Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
-
Upload
muhammad-kashif-ali -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
0
Transcript of Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
1/47
Pakistan Archaeo
um er
8 972
dited
y
Muhammad Ishtiaq Khan
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
2/47
A SUMMARY OF
EXCAVATIONS AND EXPLORATIONS IN PA
1971 and 1972
M
Rafique Mughal
Ph D
Plates
XXIV XXXIX
igures 34 40
ONT NT S
EXCAVATIONS
Excavation at Satghara
Excavation at Jalilpur
Excavation at Zarif Karuna
Excavation
at
Sarai Khola:
The final
season of 1972
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
3/47
The following summary deals with the field works, under
1971 and 1972 by the Explorations and E x c a v ~ t i o n s B r a n c h
Archaeology and Museums in Pakistan. During this period, ex
out at the prehistoric andprotohistoric sites of Jalilpur, Sa
Karuna, and at a medieval settlement of Satghara (Fig. 34 . I
ings at selected sites, extensive explorations were undertakell in
and Sind provinces. The results of these archaeological
field
here briefly. The detailed reports on these fielclworks shall be p
of
time.
EXCAVATION
AT SATGHARA
Just as the excavations at Tulamba
1
were prompted by
tion
of
obtaining a choronological sequence
for
assigning an
number
of
settlements then being discovered in the central
reasons necessitated a limited excavation at Satghara, located
Tulamba. The site
of
Satghara also offered a promise bf
y
evidence
of
the late Medieval period (16th
to
19th century A
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
4/47
EXCAVATIONS AND EXPOLRATIONS
and the descendents of Mir Chakar Rind
were
thrown out of the
they had held for centuries. The modern
village
of Satghara, locate
side the fort, show s no signs of an ancient habitation. appears t
located on the western out-skirts of
the
village marks
the ancient s
also
attested
by
the evidence recovered in course
of
the recent
e
The mound is called Satghara Tibba
locally.
It measures
and is about ten feet high above the surrounding level Fig.
35).
miles northeast of Okara in Sahiwal district.
As
a result of distur
cultivators, large piles of postsherds and brick-bats are lying on
order to find out the nature of habitation in different parts of th
tery samples
were
gathered from the surface of arbitrarily demar
mound. The variations in occurence of certain ceramic types indic
from different
areas,
strongly suggested that the western part of
abandoned earlier than the middle part which constitutes the mai
over, the area represented
by
seemingly
two
detached mounds on
southern ends contains rubbish dumps or perhaps industrial wast
Two ancient brick-lined wells loc;lted along the eastern
edge
of
. being used.
The excavation at Satghara was canied out
by
the present
Summer of 1971 . An exploratory trench, measuring IS x 16 fee
middle of the mound., Underneath a
mass
of fallen debris loaded
bats and constituting our layers I) and 2), regular structures of b
ted with an occupation
level
3)
were
brought to light. The siz
6 6. x4x inches, corresponds to those used in the ancient
now surviving in Satghara village. Another structure of burnt-bri
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
5/47
CONTOUR P N
OF
S TGH R 97
ontour
nhrv ls
in
Feen
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
6/47
EXCAVATIONS
AND
EXPLORATIONS
14th and 16th centuries A.D. However, many ceramic types a
rent from those known
so
far in the central Punjab. In the
material from the site, the comparable ceramics and antiquities w
tive date of 16th to 18th century A.D. and even later, which ma
entire occupation
of
Satghara Tibba. Several pottery vessels recall
earthen wares which are being produced by half a dozen potters
The pottery is mainly of red colour with
few
exceptions
principal forms
of
pottery
vessels
consist
of
large pans with o
flat
base like modern kun fi bowls with round or
flat
base of
unpainted
vessels, oil lamps and narrow-necked vases. The gla
found.
