PAKISTAN HVACR SOCIETY E-NEWS · E-NEWS Nov-march 2020 By the Grace of Allah Almighty on 18 Nov,...

E-NEWSPAKISTAN HVACR SOCIETY

NOVEMBER -MARCH 2020

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HEAD OFFICE INNAUGURAL CEREMONY

The HVACR society of Pakistan inaugurated its headquarters in the city of Islamabad. The simple yet impressive inauguration ceremony, organized in the newly developed headquarters located in the F-8 sector of Islamabad was widely attended by members from all across the country including Karachi, Lahore and Faisalabad.Theinauguration ceremony started with the ceremonial ribbon cutting ceremony. Engr Khurram R. Malik President, Pakistan HVACR society and Mr. Ahmad Naeem Chughtai, Hon.General Secretary, along with the previous presidents, cut the ribbon to officially mark the opening of the society headquarters. All attendees prayed for the success and growth of HVACR society.

UPDATE

The first meeting chaired by President Khurram Malik was held at the HVACR society headquarters. A soft launching of the HVACR society mobile application was also held at the event. New Staff members were introduced to all EC Members.Decisions regarding training centres and student scholarship campaign were made.

HVACR Society Lahore Chapter, under the

leadership of it`s chapter chairman Mr.

Muhammad Aamer inaugurated “Skill

Development Center” at Lahore. The idea behind

this opening is to train the labor in HVACR sector

and to create employment. The Skill Development

committee was headed by Mr. Sajjad Haider, who,

with the help of his team worked day and night to

bring this idea into reality in the shortest possible

time. The Center was inaugurated by Mr. Khurram

R. Malick, President PHVACR Society with Mr.

Ahmad Naeem Chughtai, Hon. General Secretary

and a big number of team members.

Pakistan HVACR EXPO 2020 is postponed due to panademic disease till 22, 23 & 24 July 2020. Keeping in view current situation all other activities of society has also been postponed till lockdown.

INNAUGURATION OF PAKISTAN HVACR

FIRST SKILL DEVELOPMENT CENTRE

EC MEETING

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E-NEWS Nov-march 2020

By the Grace of Allah Almighty on 18 Nov, 2019 Paki-

stan HVACR society announced its first Pakistan HVACR student chapter at Government College of

Technology, Rawalpindi. Pakistan HVACR also donated

Rs:150,000/ scholarships for deserving students of

GCT.Pakistan HVACR Society and the Society President

appreciated the dedicated effort of Mr. Rauf Chaud-

hary President district Board of Management TEVTA

Govt. Of Punjab.Mr. Ather Siddiqi also donated tree to

college. Mr. Riaz Baig is being assigned as the Student

advisor and mentor of GCT, Rawalpindi for the HVACR

Students on behalf of Pakistan HVACR Society.

By the Grace of Allah Almighty

Pakistan HVACR Society has

hired new staff i.e Maham Ayub as Marketing Executive Abeer

ChohanasGraphicKa lsoom

Rashid as Receptionist and Mr.

Zia Shoukat as Chief

Accountant

FINANCIAL ASSISSTANCE

COVID-19

In this hour of need Pakistan HVACR Society has provided financial assisstance to members of society in need . Society has assissted 21 members 1 in islamabad and

20 in Faislabad

STUDENT SCHOLARSHIPS

Maham Ayub Abeer Chohan Kalsoom Rashid Zia Shoukat

A revised Standard Operating

Procedure (SOP) has been

developed on instructions of

Society President covering all

Financial and Procurement

operations of theSociety. The SOP

is currently under review by the

Honorary Finance Secretary and

President and will be put up ffor final approval of Executive Council in its next meeting. The SOP will be implemented across all offices ofthe Society once approved.

NEW HIRING ACOUNTING SOP MOBILE APP

Pakistan HVACR Society will be

launching it`s first mobile app with all features to assisst members.

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6 MONTHS REPORT

NOV 2019 TO APRIL 2020SOCIETY PERFORMANCE

THIS EXECUTIVE COUNCIL HAS TO ITS CREDIT MANY ACHIEVEMENTS SOME OF THE SALIENT ACHIEVEMENTS

ACTIVITIES ISLAMABAD

CHAPTER

LAHORE

CHAPTER

KARACHI

CHAPTER

TOTAL

TECHNICAL SEMINARS & CPD 06 09 04 19

STUDENT BRANCHES 04 0 02 06

CRICKET LEAGUE 01 01 00 03

DONATIONS / SCHOLARSHIPS 01 0 0 01

GET TOGETHERS 02 01 0 02

LOCAL COUNCIL MEETINGS 07 04 10 21

ORG. COMMITTEE MEETINGS 08 0 08

OTHER ACTIVITY 01 02 03

NEW MEMBERSHIPS 08 36 48 92

MEMBERSHIP STATUS

3 DAY WORKSHOP

STAFF APPOINTMENT

APP LAUNCH

MOU

SOCIETY CHAPTERS ACTIVITY

Successfully Conducted three days Technical Workshop in Islamabad & Karachi

Appointed More Staff in HQ office

Launching of Society App

President’s Meeting with OZONE Cell management and signed MOU

It is really appreciable that Society Membership Database is expanding rapidly and at the moment there are 2377 members on the Society roster. When this Council took over, there were in all 2299 members therefore, we have got addition of 078 members. Significant increase in Membership in 6 MONTHS, especially due to the equal efforts of Society Chapters.

