Manthan 2013

Rahul Kardam Krishna Mohan

Mayank Mausam Rahul Jadon

Swapnil Singh

ANUSANDHAN UDBHAV_ Innovate And Create

LACK OF

RESEARCH AND

INNOVATION

AS A HAMPERING

PROBLEM

• Insufficient output in research and indigenous development hindering growth rate, economy and confidence.

• Over-reliance on foreign research, inputs and imports of products, which can be produced indigenously, makes us vulnerable, economically and otherwise.

• Degradation of Knowledge economy.

• Science crisis for future generations.

Global competitiveness: Innovation Capacity Components Index

Innovation

Capacity

Index

Quality of

research

institutions

University-industry

collaboration

Availability of

scientists &

engineers

Utility patents

(per million of

people)

Public

procurement

technology

Country Rank

Score

Rank Score

Rank Score

Rank Score

Rank Score

Rank Score

Brazil 27 4.0 43 5.1 50 3.6 57 4.4 58 0.5 84 3.4

China 25 4.2 37 5.1 23 4.5 52 4.5 54 0.6 20 4.2

BHARAT 35 3.8 27 5.1 45 3.6 3 5.7 57 0.5 88 3.4

Japan 2 5.9 15 5.4 21 4.6 2 5.9 3 260 42 3.9

S. K 9 5.3 14 5.5 12 5.1 19 5.1 7 131 2 5.1

U.K. 14 14 7 5.7 9 5.1 32 4.8 18 55 32 4.0

USA 6 5.5 1 6.3 1 5.8 6 5.5 1 262 4 4.9

Source: WEF 2008.

Despite being the second most populous country and an imposing economy with tremendous human resource, BHARAT lags behind in most ratings, most countries having overtaken us in research and innovation.

• BHARAT Ranked 119 n the 2004 Science Citation Index .

• BHARAT produces only 6,00 PhDs a in science and 1000 in engineering.

• Less than 20% of public support for R&D is for civilian applications.

• IIT was granted 4 patents a year compared with 64 for the Stanford and 102 for the MIT(McKinsey).

• According to WIPO statistics (2009) BHARAT was granted 7,539 patents while the equivalent number for Japan was 1,64,954, the US was 1,57,283, the Republic of Korea was 1,23,705, and China was 67,948.

• In 2006, BHARAT had 119 researchers in R&D per million people, while China had 715, South Korea had 3723, US had 4628 and Japan 5300.

STATE OF SHAME

India not only has a very pathetic number of researchers per capita, but its investment in researches pertaining to direct public benefit is also poor. Most countries which till mid 90’s lagged behind have now overtaken it – viz. China which has leapt beyond everyone.

• Lack of collaborative researches all across country.

• Insufficient facilities and resources.

• Improper Methodology and monitoring of researches.

• Lack of tribunal forum at different levels.

• Lack of Scientific Training

• Insufficient Interaction

• Lack of Confidence

• Inadequate Assistance

• Improper Library Management

• High Cost of Publishing

THE PRIME CAUSES

The vast majority of BHARAT’s science and technology graduates immediately head for high-paying jobs in industry. Only about 1% of them go on to get PhDs, compared with about 8% in the United States. “Internally the brain drain is quite high,” says Rao. “All the talent goes into sectors that make money but produce very little in terms of creative things for the country.”

Universities : Teaching without Research

National Laboratories : Research without Teaching Decrease imports and strengthen economy by being self-sufficient.

SELECTION OF TOPIC

• Core of countries development and progress..

• Research and development is the mind of counties.

• Innovation is not merely an extension of science and technology but an important factor of development.

• For BHARAT to become a knowledge powerhouse, promotion of basic research and innovation, and development of cutting edge technologies are essential.

• There is a need to speed up the process of discovery, diffusion and delivery of technology solutions.

• With growing population, the demand for natural resources is going to lead to an unsustainable exploitation so we need to find out alternates to meet their basic necessities.

• It has been apparent for at least a century that future economic progress will be driven by the invention

• and application of new technologies. R&D is one category of spending that develops and drives these new technologies.

• However, private sector firms are prone to focus their R&D on “applied” projects, where the payoff to their bottom line is likely to accrue only to them. Their role is not to undertake broad R&D for the general benefit of our nation.

We believe innovation and research is as integral as nation itself, what sources if they cant be utilised to the fullest.

We need uniformity in excellence in research and its ground level Implementation.

