Panc Cancer
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Transcript of Panc Cancer
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Pancreatic Cancer: A New Way to Treat the Disease
Christie GwaltneyEnglish 302
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Pancreatic Cancer
“The American Cancer Society estimates that 42,470 Americans will be diagnosed with pancreatic cancer during 2009.”
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The Dangers of Pancreatic Cancer
• only curable when found in its earliest stages, and before the cancer has begun to spread to other organs in the body.
• If the cancer has spread, palliative treatment can improve the patient's quality of life by controlling the symptoms and complications.
• There is only one type of restorative treatment, and that is surgical resection.
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The Dangers of Pancreatic Cancer, cont’d
• However, most patients present with advanced stages of this disease are not candidates for surgery
• Even though there are treatments such as chemotherapy and surgical resection, the survival rate is still very slim.
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Survival Rates
• In the local/resectable stage, the median survival rate is 17 months.
• In the local/nonresectable stage, the median survival rate is 8-9 months.
• In the metastatic stage, the median survival rate is only 4-6 months.
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Chemotherapy
• Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells, and maybe given by mouth or injection into a muscle or a vein.
• Gemcitabine is a chemotherapy drug often used to treat pancreatic cancer.
• It has been displayed, in many controlled clinical trials, to improve quality of life.
• Many types of cancer respond well to chemotherapy and are often cured.
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Hypothesis
• If chemotherapy works well for other cancers, then it must be effective for pancreatic cancer.
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Chemotherapy, cont’d
• Chemotherapy has been used as a treatment for patients with pancreatic cancer for over a decade.
• However, it is still ineffective for those suffering with advanced stages of this disease.
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Chemotherapy, cont’d• Unfortunately, there has not been very much
progress on the treatment for later stages of pancreatic cancer.
• The benefit of single-agent gemcitabine in advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer is small.
• Adding additional chemotherapy agents to gemcitabine has not resulted in significant improvement in survival.
• The randomized trials studying the accumulation of molecular targeting agents to gemcitabine compared with gemcitabine alone have been insufficient.
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New Approach
• In a recent study, a new approach was reported for pancreatic cancer patients who are in need of chemotherapy.
• Dr. Dave Melisi, an Italian Scientist, has believed for some time that that resistance to chemotherapy has been the greatest challenge in treating pancreatic cancer. So, he put that to test.
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New Approach, cont’d• Melisi and his collegues began to focus
their attention on a distinctive enzyme activated by TGFbeta, called TAK-1.
• Melisi hypothesized that if the TAK-1 enzyme was inhibited, then cancer cells will be more sensitive to treatment.
• The TAK-1 enzyme makes cancer cells sensitive to treatment, and targeting TAK-1 could be a strategy to revert this resistance.
• This would improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy.
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New Approach, cont’d.• Dr. Dave Melisi developed a composite
competent of inhibiting TAK-1 and tested it both on its own and in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs.
• He also tested it in combination of gemcitabine in mice with pancreatic cancer.
• The TAK-1 inhibitor increased the sensitivity of pancreatic cells to the chemotherapeutics researched.
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Effects of Inhibiting TAK-1• In comparison with using chemotherapy
alone, adding the inhibitor allowed the use of up to 70 times lower doses of the chemotherapeutic drugs to kill the same amount of cancer cells.
• Additionally, while gemcitabine therapy alone was unsuccessful in pancreatic cancer-bearing mice, adding the TAK-1 inhibitor moved it up to a 78% reduction in tumor volume and increased median average survival from 82 days to 122 days.
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Research Design
Purpose: • The study proposed will determine whether or
not oxalipatin (a chemotherapeutic drug) will be effective once the TAK-1 enzyme is inhibited.
• The ideal result: Oxalipatin will be effective and support the proposed hypothesis.
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Methods and Procedures:
• Since mice are used to evaluate the safety of many things, we will use mice to complete the procedure. A fixed number of mice with pancreatic cancer will be used to test the effects of TAK-1 and the chemotherapeutic drug called oxaliplatin.
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Assessment:
• The outcome of this experiment will be established by analyzing the results and formulating the data.
• Once the data is collected, it will be tested against the hypothesis to determine whether or not the expectation of the experiment was correct or incorrect.
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Next Steps:
• With the closing stages of the experiment, a peer reviewed article will be printed and submitted to the American Journal of Nursing and the Cancer Journal for Clinicians.
• The next steps in the project would be to expand and repeat the experiment.
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Conclusion• Problem: Pancreatic cancer is a terminal
illness in need of a cute• Hypothesis: Chemotherapy could be proven
effective for pancreatic cancer• Solution: Based on the hypothesis, additional
measures will be taken
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Citations• Michel Vulfovich; Caio Rocha-Lima., (2008) Novel Advances in Pancreatic
Cancer:Dietary Fructose Consumption Among US Children and Adults: Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy. The Medscape Journal of Medicine. Vol 8(6):993-1002.
• "Pancreatic Cancer." Pancreatic Cancer. MedicineNet, Inc., 2009. Web. 28 Sept. 2009. <http://www.medicinenet.com/pancreatic_cancer/article.htm>.
• Melisi, David. Inhibiting TAK-1 Renders Pancreatic Cancer Susceptible to Chemotherapy. 2009. Web. 1 Oct. 2009. <Inhibiting TAK-1 Renders Pancreatic Cancer Susceptible to Chemotherapy. Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News, 2009. Web. 1 Oct. 2009. .>.
• ECCO-the European Cancer Organization (2009, September 25). Pancreatic Cancer: Researchers Find Drug That Reverses
• Chemo Fails to Treat Pancreatic Cancer. Natural News. David Gutierrez, 31 Aug. 2009. Web.