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3 Day MIA Technical Training workshop - 13-15 January 2020

2nd Pakistan HVACR T-10 Cricket League - 25th, 26th Jan, 2020

Seminar on Emotional Intelligence - On Jan 29, 2020

Seminar on Air Serve - On Feb 22, 2020

Overview of DDC Controls for HVACR - 11 March 2020

ISLAMABAD CHAPTER LAHORE CHAPTER

Jointly planning meeting of President PHVACR Society & ASHRAE CPC Conference Team regarding upcoming 27th Conference 2020 - January 17, 2020

Practical Training Session on Difference between Inverter & Non-Inverter Technology for Students of VTI – Tehsil Laliyan Chiniot - January 18, 2020

Presentation on Water & Heat Potential of Air Conditioning System - January 21, 2020

Presentation on VRF and its Implementation Challenges - January 23, 2020

Presentation on "VFD vs Inverter Technology - January 24, 2020

A Half- Day Training Session on Topic “Fundamentals of HVACR” - January 28, 2020

International Conference on Mechanical Engineering (ICME-20) - January 29-30, 2020

Practical Training Session on Difference between Inverter & Non-Inverter Technology for Students of VTI Safdarabad, District Sheikhupura. - February 02, 2020

KARACHI CHAPTER

Chartering 1st Student Branch of Pakistan HVACR Society - January 20, 2020

Technical Seminar on VFD vs Inverter Technology & Fundamentals of HVACR - Feb 1, 2020

Technical Seminar on Fundamental Instrumentation & Control For HVAC System - Feb 8, 2020

3 Day Course for Technical Students on Basic of Air Conditioning at Karachi - Feb 11, 12 & 13, 2020

President PHVACRS along with Student Activities Committee jointly arranged a meeting to discuss new PHVACR student branch & also announced that the first technical 3 day course for technical students on Basic of Air Conditioning - On 7 January 2020

SEMINARS1st One day Technical Skills Development workshop on DC inverter AC for RAC students of Vocational Training Institute - Faisalabad - December 05, 2019

Presentation on Understanding Total Quality Management -December 17, 2019

ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer - Wei Sun Technical Seminar -Nov 30, 2019

ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer - Mr. Paolo Tronville Technical Seminar - Dec 10, 2019

Selection Of Chillers Based On SPLV - On Nov 14, 2019

New Standards for AIR CLEANING TECHNOLOGIES - Dec 12, 2019

Practical Training Session on Difference between Inverter & Non-Inverter Technology for Students of VTI – FaisalabadDecember 18, 2019

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ISLAMABAD CHAPTER CHAPTER CHAIRMAN : MR.USMAN TARIQ CHUGTAI

ACTIVITIES

Oath Taking Ceremony & First Local Council Meeting

Islamabad Chapter visited GCT Rawalpindi

Family Get Together

2nd Pakistan HVACR T-10 Cricket League

Nov 15, 2019

Nov 18, 2019

Dec 08, 2019

25th,26th Jan, 2020

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ACTIVITIES

Oath Taking Ceremony of Local Council Term 2019-2021

Newly Elected LC & EC Regional Members along with Past Chairmen, Introductory visit at Chapter Sub-Office Faisalabad

182nd Local Council Meeting of Lahore Chapter

Cricket Gala Season-IV Teams Captains Meeting

Nov 01, 2019

Nov 11, 2019

Nov 20, 2019

Dec 2, 2019

183rd Local Council Meeting Dec 17, 2019

Visit of UET Lahore for upcoming Conference ICME

184th Local Council Meeting of Lahore Chapter

185th Local Council Meeting

Organizing Committee Members visited the Mega Leather Expo

Jan 20, 2020

Jan 13, 2020

Jan 23, 2020

Jan 25, 2020

LAHORE CHAPTER CHAPTER CHAIRMAN : MR.MUHAMMAD AAMIR

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ACTIVITIES

Hosted a Dinner of Executive Council Members at Charcoal

MOU signed between Ozone Cell, Ministry of Climate Change & Pakistan HVACR Society

Visited Polytechnic College, Lyari for opening HVACR Student Branch

Pakistan HVACR Karachi Team visited The Hunar Foundation foropening HVACR Student Branch

10 LC meeting are conducted

112th Executive Council Meeting Nov 22, 2019

Nov 23, 2019

16 Dec 2019

19 Dec, 2019

31 Jan 2020

KARACHI CHAPTER CHAPTER CHAIRMAN : MR.FAHAD AFRIDI

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PARTNERSHIP

Pakistan HVACR Society shake hands with legends of Pakistan Younas Khan , Jahangir Khan & Aijaz aslam for the noble cause of Student Scholarship Program.

