGATIONIII. METHODS OF PROPAGATION

IV CONCLUSIONIV. CONCLUSION

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We’re part of One-R&D

The Nestlé Research Network – 2013

Fremont

Solon

Minneapolis

King of Prussia

St. LouisQuerétaroMarysville

India

NRC Tokyo China (Beijing)

China (Shanghai)China (Xiamen)

Sderot

MinneapolisBakersfield

San Diego

St. Joseph AbidjanChina (Dongguan)

SingaporeBeverage Centre Orbe• STC Orbe• PTC Orbe

YorkAskeaton

Amiens

Santiago

Sansepolcro

Broc

SingenKonolfingen

• PTC OrbeAmiensLisieux

BeauvaisVittel

Tours

SansepolcroLausanne NRC, CRU & NIHS

Our Approach

VisionWe innovate to delight our African Consumers

beyond their expectations

Key

We recruit passionate talents and

develop them

We develop advanced raw

materials using biotechnology

We develop consumer centric

innovative products with

Drive LEAN

Innovation

Priorities in a caring working

environment

added nutritional value

ConsumerWhat are the benefits for our

consumers?

Operational Sustainability

Can we create value for society and

Nestlé along the value chain?

Innovation Sweet-spot

CommercialDo we have the commercial

capabilities to do this?

Science & TechnologyDo we have differentiating

technologies to find new solutions?

We combine advanced raw materials with differentiating technologies to deliver innovative products beyond the African consumerexpectations, while creating shared value for Nestlé and the community

Missionp , g y

Our Research Approach - Consumer Centric

• Propagation B di

• Cooking habits,

PLANT SCIENCECONSUMER UNDERSTANDING

• Breeding• Agric. performance • Biofortification

g ,Taste Preference

• Nutritional Needs• Purchasing Power

• PPP PackagingD i

• Primary Processing, Milling • Design

• New Materials• Gassing• Filling equipments

Milling• Biotransformation• Extrusion, Co-Extrusion,

Roller Drying, g q p

PACKAGINGDIFFERENTIATING & CORE TECHNOLOGIES

Coffee Propagation Project

Sustainability

• Insure the sustainable supply of

Justification :

Decline of coffee production in Ivory factories in good quality coffee.

•Participate in the renewal ofplantations and improve the production

coast.

• + 80 % coffee plantation sup 25 years.

L i ld (250 k /H )p p p(2 to 5 tons/ year)

Competitive advantage

• Low yield (250 kg/Ha)

• Low coffee production in : 

• 2000: 300 000 t• Easy to propagate coffee plants by SE

•The new varieties produce highperformant clone

• 2000: 300 000 t

• 2012 : 80 000 t

Challenges

•The choice of materials to be

Objective : Implement all the stages of the production of the coffee Robusta.

performant clone.

•The choice of materials to be propagated by Nestlé and CNRA (cup quality, yield, bean size)

I l t ti f ll th t i

p

Support the Nescafé Plan by producing 27 M plants during 5 years.

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•Implementation of all the stages in tropical humid regions (Ivory Coast).

Coffee Propagation Project

Process validation

Nature of the

materialCodes

Average Yield

(T/ha/year)

Yield in % of

control*

100 beans weight

New Clones

A 2.7 123 15.0Clones (CNRA) B 3.3 150 12.0

FRT - A 4.3 122 19.0

New Clones (N tlé)

FRT - B 4.1 117 15.0

(Nestlé) FRT - C 4.9 140 19.0

FRT - D 2.8 80 17.0Coffee embryos

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Coffee embryos

I. COCOA PROJECT

Objective To produce and distribute at least 12 million plants in 10 years from 2012 -2022 of elite varieties (high yield, disease free, good bean

lit d t t )quality and taste)

Benefit Sustainable cocoa production in Côte d’IvoireHigh quality of cocoa beansHigh quality of cocoa beansImprovement of farmer incomes and living conditionsAvoid deforestation

A l t d P ti T h lStrategy Accelerated Propagation Technology- Somatic embryogenesis- Orthotropic shoots production

Plant Material 15 varieties obtained and recommended by CNRA and 7 are selected by Nestlé (contrat 2009-2011)

88 T79/501

I. COCOA PROJECT

Social issues• Many small, poor farmers, fragmented industry

Negative image in

Untransparent supply chains, farmers not

• Dependence on family labour• Social infrastructure such as schools and clean water is lacking

image in media

Stagnatingp pp y ,rewarded for quality • Impossible to trace cocoa back to farm level• Difficult to communicate with farmers

Stagnating cocoa production

Poor agricultural practices• Leading to low yields, high loss due to disease, poor quality

cocoa, low prices • Vicious circle of low income – no money for inputs – low yields -

poor quality

Farmers • Vicious circle of low income – no money for inputs – low yields -...

