Paleolithic Era to Agricultural Revolution

Paleo/ Neo Vocabulary

• 1. Hunter-gatherer- Humans who obtain their food by hunting wild animals and gathering wild edible plants

• 2. Homo Sapiens- Humans

• 3. Migrate- To change location or move from one place and settle in another

• 4. Nomadic- Moving from place to place in search of animals for food

Paleo/ Neo Vocab. Power

• 5. clan- a group of families having the same ancestors; social organization of early people

• 6. cave art- paintings found in many caves usually in the form of animals dating back to the Paleolithic Era

• 7. oral language- spoken form of communication

• 8. civilization- organized group of people: Ex.) There is a government, people have specific jobs, organized religion.

Paleo/ Neo Vocabulary

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• 9. Paleolithic Era- “old stone age”-- when humans used simple stone tools

• 10. Domestication- The taming of wild animals and plants for human use

• 11. Neolithic Era- A period after the Paleolithic Era when humans used “new (improved) stone tools.” ** Development of Agriculture**

Paleo/ Neo Vocabulary

• 12. artifacts- Material remains left behind by other people and cultures

• 13. archaeologist- Person who studies past cultures by locating and analyzing human remains, tools, and artifacts.

• 14. Carbon Dating- a scientific test used to determine the age of bones or other artifacts left behind

• 15. Stonehenge- archeological site found in England that was started during the Neolithic Era

Paleo/ Neo Vocabulary

16. Bronze Age- Period after the new stone age when tools and weapons were made of bronze

17. Excavation- The process of digging find something

18. Catalhoyuk- Neolithic site in Anatolia currently under excavation

19. Fertile Crescent- Farmable land stretching from Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea; home to many early civilizations

B.C.E. To C.E.

• Years that are dated B.C.E. are arranged in descending order.

• Ex. 336 B.C.E. is earlier than 335 B.C.E.

• 1 C.E. marks the beginning of the common era and dates are arranged in ascending order

Year 0 500 CE or 500 A.D.

1000 CE or 1000 A.D.

2000 CE or 2000 A.D.

Today

500 BCE or 500 BC

1000 BCE or 1000 BC

2000 BCE or 2000 BC

BC = Before Christ; BCE = Before Common EraA.D. = Anno Domini; CE = Common Era (we live in CE)

How did physical geography influence the lives of early

humans?

• Humans, Homo sapiens, emerged in East Africa between 100,000 and 400, 000 years ago.

• They migrated from Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas.

• Early humans were known as “hunter- gatherers” whose survival depended on the availability of wild plants and animals.

How did physical geography influence the lives of early

humans?

Paleolithic Tools

Characteristics of Hunter-Gatherer Societies

• The term Paleolithic Age means “Old Stone Age” and refers to the stone tools used during the time.

• Were nomadic (migrated in search of food, water, and shelter)

• Invented the first tools, including simple weapons

• Learned how to make and use fire

Characteristics of Hunter-Gatherer Societies

• Lived in groups called clans (social organization).

• There was no written language, instead oral language was used to communicate. ---For example to organize hunts.

Characteristics of Hunter-Gatherer Societies

• “Cave art” developed which showed pictures of animals such as deer, horses, and buffalo. Some even showed small stick figures.

Cave Art

Cave Art

Questions??

1. What was another name for Paleolithic era? Why?

2. Why were Paleolithic people nomadic?

3. Describe three characteristics of Paleolithic people.

Societies during the Neolithic Era (New Stone

• The development of farming or agriculture created the Neolithic Age or “New Stone Age” because of improved stone tools.

• People began to settle in stable communities

Characteristics of Societies during the Neolithic Era (New Stone Age)

• Developed agriculture by domesticating plants

• Domesticated animals

• Used advanced tools

• Made pottery including baskets and bowls

• Developed weaving skills to replace animal skins for clothing

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Identify the bodies of water and rivers

How do archeologists study early humans?

• Archeologist study past cultures by locating and analyzing human remains, settlements, tools and other artifacts of early human life.

• Archeologist apply scientific tests such as carbon dating to analyze fossils and artifacts

Stonehenge

• Stonehenge is an example of an archeological site in England that was begun during the Neolithic era and completed during the Bronze Age.

Stonehenge

Aleppo and Jericho

• Aleppo and Jericho are examples of early cities in the Fertile Crescent studied by archeologists.

Catalhoyuk

• Catalhoyuk is an example of a Neolithic settlement currently under excavation in Anatolia.

Map

Catalhoyuk Excavations