Pakistan HVACR Society has joined hands with Legendary Cricketer YOUNUS KHAN, Iconic Squash

Player JAHANGIR KHAN and famous AIJAZ ASLAM in noble cause of STUDENT SCHOLARSHIP

PROGRAM. All the three personalities are legends in their own right and need no introduction globally.

They have very graciouslly consented to help the society to run its campaign to generate funds for

providing scholarships to deserving students.

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Pakistan HVACR Society has realized the need of guideline on COVID-19 HVAC DESIGN AND INDOOR

AIR QUALITY.Society has worked really hard to publish the basic understanding of COVID-19 and HVAC

concerns

HOUR OF NEED

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HVAC SYSTEMS & INDOOR AIR QUALITY

COVID 19 –PANDEMIC

BY MR.MOHAMMAD RIAZ BAIG P.E

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HVAC SYSTEM & INDOOR AIR QUALITY

MR.MOHAMMAD RIAZ BAIG

COVID 19 –PANDEMIC

Currently ASHRAE is only referring existing standards and guidelines and have announced a Society-wide effort to respond to the current global COVID-19 pandemic. To provide guidance on how to ensure that buildings are prepared for future epidemics, ASHRAE has formulated a task force headed by Presidential Member DR William Bahnfleth. ASHRAE Website will be updated as and when new information is available. Please visithttps://www.ashrae.org/technicalresources/resources for additional information.

ARTICLE

Mr Baig retired as lead Project Engineer from Saudi Aramco, Saudi Arabia where he worked for over 33 years. Prior to that he served Pakistan ordinance factories for 8 yrs. He is an ASHRAE member since 1997, past ASHRAE NPC president and current member BOG. While carrying over 50 years in the respective field, he has been involved in almost every field of HVAC i.e. Design, construction, Controls, Inspection, commissioning, Testing/balancing & Operation and Maintenance. In addition to HVAC, he has also executed multimillion dollar and multidiscipline projects. During his stint with Saudi Aramco, he got numerous professional developmental trainings/specialty courses from USA, Europe and Middle East. He was also a member of ARAMCO’s HVAC standards review committee. While partly retired, takes keen interest in knowledge sharing.

In times like these, when emotions run high and everyone is concerned, there is a growing concern among the HVACR professionals regarding COVID 19 isolation centers, quarantine facilities and their HVAC systems. To address this, we have compiled this interim document with reference to available resources as of now and the document may be complemented with new evidence and information when it becomes available. The purpose of this guidelines is NOT as how to design health care facilities in details. We also understand that pres-ently there is a desperate need of new quarantine and isolation centers in new or converted buildings. Due to this it may be difficult to comply with the respective standards due to urgency and numer-ous reasons. However, PHVACR/ASHRAE local chapter members will refer to respective standards and guidelines. In case of any deviation, respective designer/consultant is to be consulted. This docu-ment is merely a guidance document and shall not be liable for any legal action.

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WHO declared COVID-19 as Pandemic causing respiratory illness (like the flu) with symptoms such as a cough, fever, difficulty breathing, body ache etc. As per current scope & definition of modes of transmission by WHO released guidelines, SARS-Coronavirus Size 88nm to 160nm (0.088 micron to 0.160 micron) transmission is considered through Opportunistic Airborne & droplet mode Only. However, residual contaminants can travel through air currents caused by central air conditioning system ducts, where all or some air in the building is circulated and can contribute to the spread of the disease. COVID19 is fairly new and should be seriously considered with all the precautionary measures. The HVAC systems should be looked at as airborne infectious disease. Corona patients based on their nature of illness must be kept isolated in isolation centers and should not be mixed up with other areas of a hospital. That is why China has built dedicated centers for this. Now, if a hospital with Corona patients having mixed HVAC system, means there is a possibility of cross contamination and its spread. If an existing Hospital with Central AC system is used as Corona centers, its AC system needs to be looked at.

In hospitals, the risk of airborne virus diffusion mainly depends on airflow behavior and changes in direction caused by supply air and exhaust air locations. An improved isolation room ventilation strategy is found to be the most efficient in removing contaminants based on observations and simulation results. There are different classifications of rooms in hospital ie Class S, N & P: (Ref: International Health facilities guidelines) while ASHRAE looks at it according to its utilization. It is up to the health care professionals to decide (according to WHO recommendations) which patient is critical or otherwise and accordingly serious COVID patients should be kept in class N Isolation rooms. Class N –Negative Pressure isolation rooms are used for patients requiring airborne nuclei isolation. Negative room air pressure, where others are protected from any airborne transmission from a patient who may be at an infection risk.