Aging trees• 60% of farms between 11-30 years, 20% older than 30 years

leaving cocoa

y , y• Availability of good planting stock is often limited in cocoa origins

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II. CHOICE OF THE VARIETIES

7 varieties are selected for propagation and will be distributed to farmers(After the combination of these criteria)

Clones selected Productivity ES capacity Weight of 100 RottenClones selected Productivity(Kg/Ha/year)

ES capacity(% of success)

Weight of 100 dry beans ( g )

Rottenpods (%)

CI 01 2991,2 47 100 2.5CI 02 2219 5 90 5CI 02 2219 5 90 5CI 03 2533,7 25 104 2.5CI 06 2292,8 4 170 3CI 07 2047,4 6 130 3CI 12 1464 7 125 9CI 14 2255,4 20 100 7

Before SE plants distributionBefore SE plants distributionEvaluation of SE plants conformity (multilocal trials with CNRA)Demo-plots

1010

DIFFERENT PROCESS TO PRODUCE COCOA PLANTS

III. METHODS OF PROPAGATION

SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS PLANTLETS FROM LABORATORY MET

MET

DIFFERENT PROCESS TO PRODUCE COCOA PLANTS

Solid process

ORTHOTROPIC SHOOTS FROM CLONAL GARDEN (NAS-ZAMBAKRO)

THODS

THODS

Solid processLiquid process 1 Million Plants/ Year

ORTHOTROPIC SHOOTS FROM CLONAL GARDEN (NAS ZAMBAKRO)

TARGET OF PROPAGATION

SS

2 Million Plants/ Year25000 mother trees

PROCESS Start 2013 2014 2015

TARGET OF PROPAGATION

Solid process 2010 100,000 100,000 100,000

Liquid process End 2012 100,000 100,000 150,000Liquid process End 2012 100,000 100,000 150,000

Orthotropicplantlets 2013 200,000 500,000 1,000,000

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III. METHODS OF PROPAGATION SO C OG S S S O O O

PRIMARY SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESISSOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS PLANTLETS FROM LABORATORY

Primary embryosCalli Petals Immature

2-3 M6-8 M

InductionInduction

Primary embryos

SECONDARY SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS

Staminods flower buds

calli

calli

12Secondary embryos PlantletsFilm Abidjan 2009.mp4

III. METHODS OF PROPAGATION

ORTHOTROPIC SHOOTS FROM CLONAL GARDEN

COCOA SE MACROPROPAGATION (Annual multiplication rate estimated to 50-

100 plants/SE plant)

Plant bending in clonal garden

O h i h iOrthotropic shoots at rootingstage (after 40 days)

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Rooted orthotropic shoots (4 months old)

Rooted orthotropic shoot ready for shipment &

transfer to nursery

PROPAGATION LAB & NURSERIES( ABIDJAN-YOPOUGON)

2 M $

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THE NEW ZAMBAKRO EXPERIMENTAL FARM

Breeding Center For African staple crops development & improvement

Plants production Increase plant production capabilities to support The Cocoa Plan & the Nescafé Plan achieving objectives of 12 million cocoa plantletsthe Nescafé Plan achieving objectives of 12 million cocoa plantlets & 27 million coffee plantlets by 2022

Agricultural Training Center

Provide technical assistance to farmers, cooperatives trainers etc. to ensure sustainable & good quality raw materials supplyCenter to ensure sustainable & good quality raw materials supply

Demonstration Center for GAP & GPHP

Helping farmer to better manage orchards for high quality RM production (demo-plots on cocoa, coffee, cereals, roots & tubers)for GAP & GPHP production (demo plots on cocoa, coffee, cereals, roots & tubers)

Laboratories Plant science & soil fertility laboratories to internally run analysis on these topics

Nestlé Cocoa Plan

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