PALEOMAP Project Update

RothwellPaleoGIS MeetingHoustonFall, 2013

Thanks to PaleoAtlas Sponsors Shell 2002* Anadarko 2003* BHP 2003 ChevronTexaco 2003* (KerrMcGee 2003) Oxy 2003 Total 2003* Petrobras 2004 Pioneer 2004 ExxonMobil 2004 Marathon 2004 BP 2005 StatOil (Hydro) 2005* Woodside 2005 Newmont Mining 2005 ConocoPhil l ips 2006 Cobalt Int 2006 ENI 2007**

(Devon 2006) Vale 2008 Petronas 2008* Apache 2010 Noble Energy 2011 Repsol 2012 HRT 2012 Mubadala (Pearl) 2012 RWE 2012 CEPSA 2012 KNOC 2013 Hess 2013 Maersk 2013 OMV 2013 *GANDOLPH sponsors

PALEOMAP Project 2013 Highlights• New Global Plate Model (Scotesev13a)

– Fixes “gaps”; High resolution ocean age polygons

• Finalized PaleoAtlas Time Slices:– One plate tectonic reconstruction for every stratigraphic stage (103 intervals)– Additional paleogeographic maps for every Supersequence Boundary (SSB) & Maximum

Flooding Surface (MFS) (~140 total paleomaps)– “PaleoAtlas Toolbar” for PaleoGIS (Rothwell Group)

• Began work on Earth System Archive– Define +50 ESA variables– 4 new paleoclimate models (early Miocene, late Albian,Pennsylvanian, &mid Silurian)

• Finalized Global Geology.com– batch import & export tools

• Publication of Boucot, Xu & Scotese (2013) by SEPM• Relocated back to Chicago (Evanston)

– To work on book “History of the Earth”; words to go with maps (documentation & storytelling)

PALEOMAP Plans for 2014• Update & Populate Time Slices• Focus on Earth System Archive

– 4 additional paleoclimate simulations (total ~30)– Build core of ESA with ‘GANDOLPH’ paleoclimate results– Build user-friendly “backtracking “ tools

• New Layers for PaleoAtlas– “Paleogeology” from Khain et al. atlases (~40 maps)– Lithofacies symbols & shading– Paleomagnetic poles & vectors– Hot Spots & LIPS– Geologic info from: Global Geology & PaleoBiology DB, COSUNA– Gridded raster versions of info from Earth System Archive

• Resurrect Regional Plate Models– SE Asia, Caribbean & GOM, W.Indian Ocean, Circum-Arctic, South Atlantic, & Neoproterozoic

(back to 1300 Ma)• Provide paleogeographic 1x1 grids for Rothwell’s Paleoclimate Software• Rough drafts of 20-25 Chapters of “History of the Earth” (~18 done)

PALEOMAP Project

Revised PALEOMAP Global Plate Model

New Age of Ocean Floor Model

PALEOMAP Project

>100 PALEOMAP PaleoAtlas Time Intervals (one for every geological

stage & major sequence boundary) old # new # of maps

• Cenozoic 10 23• Cretaceous 8 24• Jurassic 6 13• Triassic 4 8• Late Paleozoic 12 22• Early Paleozoic 10 20• Precambrian 3 15

Paleogeology / Provenance

Khain, Ronov & Seslavinsky (1993)

Principal Feature Groups

• Graticule• Modern Boundaries (rivers,lakes,cities,basins,high & low

resolution political boundaries)• Lithology (reefs, ophiolites, Boucot, PGAP, ODP)• Plate Tectonics (ancient plates, active plate boundaries,

motion vectors, labels, isochron, age of oceans, XOM Tectonic Map**)

• PaleoRivers & Drainage (ArcGIS Hydrology Tool)• PaleoClimate (Climate Zones, FOAM Results*)• Paleogeography (Simple Pgeog, Hi-Res Pgeog, Highstand &

Lowstand shorelines, PaleoDEM,Sequence Stratigraphy – SSB, MFS)

• Geology (Geological Map of the World)• QuickMaps (14 different kinds of maps)

High Resolution Paleogeography

Aptian 120 Ma

Simple Paleogeography

Just Coastlines

Bas Relief

Geology

Climate Zones with Lithology

Paleoclimatic Reconstruction

Plate Tectonics

Time Intervals with Paleoclimate Simulations

GANDOLPH ESA # 18 + 12 = 30

Temperature

Rainfall

Winds

Salinity

Anoxia

Upwelling

SimpleDataStructure

Earth System Archive Variables• Type I Descriptions/Measurements (17) e.g. basin name/ PaleoDEM • Type II Global Geology (22) e.g. Lithology, Formation Name

• Type III Paleoclimate (FOAM) (18) e.g. Mean Annual Temperature)

• Type IV Derivative (Composite) (infinite) e.g. Carbonate Facies Probability

Earth System Archive:Deliverables

Digital Data2 Geologic “Data Cubes” of ESA variables

e.g. Mean Annual Temperature (MAT), Carbonate Facies Probability (CFP), Carbonate/Clastic Ratio (CCR)Cube (1) in paleoLat & paleoLong” to overlay paleomapsCube (2) in modern Lat & Long for comparison with unreconstructed data & maps

Software“BackTracker” Program that creates bivariate plots of ESA variables back through time.

“Back-Tracking” Paleolatitude Elevation Mean Annual Temperature Precipitation & >30 other Earth System variables

Earth System Archive Variables• Type I Descriptions/Measurements (17) e.g. basin name/ PaleoDEM • Type II Global Geology (22) e.g. Lithology, Formation Name

• Type III Paleoclimate (FOAM) (18) e.g. Mean Annual Temperature)

• Type IV Derivative (Composite) (infinite) e.g. Carbonate Facies Probability

Type I Descriptions/Measurements• Map Age• Modern Latitude• Modern Longitude• Country• Geographic Region• Geodynamic Unit (Plate ID)• Paleolatitude• Paleolongitude• Elevation• PaleoDEM Identifier• Continentality• Oceanality (Restriction)• Distance from Coastline

• Geological Outcrop• Basin Name• Depth to Basement• Age of Basement

Type II Global Geology• Terrestrial Depositional

Environment• Marine/Transitional

Depositional Environment• Sequence Stratigraphy• Rock Unit above• Rock Unit below• Age of unconformity above• Age of unconformity below• Age Assignment Reliability• Outcrop Image• Stratigraphic Section Image

• Geological Formation• Geological Comment• Approximate Thickness• Source: Outcrop/Well• Source of Data• Data Collected by• Depth from Surface• Sedimentary Lithology• Igneous/Metamorphic

Lithology• Climate Indicators• Accessory Rock Types• Clastic/Carbonate

Ratio

Type III Climate Model

• Mean Annual Temperature• Sea Bottom Temperature• Mean Annual Precipitation• Runoff• Runoff to Ocean• Paleodrainage Basin• PaleoRIver• River Volume• Ice Thickness• Salinity

Summer/Winter Surface CurrentsSea Bottom CurrentsTotal UpwellingMonths of UpwellingSummer/Winter TemperatureSummer/Winter WindsSummer/Winter RainfallSummer/Winter Pressure

Type IV Derivative• Coarse Clastic Facies• Carbonate Facies• Evaporite Facies• Source Facies• Koeppen Zone• Vegetation Type• Ecozone• Paleosoil