CLASSIFICATION OF ISOLATION ROOMS

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a. PRESSURE RELATIONSHIP: A negative pressure isolation room is used for patients with airborne infections. According to CDC, a patient known to have contracted the coronavirus can spread it person-to-person. Negative-pressure isolation room therefore is designed to help prevent the spread of a disease from an infected patient to others in the hospital.

b. AIR CHANGES (SUPPLY / EXHAUST AIR). Negative-pressure isolation rooms require a minimum of 12 air changes per hour with min 2ACH fresh air and must maintain a minimum 0.1inch Water gauges (25Pascals) negative-pressure differential to the adjacent corridor whether an anteroom is utilized. When an anteroom is provided, airflow should be from the corridor into the anteroom, and from the anteroom into the patient isolation room.

c. AIR FILTRATION: The air-handling unit serving the isolation rooms requires minimum-efficiency reporting value

(MERV) 7 pre-filters, with either MERV 14 or high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) final filters.

d.TEMPERATURE: An ambient temperature of 72F to 75F should be maintained.

e.HUMUDITY: Dry air causes particles to stay airborne for longer, and this increases the chance of viral infections while excessively humid air stimulates the growth of bacteria, mold and dust mites. These organisms have a negative impact on indoor air quality and occupant health. Therefore, a humidity level of 40% to 60% should be maintained.

f. AIR MOVEMENT: When designing the mechanical systems to support isolation rooms, the designer must consider not only the airflow required to maintain the proper pressure differential, but also flow pattens/direction, location of the equipment, the serviceability of the equipment and equipment redundancy. Depending on the number and type of

isolation rooms in the facility, it is generally more economical to provide a single larger system to serve multiple rooms than multiple smaller systems.

g. EXHAUST: Exhaust Air should be directed to outside high above the roof level at least 10’, with speed greater than 2500 fpm, considering minimum separation distance requirements from air intakes, stacks, operable windows etc. Exhaust is required to pass through HEPA Filters / UV Treatment depending on risk assessment. Recirculation of Air is discouraged from Isolation Rooms.

AIIR rooms are a specialized application of a hospital's HVAC system for Messel, COVID -19, where the airflow supplied into the room is balanced with exhaust airflow to create at least 0.1” Water of gauges (25 Pascals) negative differential pressure with respect to an adjacent space, usually the hallway or an anteroom. Air-conditioning systems for negative pressure Isolation Rooms should be connected to an emergency power supply to maintain air pressurization in the event of a power failure. The room requires labelling as a negative pressure Isolation Room.

AIRBORNE INFECTIOUS ISOLATION ROOMS (AIIR)

THINGS TO CONSIDER IN AN

HVAC SYSTEM FOR ISOLATION ROOMS

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With growing needs, this seems to be a major concern and each building is to be looked at depending on its nature. If there is no HVAC system installed, then new systems must meet the minimum requirements depending on the nature of the building. Respective design consultants must look at not only the cooling requirements but also indoor air quality. Portable air cleaning systems are also recommended. At present, only WHO has recommended as to how the new isolation centers to be made. Please see the link below for further details

b. Functional Check of Dampers, Control Valves, Instrumentation.

c. Inspection of Equipment/Ducting for Accumulation/Growth of Undesired Dust / Microorganisms

d. Inspection & Cleaning of Coils / Pre or Intermediate Filters / Ducting

e. HEPA filters to be tested on site when they are first installed and every six months thereafter to confirm that they are operating at their design efficiency.

In order to have reliable and efficient operation of the system, it should be adequately maintained as per following but only limited to. a. Monitoring & Verification of Design Performance Parameters of System like Air Change Rate, Pressure Differential, Temperature & Humidity

CONVERTED HOSPITAL AREAS FOR COVID PATIENTS

EXISTING HOSPITALS ISOLATION ROOMS We understand that the existing isolation rooms of a hospital has

already been designed to cater for the needs, if not it should be looked at as per the health care facilities guidelines.

Since these areas were previously used for different purposes, consultants must look into and see the changes required to house COVID patients of different stages of disease.

CONVERTED BUILDINGS

O&M OF HVAC EQUIPMENT

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1.https://www.ashrae.org/file%20library/about/position%20documents/airborne-infectiousdiseases.pdf

2. ASHRAE Standard 170-2017

3.https://www.ashrae.org/technical-resources/resources

4.https://www.who.int/publications-detail/severe-acute-respiratory-infections-treatmentcente

5WHO-2019-nCoV-SARI_treatment_center-2020.1-eng.pdf

6. International Health facility Guidelines

7. CDC- Center for Disease control.

8. Guidelines for the Classification & design of Positive / Negative Pressure Rooms 9. MERV Table – ASHRAE 10. ANSI / ASHRAE Standards 62.1 – 2019

DISCLAIMERThis article is a preliminary finding and guideline all comments and suggestion are welcome to fine tune. Pakistan HVACR Society and

the author may be indemnified on any implementation. It is suggested to further investigate before any final execution.

REFRENCES & ADDITIONAL RESOURCES:

Note: Document compiled by Mohammad Riaz Baig with assistance

from Mr Asif Iqbal & Zeeshan Siddiqui

COVID-19 PANDEMIC

HVAC SYSTEMS & INDOOR AIR QUALITY

TECHNICAL ARTICLE

Mr. Zeeshan is a professional Mechanical Engineer graduated from NED University. He has worked in many position from Project Engineers to Sales Engineers. Mr. Ahmed is associated with Carrier for last 11 years and has spend most of the 18 years in Dubai managing the Pakistani market. He has vast know how of major air conditioning equipment and has presented many technical papers.

