Library research

Get answers to your questions.

Uncle Pre-Diabetes

Learning Objectives

• At the end of the class students will:• Understand that there is valid scientific

research to support many sides of a controversial topic – especially in nutrition.

• Research is messy. • The UO librarians can help.

What have you heard about low-carbohydrate/Paleo Diets?

Mr. Atkins

1st very successful low-carb diet.First published a book in 1972.

Read more:What if It’s All Been a Big Fat Lie? - New York Times. (n.d.). New York Times. Retrieved January 26, 2013, from http://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/07/magazine/what-if-it-s-all-been-a-big-fat-lie.html

Discuss: Atkins v. Zone

What is this Diet?A. Grass fed meat and some oils (coconut, avocados walnuts, etc.), no cereal grains, potatoes, legumes, dairy, or sugar. – Paleo -http://thepaleodiet.com/what-to-eat-on-the-paleo-diet/

B. protein, healthy fats and some vegetables (meat, eggs, cheese, butter, cooking oils are fine, few fruits), little bread or grains, no sugar. – Atkins - http://www.atkins.com/Program/Phase-1/What-You-Can-Eat-in-this-Phase.aspx

C. Eat complex carbohydrates (grains and beans), plenty of fruits and veggies, small amounts of protein; no oil of any kind (including olive oil), no dairy, no sugar. – McDougall - http://www.drmcdougall.com/free_2a.html

D. Lots of veggies and low fat protein, certain fats, very few grains and starches. Zone - http://www.zonediet.com/tools/quick-start-guide

The Paleo Diet

Paleo Diet saysThe world’s healthiest diet, is based upon the

fundamental concept that the optimal diet is

the one to which we are genetically adapted. The therapeutic effect of the Paleo Diet is

supported by both randomized controlled human trials and real-life success stories.

What is the Paleo Diet?A. Grass fed meat and some oils (coconut, avocados walnuts, etc.), no cereal grains, potatoes, legumes, dairy, or sugar. Paleo

B. Lots of fruits and veggies, carbohydrates are ok in limited amounts, fish and poultry, olive oil, with small amounts of red meat, wine and sugar - Mediterranean

C. Eat complex carbohydrates (grains and beans), plenty of fruits and veggies, small amounts of protein; no fat of any kind (no olive oil, butter, etc.), no dairy, no sugar. McDougall - D. Eat meat & vegetables, nuts & seeds, some fruit, little starch, and no sugar. Keep intake to levels that will support exercise, but not body fat. Crossfit - http://community.crossfit.com/what-is-crossfit

Low carb Diets and exercise workBefore After

These diets claim that they will:

A. help you lose weightB. help prevent/reverse diabetesC. restore heart healthD. reduce epileptic seizuresE. all of the above

Plant based diets: featuring T. Colin Campbell, PhD, Joel Fuhrman, MD,

and Caldwell Esselstyn, Jr. MD From: http://www.drmcdougall.com/misc/2012nl/aug/wars.pdf

http://www.drmcdougall.com/misc/2012nl/aug/wars.pdf

What’s the science?

Where do scientists discuss their research?

How do they discuss their work and their findings?

Peer review at NEJM

① Manuscript reviewed by Deputy editor+ – ½ rejected② If it passes it goes to an Associate editor*③ Then to 2 outside-reviewers (out of a database of 10,000 with

specific expertise)④ Recommendations are to make changes and publish or reject⑤ Reviewed at least 1 time by contracted Statistical consultants⑥ Associate editor and Author(s) make changes⑦ Passed back to Deputy editor/Editor-in-Chief⑧ Editor-in-Chief formally accepts paper for publication

+has an M.D. or Ph.D. and does some teaching/research*holds a full time research/teaching position

Peer Review ProcessManuscript (potential article)

Sent to journal editor

Blind review Blind review Blind review

Sent to three to five experts in the field

Manuscript (potential article)

1. Accept2. Revise3. Reject

What’s the science?

Carbohydrates

Vs.

Fat/Protein

I

HOW?

d it.

Groups of 3 or 4

1 person is the recorder

1 person is the speaker

1 person is the skeptic

1 person is the timekeeper

Answer these questions using the 5 articles from the Bb survey

1. Which articles were scholarly? Which were popular sources?

2. Did they convince you that the information presented/conclusions reached were valid?

3. How did they convince you? 4. What are you going to do next?

What is Ketosis?

• What is it?• What are the benefits of it?• What are the disadvantages?

Right number of keywords

http://vimeo.com/12861706

What is Ketosis? Frigolet, M.-E., Ramos Barragán, V.-E., & Tamez González, M. (2011). Low-carbohydrate diets: a matter of love or hate. Annals of nutrition & metabolism, 58(4), 320–334. doi:10.1159/000331994

Ketogenic diet =

High fat, low carbohydrate, calorie restricted

Benefits of ketosis?

Stops difficult to control seizures

Modified Atkins diet might work for some and be followed more

Other benefits of a diet that puts you in state of ketosis?

Lose weighthelp with type 2 diabetesMay help with other issues like recovery from concussions, Alzheimer’s, Parkinsons

Is this popular or scholarly?

Bielohuby, M., Matsuura, M., Herbach, N., Kienzle, E., Slawik, M., Hoeflich, A., & Bidlingmaier, M. (2010). Short-Term Exposure to Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diets Induces Low Bone Mineral Density and Reduces Bone Formation in Rats. Journal of Bone & Mineral Research, 25(2), 275–284.

Ketosis

disadvantages: Constipation, kidney stones, decreased bone density, slows growth in children, increases cholesterol and lipids, causes micronutrient deficiencies, may impact energy and memory (temporary?)

Many of these low carb diets put you in a form of ketosis

Paleo video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8A-byWZEEN0

Or the primal blueprint:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vxqvITCAM9I

starchavore

http://www.drmcdougall.com/video/diet_wars.htm

Start at minute 9:35, if you don’t want to watch the whole thing.

What do we know?

Sugar is evil. So are simple carbohydrates.

How would you search for information on this topic?

How many carbs should I eat?Can I eat butter? Olive oil?What about fruit?Is the paleo diet safe? Effective?Should I be a starchavore?

Complicated questions require research.

Google is an answer machine…

type in your topic and get 1,000s of results.

…library databases aren’tYou have to know how to get the information you need out of library database.

Library databases have:

Scholarly sourcesWays to sort, save and retrieve documentsSpecific information on a topic

Remaining questions

Complex carbohydrates – a little or a lot?

Fat – in any form, just some forms, very little?

Fruit, vegetables, meat (protein sources)?

Short term v. long term?

In groups, answer for each : A. library catalog

B. OneSearch C. Google Scholar

1. How did you find something on your topic?2. Was the item available?3. Where is FindText?4. What was 1 thing you thought was useful

about this resource?5. Can you use the limits?

Is there scientific evidence that suggests that a low carbohydrate diet will help

someone lose weight

What are the important words?

If this were a tweet, what are the hashtags you’d use?

#paleo#atkins#lowcarb#loseweight#lowfat

UO libraries: your tuition dollars

What about google scholar?

• Might work for your topic and work well. I use it sometimes, but find it difficult to sort through the results of a broad search.

• Your mileage may vary. Unless you are already an expert, GS won’t be any better than a database.

FindText to get to library holdings

Add FindText to Google Scholar

Off campus access to library resources

http://library.uoregon.edu/systems/proxy/index.html

Full list of works cited on Blackboard.