PROPOSED SOLUTION

• The need to right-size our expenditure on research and innovation.

• Contract basis research.

• Need of a Regulatory body to intervene and improve.

• Proper interaction among research scholars and seniors at different levels for better outcome.

• Start a new course for PHD after 10+2 in a particular direction.

• Grassroots innovations, with a little mentoring, can be developed into useful, viable products.

Ideas Translation Development Marketable Product

• Knowledge partnerships forged and resources leveraged for greater investment in innovation by encouraging greater private sector participation.

• Increased funding. • Basic Research • New R&D Funding Mechanism • Demonstrate Commercialization and Production Potential. • Our world market share of exports produced by high

technology industries dropped from 20% to 12% between the 1990s and 2005. In contrast, from 1999 to 2005, China’s market share has more than doubled from 8% to 19%.

MANUFACTURING SECTOR RESERCH NEEDS A BOOST

• Policy framework

• Govt. And public sector organisations

• Educational and r & d institutions

• Major schemes of central governments

• In house r & d in private industry

• NGOs should be encouraged to take up research and innovation like Gujarat.

• Evolving an BHARAT model of innovation, with focus on inclusive growth

• Delineating policy initiatives within the government, required to spur innovation

• Developing and championing innovation attitudes and approaches

PROPOSED SOLUTION

• Creating appropriate eco-systems and environment to foster inclusive innovation

• Exploring new strategies and alternatives for innovations and collaborations

• Identifying way s and means to s c a le and sustain innovations

• Encouraging central and state governments to innovate • Encouraging universities and R&D institutions to innovate

facilitating innovations by smes • Encouraging all important sectors of the economy to innovate

APPROPRIATE

MONITORING

MECHANISMS

• Red tape issues are to be

nullified for any substantial growth in research.

• ACCOUNTABILITY – People to be held accountable for investments and regular monitoring of the whole hierarchy to be done.

• NAAC should consider research as a major factor while accrediting Universities and research institutes.

• As it is top-down hierarchy, senior officials should avoid nepotism and stay vigilant.

MOST ACTIVE PARTICIPATION WARRANTED

• True innovation can occur only if all stakeholders work together on challenges. • Contract R&D is a simple way of developing an applied solution for client's problems with the help of external expertise. •Multi-client programmes are a cost effective solution for advancing the level of technology for a large number of companies. •There are many innovative ways of funding applied R&D through collaborations among academia, national laboratories, companies and trade associations. •Management of government-funded R&D programmes by industry can be effective for technology commercialization.

STRATEGIES FOR

IMPLEMENTATION

POTENTIAL FIELDS NEED TO BE RECOGNISED AND NOURISHED

CHALLENGES these challenges are listed below. 1. “Lack of skilled human resources” 2. “Not sufficient analytical support around” 3. “Creation of long term collaboration structures is needed. Need to effectively use the specialized talent pool being generated in India (job opportunities). In the case of academic set-up, integrated product development approach is still lacking. Long term focus of industries is crucial for R&D to be effective, which is missing in Indian firms. Government policies that encourage Indian R&D are negatively skewed and favours imports (disconnected from reality of business). In short there is a S&T policy, but no R&D policy.” 4. “Lack of clarity on goals, Lack of patience by management” Other Challenges

. “Bureaucracy, lack of or complexity in institutional processes” 6. “Lack of availability of credible partners and facilities; inadequate intellectual resources” 7. “Difficulties in commercialization of developed technologies” 8. “Company policy” 9. “No research and innovative mindset” 10. “Lack of R&D mindset among scientists/engineers” 12. “Poor ecosystem to support internal R&D” 13. “Getting talent and retaining talent” 14. “Poor R&D infrastructure”

1. Short-term projects 2. Long-term collaborations 3. Pre-competitive technology research These programmes are designed with flexibility of interaction and mutual benefit as the dual goals. Short-term projects. Industries interested in collaborating on design, fabrication, or characterisation of nano- or micro-engineered components, or systems that require a few months to a couple of years, can approach the centre under this scheme. Long-term collaboration. Industries interested in umbrella collaborations covering single or several area of nanoelectronics or nano engineering over a long period of two to ten years are encouraged to go through this mechanism that is designed for maximum R&D benefit to the industry. Pre-competitive technology research consortium. This is a membership-based open programme that invites active participation of interested industries in a pre-competitive technology creation mission. The areas of open research are defined by the member industries.

STRATEGIES FOR

IMPLEMENTATION