Recently he has volunteered his time to assist Pakistan HVACR Society and its member in writing a basic understanding of Covid 19 and HVAC design. His study is preliminary about Covid 19, type of isolation rooms related to HVAC Design and System.

We as a Society is very much obliged with Mr. Zeeshan Ahmed P.E who has taken his timeout to give something in brief writeup to help society members to understand the basic Air Conditioning design.

Should anyone have any suggestion, feedback please feel free to give so we can issue an addendum.

PHVACR Society

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is

an infectious disease caused by a

newvirus.The COVID-19 virus

spreads primarily through droplets

of saliva or discharge from the nose

when an infected person coughs or

sneezes.The COVID-19 virus is

approximately 0.125 Micron or 125 nanometers in diameter. (Source:

National Library of Medicine)

However, it often travels in biological

aerosols from coughing and

sneezing which range in size from

0.5 – 3.0 Micron.

INTRODUCTION1.Restrict Air movement.2.Dilute concentration.3.Temperature.4.Humidity.5.Minimize risk of Transmission of airborne

SAFTEY & PREVENTION TIP

1.STAY home as much as you can2.KEEP a safe distance3.WASH hands often4.COVER your cough5.SICK? Call ahead

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The main ways of virus transformation are as follows:

1.Direct Contact Less than 1 meter.

2.Droplets – when the droplet particles are < 5μm in diameter, they are referred to as droplet nuclei according to World Health Organization (WHO).

i)Mouth

ii)Nasal

iii)Eyes

iv)Through air at short

distance – talk.

v)Indirect – Surfaces such as

metal or floor etc.

3.Airborne Transmissioni)Airborne droplet Nuclei (Small droplet). These droplets rapidly evaporate in the air leaving.ii)Dust particles in the environment.

MODES OF INFECTION TRANSIMISSION OF VIRUS

NOTEWhen the droplet particles are >5 -10 μm in diameter they are referred to as respiratory droplets according to World Health

Organization (WHO).

A Suspension of fine solid or liquid particles in gas smoke, fog, and mist are named Aerosols.

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virus is primarily transmitted between people through respiratory droplets and contact routes.In an analysis of 75,465 COVID-19 cases in China, airborne transmission was not reported – WHO Website.Droplet transmission occurs when a person is in in close contact (within 1 m) with someone who has respiratory symptoms(e.g., coughing or sneezing) and is therefore at risk of having his/her mucosae (mouth and nose) or conjunctiva (eyes) exposedto potentially infective respiratory droplets.

Therefore, transmission of the COVID-19 virus can occur by direct contact with infected people and indirect contact withsurfaces in the immediate environment or with objects used on the infected person (e.g., stethoscope or thermometer).In the context of COVID-19, airborne transmission may be possible in specific circumstances and settings in which proceduresor support treatments that generate aerosols are performed; i.e. open suctioning, administration of nebulized treatment,disconnecting the patient from the ventilator etc..

MODES OF INFECTION TRANSIMISSION OF VIRUS

COVID-19

CONCLUSION

NOTE

Based on the available evidence, including the recent publications mentioned above, WHO continues to recommenddroplet and contact precautions for those people caring for COVID-19 patients. WHO continues to recommend airborne precautions for circumstances and settings in which aerosol generating procedures and support treatmentare performed, according to risk assessment.

WHO is aware of other studies which have evaluated the presence of

COVID-19 RNA in air samples, butwhich are not yet published in

peer-reviewed journals.

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Protective Environment named as – PE rooms are hospital rooms designed to protect a high-risk immunocompromised patient from human and environmental airborne pathogens. These are positive pressure rooms intended to keep patients safe during recovery from cancertreatment or stem-cell transplant.