Among
the antiquities found in the trench include severa
ivory beads, beads
of
teiracotta and semi-precious stones, and a
Coins
were
neither found from the surface nor in the excavati
EXCAVATION AT JAULPUR
The prehistoric site of Jalilpur
is
located about three mil
bank
of
the
Ravi
and at a distance of forty-six miles southwest
central Indus vallet. The materials collected from the surface in
the settlement was culturally related with the pre-defence layer
Harappa, Kalibangan-I in northern Rajasthan n Kot Diji.
cally,
it belonged to the Early Harappan period
of
the en eater I
able to the early third millennium B.C. and earlier. Moreover,
tions at Gumla and Hathala in the Gomal
valley,
located at the
Sulaiman range , at Sarai Khola in the Potwar Plateau , and at Si
in the upper Sarasvati basin between the Yamuna and tlle Sutlej
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
7/47
PAKISTAN ARCHAEOLOGY
Jalilpur, the site
was
not occupied during the Mature Harapp
it remained abandoned until the Medieval period. Therefore,
at Jalilpur, a cultural sequence belonging only to the Early H
then, to relate it with other contemporary settlements. With t
the excavation was carried out by the author during the mont
1971
8
At present, the mound o Jalilpur covers an area o 120
maximum height o fifteen feet above the surrounding culti
height
is
included an occupation o the Medieval period
whi
southeastern part o the site
only.
Otherwise, the ~ u n with
is
low and flat in the middle with a
maXImum
height o only
Two trenches were laid almost in the middle o the mou
tion o the Medieval period did not exist. The first trench, nu
pened to be on a prehistoric dump and therefore, it was aban
trench, marked A B, Was laid on an almost
flat
surface where
walls was indicated by the visible difference in the colour o
measured 56 x
60 feet
originally, but the area had
to be
reduc
our digging progressed. The virgin soil
was
reached at
an
ave
from the existing surface. The total cultural accumulation c
layers, numbered from top I , to bottom 6A PI. XXVB . Th
these layers could be grouped into two main periods o co
Period I, the first on the natural soil,
was
represented by tllr
and Period above with two structural phases, lIA e
PI.
XXVB . Some patches o mud
floor
with pottery
s tu
inches below the existing surface which belonged to the struc
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
8/47
EXCAVATIONS AND EXPLORATIONS
percentage
of
carinated cups and dishes and an abundance
of
p
nizable shape because of their rounded edges, as
if
rolled by w
are mostly of pale-red colour, light in weight and soft in textu
Their body
is so
soft that it can be peeled or rubbed off easily, r
OCP Ochre-Coloured Pottery). From the mud floor laid o
kankar
one rectangular bead
of
gold sheet with tubular perforatio
and several barrel-shaped cylindrical beads
of
terracotta PI. XX
found. The other finds from Period I include terracotta net-s
numerous bone points PI. XXVIIIA, 12 and a large number
sheep, goat and
gazelle 10,
mostly burnt and with sharply cut
ed
of animal bones suggests that the animal meat constituted a part o
Period
No object
of
copper or bronze
was
found in Perio
should be recalled that the presence
of
either copper or bronz
even at Sarai Khola I and in the non-pottery levels assigned to
However, numerous bone points and chert blades are reported fro
of these sites, and .also from Kile Gul Mohammed I in the Qet
in Kalat, Amri IA and
also
from Rana Ghundai I in the Loral
perhaps, a common level or knowledge
of
tool technology durin
nium
E.G.
in the Indus valley and Baluchistan.
The change of material culture from Period I to
II
was g
break between the two major occupations
of
JaIilpur. This f
evidence reported from Sarai Khola, where an abrupt change
beginning
of
Period
II
in the so-called transitional level IA
11
wares of Period I at Jalilpm, a small percentage of red-slipped wa
with black-and-brown or chocolate-on-red are present, especiall
third layers
~ b o v e
the natural soil PI. XXVIA,3). These war
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
9/47
12
PAKISTAN ARCHAEOLOGY
I
\
\
I
2
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
10/47
EXCAVATIONS AND EXPLORATIONS
with t h ~ predominently wheelmade wares. But the handmade glo
applique external surface persist through all levels of Period II.
phically, the ceramic tradition of Period overlaps with that of Pe
In Period n two structures of mud brick and mud lumps a
2) and 1 , respectively associated with the first Phase HA, and the
PI. XXVB . t should be noted that the sub-division of Period
A B, in only structIU al and not based on significant changes in th
recovered from layers
3)
to
1) of
Period II.
The levels belonging to Period
yielded a great variety
antiquities which can be compared. with the sites of the early t
B.C. or
of
the early Harappan cultural phase throughout the Gre
and with the contemporary sites in northern Baluchistan and also
on further west. Among the principal groups
of
pottery, some
PIs. XXVIA
B, XXVIIB and Figs. 37 and
38.