CLASSIFICATION OF ISOLATION ROOMS

I n h o s p i t a l s , t h e r i s k o f a i r b o r n e v i r u s d i f f u s i o n m a i n l y d e p e n d s o n a i r f l o w b e h a v i o r a n d c h a n g e s i n d i r e c t i o n c a u s e d b y s u p p l y a i r a n d e x h a u s t a i r l o c a t i o n s . A n i m p r o v e d i s o l a t i o n r o o m v e n t i l a t i o n s t r a t e g y h a s b e e n d e v e l o p e d a n d i s f o u n d t o b e t h e m o s t e f f i c i e n t i n r e m o v i n g c o n t a m i n a n t s b a s e d o n o b s e r v a t i o n s a n d s i m u l a t i o n r e s u l t s . T h e r e a r e d i f f e r e n t c l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f r o o m s i n h o s p i t a l :a ) C l a s s S – S t a n d a r d P r e s s u r e R o o m . A S t a n d a r d r o o m w i t h n o r m a l a i r - c o n d i t i o n i n g i s a p p r o p r i a t e .b ) C l a s s P – P o s i t i v e r o o m a i r p r e s s u r e w h e r e a n i m m u n e - c o m p r o m i s e d p a t i e n t i s p r o t e c t e d f r o m a i r b o r n e t r a n s m i s s i o n o f a n y i n f e c t i o n .c ) C l a s s N – N e g a t i v e P r e s s u r e R o o m . T h e s e r o o m s a r e u s e d f o r p a t i e n t s r e q u i r i n g a i r b o r n e n u c l e i i s o l a t i o n . N e g a t i v e r o o m a i r p r e s s u r e , w h e r e o t h e r s a r e p r o t e c t e d f r o m a n y a i r b o r n e t r a n s m i s s i o n f r o m a p a t i e n t w h o m a y b e a n i n f e c t i o n r i s k .d ) C l a s s Q – N e g a t i v e r o o m a i r p r e s s u r e w i t h a d d i t i o n a l b a r r i e r s i n c l u d i n g a n A n t e r o o m f o r q u a r a n t i n e i s o l a t i o n .

Protective Environment Rooms

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AIIR rooms are a specialized application of a hospital's HVAC system for Messel, COVID -19, where the airflow supplied into the room is balanced with exhaust airflow to create at least -0.01” Water of gauges negative differential pressure with respect to an adjacent space, usually the hallway or an anteroom.Air-conditioning systems for negative pressure Isolation Rooms should be connected to an emergency power supply to maintain air pressurization in the event of a power failure. The room requires labelling as a negative pressure Isolation Room.

An Anteroom or airlock lobby, when attached to an Isolation room, functions as:A controlled area in which the transfer of supplies, equipment and persons can occur without contamination impacting on the surrounding health care areas.A barrier against the potential loss of pressurization.Controls the entry or exit of contaminated air when the anteroom door is opened.The Anteroom will require sufficient space to allow for storage of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) i.e. gowns and gloves for protective isolation. Anterooms should not be shared between Isolation rooms.

A clinical handwash basin with ‘hands free’ operation in the Isolation Room and the Anteroom, if provided:

An Ensuite shower and toilet

A self-closing door

100% outside air ventilation (i.e. no return air permitted), with low level exhaust ducts.

Airborne Infectious Isolation Rooms short form (AIIR)

Ante Rooms

Air-conditioning systems for negative pressure Isolation Rooms should be connected to an emergency power supply to maintain air pressurization in the event of a power failure. The room requires labelling as a negative

pressure Isolation Room.

A negative pressure Isolation Room

requires the following:

Type of Pressuriza�on * Isolation Room Anteroom Ensuite

Class S (Standard pressure) Not required

Class N (Negative Pressure) - 30 Pa - 15 Pa - 30 Pa

Class P (Positive Pressure) + 30 Pa + 15 Pa + 30 Pa

Class P with negative pressure Anteroom + 15 Pa - 15 Pa + 30 Pa

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ROLE OF HVAC SYSTEM EQUIPMENT SYSTEM

When designing the mechanical systems to support isolation rooms, the designer must consider not

only the airflow required to maintain the proper pressure differential, but also the location of the equipment, the serviceability of the equipment and equipment redundancy. Depending on the

number and type of isolation rooms in the facility, it is generally more economical to provide a single

larger system to serve multiple rooms than multiple smaller systems.

The same air-handling system that

serves other standard patient

rooms may be used for isolation

rooms.Theair-handling unit serving

the isolation rooms requires

minimum-efficiency reporting value (MERV) 7 pre-filters,with eitherMERV14orhigh-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) final filters. MERV 14 filters are adequate for AII negative pressure rooms and for

PE positive pressure rooms when

terminal HEPA filtration is used at the supply diffusers serving the PE room.

For the exhaust system serving AII rooms, the exhaust fan should be located outdoors, if

possible, and be placed as far

away from intakes and public

areas as practical, but no less

than 25 feet with discharge

above the roof. For outdoor

fans, all exhaust from AII rooms should be exhausted by means of a vertical exhaust stack or exhaust fan with a vertical discharge arrangement.If the

fan must be located inside,

welded ductwork should be

used downstream of the

exhaust fan, and a bag-in/bag-out filter

housing with pre-filters and HEPA filters should be installed upstream of the exhaust fan. The exhaust fans shall be served by emergency power,

and the fans should be labeled

as contaminated air to meet

the recommendations of the

Centers for Disease Control

andPrevention(CDC).and

Prevention.Redundancy of the

equipment also needs to be

considered and will depend on

the facility’s typical census of

infectious patients. On larger

systems serving multiple

rooms, redundant fans are

recommended so the failure of

a single fan does not

compromise the safety of

patients.

A. PRESSURE RELATIONSHIP. B. AIR CHANGE (SUPPLY / EXHAUST AIR).C. AIR FILTRATION. D. TEMPERATURE.E. HUMIDITY. F. AIR MOVEMENT (Supply & Exhaust).