However,som
necessary on their chronological and cultural significance,
. The painted pottery includes black--on-red
PI.
XXVIB,
1,2
Fig. 37,1,3 and 4; Fig. 38,7 8), black-on-buff slip or on buff b
9--11,13; Fig.
37,
2 and Fig.
38, 9),
and black-and-white w ares P I.
and 12). The black--on-red pottery, consists of the diagnostic Ko
globular shape with plain exterior, short neck, and painted with si
on the neck and above the base Fig. 37, 3
4), as already famili
type-site
of
Kot Diji, Amri, Sarai Khola, Gumla, pre-defence le
Kalibangan-I and also from several sites in northern Baluchistan. Th
shape and with horizontally grooved exterior,
as
known from the cen
Indus valley sites but not at Kot Diji
also
occur in Jalipur
wh
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
11/47
122
PAKISTAN ARCHAEOLOGY
In the Indus
valley,
the bichrome pottery with designs differen
is usually associated with the Amrian Wares of southwestern
to have spread from north (southern Afghanistan) and Tur
through Baluchistan13.
Its discovery at Jalilpur and in the
would suggest that the bichrome pottery tradition also sprea
through the Gomal Pass from perhaps the same source.
Th
brown or black-on-buff slip or on buff body, including the ver
from Jalilpur II (Fig.
38, 9),
are highly suggestive of links, e
with the ceramic traditions of southern Iran.
The
comb inc
is also comparable with that from several sites in Baluchistan
specimens painted with white and bordered with black come
combination
of
white-and-black colours in painted designs on p
to us from the early Harappan levels of Kalibangan-I, at Sisw
related sites in the Punjab including a part of Haryana.
T
white-and-black on surface or on light-red slip
is
sometimes
in the east central Indus
valley.
The mature phase of the Harappan culture is not repr
from the levels associatedwith Period II were found, black-on-
from page 121
It should be-pointed out that a critical study of the materials assigned to Gumla II
ferent story and some conclusions drawn from its sequence by Dani, may have to be revis
ence found recently from
alilpUr
II and Sarai Khola II the whole material found in G
well, both chronologically and culturally, into the
EiU ly
Harappan ultttn phase
of
the
Mature Harappan period. Numerous pottery forms and also other objects from Gumla
pare precisely with those from r i Khola
II
JaIllpur
II
Kalibangan-I, with the earl
The
nOllMIndus
pottery
of
Gumla II-III, suchas the 'wet' and 'FaizMohammadWares', 'P
black-andMwhite, 'Red-on-Red Slip', chocolate/brown and black or black on red wares, ar
northern Baluchistan dated to the early third millennium B.C.
Judging by most of the artifacts and pottery, Gtnnla IV clearly demonstrates a co
the early periods. Just as the Harappan traits occur in the early third millenniumB.C. c
Kot Diji, at
KalibanganMI
and at Jalilpur where mature Harappan is absent), the,inters
black-on-red, terracota'cakes' and perforated wares, also appear in Gumla IV in associat
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
12/47
j j
EXCAVATIONS AND EXPLORATIONS
7
\ ~ 7
,
8
9
, I I
I
10
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
13/47
124
PAKISTAN ARCHAEOLOGY
intersecting circular design PI. XXVIB, 2and Fig. 38,7), terracotta
humped bull figurines XXVlIA,
4 ,
toy-cart frames XXVIIA
with single or double hub XXVlIA, 1 , bangles of grey and re
or conjoined, with traingular, rectangular and circular section, a
and shell.
n
addition to the chert blades XXVIII, 1-4 showing
on their glossy edges, chert cores, a number
of
pestles and saddl
found. Beads
of
agate XXVIII, 5 , carnelian and terracotta
covered. Of special interest are the beads and numerous unw
lazuli found in Period
contexts and from the surface XXV
at Jalilpur is significant, for, it provides evidence of a long dista
existing between the Indus valley and outside regions during
period. The principal source
of
lapis lazuli has been in Badak
istan)
for
South Asia and for the entire Near East
The terrac
Period
XXVII, 8-10) are comparable in style with those fo
in Iranian Sistan, Gumla
and Sarai Khola II. A few pi
rods also come from Period II.
At the northwestern edge
of
the mound, the surface
w
sands
of
potsherds, some
of
which ware over-fired and mixed w
earth. A small pit C , measuring 8 x 4 feet,
Was
excavated to ex
occupations and to determine whether
01
not such a heavy co
mixed with reddened earth was due to the presence of a pot
The total thickness
of
occupations
Was
nine feet above the nat
one structure
of
mud brick appeared.
In
the top most laye
deposit containing pottery waste and fired clay pieces
was
encou
the presence
of
a pottery kiln
01
some other similar activity.
represented in trench C . The entire deposit yielded p
Period ouly, suggesting an expansion
of
the settlement durin
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
14/47
EXCAVATIONS AND EXPLORATIONS
EXCAVATION AT ZARIF KARUNA
Another cemetery site resembling those of Swat and D
with the Gandhara Grave Culture of the second millennium
accidently discovered in the Peshawar plain, about 18 miles nor
and on the road
to
Warsak near the village of Zarif Karuna. The
occupied a large area, 1320 x 800 yards originally, but it has been
to the erosion by a hill torrent and by the
local
cultivators. ord
rials from the disturbed area and also from the stratified contexts, e
was carried out in November
1971
by
Mr.
M. Abdul Halim, assiste
Khan. Along with the excavation, 12 graves with their materials
In
all,
45
graves were exposed. n
the
stratigraphical evidence, f
superimposed one above the other, could be differentiated. Th
earliest type, represents single individuals buried in inflexed p
goods PI. XXIXA C , like those discovered in Period 1 at
Multiple burials with funerary objects mark the second type.
burials
of
the third type, human bones and ashes were placed in la
with the grave goods PI. XXIXB). Another phase of the Zarif
represented. by the burials of un-burned fractional bones.
The grave chambers are made
of
stones and the floors ar
with stone slabs. Two rings of stones, one above the grave cham
near the surface, mark the presence of graves.
the method
modes
of
burials, these graves resemble those
of
Timargarha (Per
the Swat valley (Period V-VII).
.naddition to the funerary pottery of red and grey colour
racotta female and bull figurines, and personal ornaments
of
bo
stone were found. The mailirials from Zarif Karuna are com
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
15/47
126
PAKISTAN ARCHAEOLOGY
or
less,
between the end
of
Hissar
IIIC
l84 65 E.G
and t
Early Iron Age 1400 E.c.) on the h anian p1ateau
1
Thus, the
such parallels may
call for
reconsideration.
EXCAVATION AT SARA KHOLA: T FINAL SEA
The excavations at Sarai Khola were carried out
for
four
years
1968
and 1971 and the results have already been reported
current issues
of
this Journal. However, in view
of
the new evid
Gumla and Jalilpur in 1971, the stratigraphical position of certai
Khola and especially, the nature
of
change
as
reflected in the
Periods
and II required re-checking and if possible, further
also
necessary to study the physical environment of the Taxi
Sarai Khola
was
located. The material relics discovered at Sa
settlement pattern which
was
emerging
as
a result
of
exploratio
area, called for a fresh look on the
whole
evidence for cultural
The Department
of
Archaeology and Museums, invite
Hasan Dani
of
the University
of
Islamabad
for
collaboration w
and the excavations at Sat ai Khola Were resumed for the fitth seas
were laid on the western side
of
the mound to connect the al
and for re-ehecking the stratigraphical position
of
various arti
the sequence of occnpations already established at Sarai Khola
was
fully confirmed. Dne to the limited area excavated, not
ceramic and non-ceramic materials, reported in this issue
of
the
but whatever was recovered, it Was already known. There was,
exception in the pottery
of
Period II. A Kot Dijian vessel has f
side
of
the rim which look like hooks with ends turned up (to
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
16/47
EXCAVATIONS AND ,EXPLORATIONS
Within the time:range
of
the fourth millenni
UlIl
B.C., as suggest
of
Period I at Sarai Khola, fall different kinds,'
of
materials reye
diffcrent areas, for example, at Jalilpur I and Gumla I, respective
Indus plain and the piedmont plain. During Period
II
Sarai Kho
tion in the Plateau, became an integral part of the cultural develo
,plain. Thus, together with other contemporary settlements; S
constituted an early developmental stage
of
that cultural phenome
in the form
of
the Indus Civilization during the succeeding period
the absence of the mature phase
of
the Harappan culture in
the
not yet fully
known.