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A negative pressure room in a hospital is used to contain airborne contaminants within the

room. Viruses, bacteria, fungi, yeasts, molds, pollens, gases etc.

A negative pressure isolation room is commonly used for patients with airborne infections like

COVID-19.According to the CDC, a patient known to have contracted the coronavirus can

spread it person-to-person.The negative-pressure isolation room therefore is designed to help

prevent the spread of a disease from an infected patient to others in the

hospital.Negative-pressure isolation rooms require a minimum of 12 air changes of exhaust per hour and must maintain a minimum -0.01-inch Water gauges negative-pressure

differential to the adjacent corridor whether an anteroom is utilized.

When an anteroom is provided, airflow should be from the corridor into the anteroom, and from the anteroom into the patient isolation room.

To maintain the required pressure differential, the exhaust air quantity must always be higher than the supply airflow. Depending on such factors as room size and the room’s heating and cooling loads, more than 12 air changes per hour may be necessary.

These individual control and equipment decisions come together in the designs of the

positive-pressure and negative-pressure rooms. These include:

Positive Isolation Rooms

A positive-pressure isolation room is designed to keep contagious diseases away from patients

with compromised immune systems, such as those with cancer or transplants. These rooms

require a minimum of

a) (a) 12 air changes per hour of supply air & minimum Fresh Air 02 air changes or more

b) Must maintain a minimum 0.01 inch WC positive-pressure differential, ensuring that the patient is protected from airborne contamination regardless of whether an anteroom is used.

A. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR PRESSURIZATION:

B. COVID -19 NEGATIVE PRESSURE ROOMS:

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Typically, a minimum airflow difference of 150 to 200 cubic feet per minute (CFM) is adequate to maintain pressure differential in a well-sealed room.

Temperature of room may be 21 to 24 C depends on the requirement. Humidity should be around 40% to 60%.Exhaust from negative-pressure isolation rooms, associated anterooms and associated toilet rooms must be discharged directly to the outdoors

without mixing with exhaust from any non-AII rooms.

However, multiple AII isolation rooms may be connected to the same exhaust system. The exhaust ductwork serving AII negative isolation rooms also should be permanently labeled as contaminated air within the facility.

An air change is how many times the air enters and exits a room from the HVAC system in one hour.

Room CFM Formula

Let’s look at this engineering formula differently. For example, what if the airflow is unknown and you need to calculate the required CFM for a room?

Here is a four-step process on how to calculate the room CFM:

Step One – Use the above Air Changes per Hour Table to identify the required air changes

needed for the use of the room. Let’s say it’s a conference room requiring 10 air changes per

hour.

Step Two - Calculate the volume of the room (L’ x W’ x H’).Step Three - Multiply the volume of the room by the required room air changes.

Step Four - Divide the answer by 60 minutes per Hour to find the required room CFM:Here’s an example of how to work the formula:

Typical Negative Pressure Isolation Room with Anteroom & Ensuite, showing airflows and relative pressure gradients

AIR CHANGE

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a)acceptable indoor air quality (IAQ): air in which

there are no known contaminants at harmful

concentrations,

b)determined by cognizant authorities, and with

which a substantial majority (80% or more) of the people exposed do not express dissatisfaction.

c)aird)ambient air: the air surrounding a building;

the source of outdoor air brought into a

building.

e)cool air: air whose temperature is less than

the average space temperature.

f)exhaust air: air removed from a space and

discharged to outside the building by means of

mechanical or natural ventilation systems.

g)indoor air: the air in an enclosed occupiable

space.

h)makeup air: any combination of outdoor and

transfer air intended to replace exhaust air and exfiltration.

i)outdoor air: ambient air and ambient air

that enters a building through a ventilation

system, through intentional openings for

natural ventilation, or by infiltration.j)primary air: air supplied to the ventilation

zone prior to mixing with any locally recirculated air.

k)recirculated air: air removed from a space

and reused as supply air.

l)return air: air removed from a space to be

recirculated or exhausted.m)supply air: air delivered by mechanical or

natural ventilation to a space and composed

of any combination of outdoor air,

recirculated air, or transfer air.

n)transfer air: air moved from one indoor

space to another. ceiling supply: air supplied

to the space more than 4.5 ft (1.4 m) above the floor.

CFM CALCULATION:

Length of Room 12 Feet

Width of Room 12 Feet

Height of Room 08 Feet

Air Change Requirement12 Minimum (ACH)

Area of Room 144 Sq. Feet

Volume of Room 1,152 Cubic Feet

Air Flow 230 CFM

CFM = ACH X Room volume in Cubic Ft / 60

(Min / Hr)

Where

ACH = Air Change Rate per Hour

CFM = Air Flow Rate (Cubic Feet per Minute)

Room volume = Space Volume (Cubic Feet)

DEFINITIONS AS PER ANSI / ASHRAE STANDARD 62.1 - 2019

CFM

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HEPA stands for High Efficiency Particulate Air and is a filtration rating that captures microbes, dust, and particulates down to 0.3 Micron. But what does that really mean and how do they work?The U.S. Department of Energy first termed HEPA as a filtering specification for suppliers of filtration products based on how effective they were at particle removal.HEPA filters consist of a complicated mix of filaments and fibers that carry a static charge which lures various microbes and particles like a magnet.HEPA filters should be mandatory in all healthcare-sensitive environments such as hospitals, clinics, quarantine facilities etc.An interesting study performed by NASA indicated that HEPA filters were able to capture sub-micron particulate down to 0.1 micron!You can view the study here: NASA HEPA Study

The chart (next slide) shows the MERV ratings. It shows particle size ranges. It also shows air filter efficiency levels. Efficiency is measured by the percentage of particles captured.

A MERV rating chart shows a numerical value. The range is from 1 (lowest efficiency) to 20 (highest efficiency).

AIR FILTERATION

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Airborne Transmission

ASHRAE Standard 170 2008/ 2013 or CDC defines for airborne infectious isolation room to supply and return grilles for air flow to protect the infectious particles.Doors should design as per isolation standard room.Windows should be proper sealed.Air Change Per Hour should check coz low means starve and high means turbulence.In clinic and open grocery room – they can use plastic or glass at different points in order to restrict the cough & sneeze and then clean it. Require more study.Please see the video shown for isolation room COVID 19 recently.

Temperature of the room should be design. Normally design 21 C to 24 C.Humidity should be between 40% to 60%.

TEMPERATURE & HUMIDITY

COMMISSIONING & MAINTENANCE

AIR RESTICTION AND SUPPLY & RETURN AIR FLOW DIRECTIONS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBR-s-a6IaU

1. After construction is completed, but prior to occupancy, the mechanical or balancing contractor typically will adjust the airflow quantities as directed by the design engineer to ensure that the isolation room is operating as Pressure Difference between the rooms. Air Flow directions between the corridor and anteroom, anteroom and patient room.2. Air Flow patterns within the patient room should be tested to ensure that there are no stagnant areas.3. In addition, isolation rooms should be commissioned to prove correct pressure relationships, proper operation of room controls and the functionality of the pressure monitor and alarms.4. Most manufacturers of pressure monitor also recommend that the pressure monitor be recalibrated annually. The results of this periodic testing should be recorded because the authority having jurisdiction may request the data during a survey.5. The tightness of the room should be checked and documented. The containment of the isolation room should be checked and documented.6. In addition to routine testing of the isolation room, the hospital staff who will be utilizing or maintaining the room should be trained on the proper use of the room, including how the pressure monitor works.7. It also can be used to alert hospital staff, if the room is not performing as designed.8. HEPA Filter pressure drop should be checked and documented.9. The maintenance should be checked as per the guidelines for the classification and design of isolation rooms in healthcare facilities:10. The planned maintenance should be scheduled at an interval not greater than 13 weeks and the following items should be checked.11. Air Change Rate.12. Supply Air & Exhaust Air Quantities.13. Terminal HEPA Filters.14. Exhaust Register.15. Room Pressure Gauges.16. Damage to the room interior.17. Supply & Exhaust Fans.18. Room seals and Door closer.19. BMS System, if applicable.The exhaust fan should be located outdoors and placed as far

away from intakes and public areas as practical with discharge above the roof

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CONCLUSION REFERENCES1.World Health Organization

Web Site.

2.NASA Website Link.

3.CDC – The Centers for

Disease Control.

4.Guidelines for the Classification & design of Positive / Negative Pressure

Rooms.

5.OSHA - Occupational Safety

and Health Administration

6.CHT Healthcare

7.BSD Solutions

8.HVAC-ENG Website

9.ASHRAE Handbook 2019 –

HVAC Applications

10.ASHRAE Standard 2016 For

Location of Filters.

11.MERV Table – ASHRAE

12.ANSI / ASHRAE Standards

62.1 – 2019

1.Calculate the load and match the equipment as per

the design requirement.

2.Use HEPA Filters - 99.97% effective of 0.3 Microns.3.Dehumidification.4.Fresh Air as per the requirement of application.5.Minimum 12 ACH requires & minimum Fresh Air 02

air changes or more.

6.Humidification, if require.7.Heating, if require.

8.Room Temp. 70 F to 75 F (21 – 24 C) and RH 40% to 60%.9.Positive Pressure Room or Negative Pressure Room

at least 0.01 inches of water gauge.

10.Exhaust Air should require HEPA filters most of the cases and velocity should be above 10 m/sec.

11.Use plastic or glass shield in the open area such as

entrance hall, clinic area, shopping mall etc to avoid the

spread of droplets.

12.Labelling on entrance of room.

13.Proper Commissioning.

14.Operation & Maintenance as per the guide-lines.

DISCLAIMERThis article is a preliminary finding and guideline all comments and suggestion are welcome to fine tune. Pakistan HVACR Society and the author may be indemnified on any implementation. It is suggested to further investigate before any final execution.

PAKISTAN HVACR SOCIETY E-NEWS · E-NEWS Nov-march 2020 By the Grace of Allah Almighty on 18 Nov,...

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