However, this area did share the fortunes
o
as
attested by, the,
ce;meteries of
Period
III
comparable in time
of
Gumla VI, and, by the materials
of
Period IV which seem
to b
in
the Taxila valley and elsewhere in northern Pltkistan.
EXPLORATION IN CENTRAL PUNJAB: SAIUWA
Along
with the excavation at S a t g h ~ r a , a number of ancie
eval period were recorded.
was
observedtha,t the ,ancient
p ~
almost duplicated that of modern villages in the Punjab plain a
also
demonstrable around Tulamba in Multan district, located 82
Satghara. It
was
considered necessary to confum this feature
of
ment pattern'
irtyet
iartother area; Thus, a small area 'around A
between Satghara alld .Tulamba
was
selected for an intensive s
located}6miles southo{Sahiwa\ on
,the
vast
cover,
plain
of
th
Beas
r v r ~ The
survey was initiated ,anddirecred by the pre
month of April 1971. No prehistoric site
was
discovered in thes
dates assigned to the sites that are listed below are based on th
alone with reference to the chronological sequence of Satghar
arid Tulamba akistan
Archaeology
No. 4,1967, p. .2h FOl; r
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
17/47
8
PAKISTAN ARCHAEOLOGY
It
is,
however pointed (Jut that only thei;urface collectio
approximate time-range for each site because test diggings
wer
Boduwida Tibba
Location:
Size:
Foul;
miles southwest
of
Satghara; about 1000
yards
south
of
C
the
kucka
dirt
road.
A low mound S feet high 378 feet North-South and 270 feet E
Cultural association: Satghara early levels; about 16th century A.D and later.
2. Chak
18 IR
Ma1Zakwalti
Location:
Size:
Two
mils southeast of Satghara and half a mile south of the vi
486 feet o r t h ~ S o u t h 216 feet East-West and about 9 feet h
Cultural association: Tulamba Period III and IV 8th-14th century D
3.
BU1Zdgarh
Chak
38 2R
Location:
Size:
Between milestone 3 and 4 on Okara-Lya11pur road on the east
village.
feet East-West 296 feet North-South and 8 feet high.
Size:
Location:
Cultural association: Satghara about 17th-18th century A.D.
4.
Chak
63 EB
One
and a
half
miles east
of
Arifwala between the metalled road
and southeast
of
Chak 63..EB.
A low mound about 4 feet high 98 feet North-South and 90 f
This
mound
is
being destroyed by the local cultivators. The
burnt-bricks measuring 8x7xl inches.
Cultural association: Satghara 16th-18th chutury
A D
5. Chak 19-EB
Location:
Two
and a
half
miJes cast ofArifwaJa arid south of the metalled
on its casten side.
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
18/47
EXCAVATIONS AND EXPLORATIONS
7
Chak Mohammad Nawaz
Size:
Location:
Over two miles North-Northeast ofSatghara and west of the kud
432
feet North-South)
378
East-West) and
12
feet high. Modern
foot.
Cultural association: Satghara) 16th-18th century A.D.
8
Estate
Tibba
Location:
Size:
One and a half miles southeast
of
Satghara) one mile northeast
of
and west side of the Satghara-Renala Khurd road.
240
feet North-South. 324 feet East-West) and about 7 feet high.
Size:
Location:
Cultural association: Tulamba Period III) 8th-12th century A.D.
9
Haiderwala
Tibba
One and half miles east of Satghara. four and a half miles nort
on the road to Satghara.
n almost circular mound) 440 feet n damater with a height o
been cut into two parts by a water channel.
Cultural association: Tulamba Period II I and IV 8th-14th century A.D. There arc
occupation but could not be confirmed.
1 Haripur Chak 19 GD
Location:
Sizc:
Over five miles southwest of Satghara, one and a half miles no
above
No.1
and east of the Joya Minor.
293 feet North-South,
440
feet East-West) and height 155 feet.
Cultural association: Tulamba Period III to VA 8th to 16th century A.D.
II. Jamal Khan
Tibba
Location:
Size:
Two miles southeast of Arifwala and cast of the village of Gulo
A circular mound,about 200 feet across and 10 feet high. Two tub
on it.
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
19/47
Size:
Location:
3
PAKISTAN ARCHAEOLOGY
14. Lal Khan Tibba
Less than two miles south
of
Arifwala, to northwest and outsid
6
feet
North-South,
feet East, and 7 feet high. The m
considerably for cultivation and a tube-well has been installed
Cultural association: Tulamba Period
II I
and later, 8th-12th century
A D
15. Manjlvala (Chak 13-IR
Location:
Size:
Four
miles
northeast-East of Satghara, to southeast
of
the
unmetalled road.
162 feet North-South, 216 feet East-West, and 6 feet high.
Size:
Location:
Cultural association: Tulamha Period VA and later, 16th-18th century A.D. an
16.
Manjwala
One-half mile northwest of Manjwala No. 15 above and so
Ful l extent not possible to determine due to
the
graves ove
about fOUf kallals.
Cultural association: Satghara,
t h ~ 8 t h
century A.D.
17.
Qabttla
Location:
Size:
Outside the town of cebula located seven iniIes south of Arifw
on
a
high monud.
A
circular mound, 126 feet across and
7
feet high.
Cultural association: Satghara, 16th-18th century A.D.
18.
Q treshiill'rvali
Dlzeri
Location:
Size:
Over two miles due south
of
Satghara on the northern bank
road to Okara.
75
feet North-South, 5 feet East-West, and
4
to
4
feet high
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
20/47
21 Tibba Mehboob Shah
EXCAVATIONS, AND X P L O ~ T I O N S
Location:
ize
Overoue
mile
southwest of
Satghard.
617
feet N o r t l i ~ S o t t h
586
feet East-West aboUt 6 feet h i g h ~
Cultural association:
TuIarnba
Pcriod III 8th-12th century A.D.
22
Wahidpur Chal;; lO IR
Location:
Size:
Four miles northcast
Satghara
and south of the Dhuliana IR
4 5
feet North-South 5 3 feet East-West and about 2 feet high.
Cultural association: Tulamba
Period
III VA
8th
to
16th century
A.D.
EXPLORATION
N
NORTHERN PUNJAB: CAMPBEL
RAWALPINDI DISTRICTS18
Simultaneously with the excavations at Sarai Khola, imp
were being made in the Gomal valley and at Jalilpur which wer
spectives to the question of genesis and growth of the Indus Ci
group of handmade, mat marked and burnsihed pottery of Sarai K
problems as regards its origin, distribution and cultural associat
levels of Gumla and Jalilpur were producing evidence which could
related with Sarai Khola This peculiar feature of marked
material culture is in sharp contrast to the next cultural phase at Sarai
which is not only very closely related with the materials of Jalilpur
but is also wide-spread throughout the Indus river valley Pro
had already recorded a succession of third millennium H C sites
in
and there was a strong suggestion that the Potwar Plateau and esp
leading to or from the Gomal valley were likely
to
provide addi
on the spread of Sarai Khola related settlements of the early
c Thus, the exploration ofTaxila valley in which Sarrai Khola
i
ried out which
was later on extended further to the southwest in the
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
21/47
132
PAKIsrAN ARCHAEOLOGY
exposing its cultUTal contents which are visible in the section
lected from the surface
PI.
XXX, 5-35 , indicate that the se
contemporary with
Sarai
Khola periods II and
IV.
Som
are also visible in the Sarai Khola II related levels at
pointed out that at
Sarai
Khola, the levels associated with Pe
few
structures
The pottery from Jhang comparable with that of Sarai K
handmade, red burnished and coarse wares PI. XXX,
5
wh
as Sarai Khola pottery types
II
and IV; the Kot Dijian
w
grooved exterior surface
PI.
XXX, 10-13 , and flanged vesse
6-8 and 16 comparable with Sarai Khola types VII, VIII,
and XIII bowls with multiple painted lines on the inner sid
offering stands with dishes
PI.
XXX, 17 and 14-15 lik
types XIV and XIVA. Stone celts XXX,
26,
27 , terracotta
and cakes XXX, 28 , terracotta beads XXX, 30,31 , bone
an agate bead and one shell bangle XXX,
24
were also
found.
all the potential of enriching
U know ledge
of the Early H
with additional information,
if
proper excavation is undertake
From the site of Khannda, measUTing
606
x
220
yard
the pottery comparable with that
of
Sarai Khola
II
PI.
X
found. The third site, Pind Nausheri, represents a
small
m
feet in height. In a small pottery collection, only a couple o
are present PI. XXX,
2-4 .
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
22/47
EXCAVATIONS AND EXPLORATIONS
EXPLOR TIONS IN
SOUTHERN
SIN
The eastern part o the lower Indus
valley,
lying between the
Thar desert, has been virtually unknown archaeologically.
As
a r
duration and extent
o various settlements, and their cultural
not dear. One o the reasons was that before rndependence 19
research
was
largely concentrated in the western part o Sind
rndus river and the Kirthar range, where Moenjodaro
is
located.
work
itself
Was
mostly oriented towards further elaboration o the
tures with refrenee
to
the Indus Civilization. Only a single site, Ch
on the eastern left bank o the Indus river
was
excavated which re
known Harappan culture. t
was
after Independence that the De
aeology
and Museums in Pakistan, undertook selective excavati
historic sites Kot Diji and Naru
Waro
Dharo and also at an e
Mansura , located on the eastern side o the
lower
Indus valle
these excavations, limited surveys
were
carried out around the pr
indicated a diversity o cultuml relics. This region has al
nently in the early Islamic and Medieval times. Moreover
ancient rivers system in eastern Sind, emphasises its geograph
the context o an eastward extension o the Indus Civilization. A
fringes o the Thar desert,
flows
the Hakra-Nara channel which
by
the Sutlej river and also by the frequent overspiIls o the In
also lies between the heavy dusters of the Harappan settlemen
northern Rajasthan and
Punjab on north, and those
o
Kutch and
south. Such geographical,
as well as
archaeological consideratio
Department o Archaeology
to
launch a comprehensive program
explorations ;n lower Sind
along
with starting a systematic survey o
country.
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
23/47
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
24/47
EXCAVATIONS
AND
EXPLORATIONS
96. Two more forts, Wagojo-kot
and Rattu Kot
were also
ma
graves
built of carved stones,
commonly
known as the Cha
also numerous in this region
which
consist of
Nos. 3,4, 11,
73,
80, 98, 99
and 100.
Sites
in
southern
Sind
1972
Abbreviations:
L
p
Early
historical 1st ot
7th
cent
Late
Historical l9th-20th ce1Ztu
Medieval
8th to 18th century A.D
Neolithic
Protohistoric
Site
No
ame
the
site
alllka
istrict
Banbhorc Mirpur Sakro
Thatta
2.
Tharro Hill Gujo
Thatta
Thatta
3.
Thana Hill
Gujo Graves
Thatta Thatta
4.
Goth Raj
Malik
Mirpur
Sakro
Thatta
5.
Rano Kat
Mirpur Sakro
Thatta
6.
Rano
Kat Graves Mirpur Sakro
Thatta
7.
Goth
Tilllia Kati
Bandar
Thatta
8.
Goth
Fazal Khan Kati Bandar
Thatta
9.
Miran Biloch Brahmani
Kati
Bandar Thatta
10.
Shah
Hussain
Thatta
Thatta
11.
Shah
Hussain
Graves
Thatta Thatta
12.
Uderolal
Gara Bari
Thatta
13.
Pir Patha Gara Bari
Thatta
14.
Pir Patha Graves
Gara Bari
Thatta
15.
Kalan Kat
Thatta
Thatt3
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
25/47
136
PAKISTAN ARCHAEOLOGY
_ ~ ~
._
ite
o
ame the site
Tau ka
Distric
3 Deh
Semanijo-daro
v rpur ot ro
Thatta
31
Haji Kamiso Chandiojo-daro
Mirupur Botaro
Thatta
32 Buleh Shahjo daro
Mirupur
Botaro
Thatta
33
Mirpurjo-daro
Thatta
Thalla
34
Sattio;o-daro
Mirpur Boaro
Thatta
35
Hatrijo-daro
Mirupur
Botaro
Thatta
36 Karim Bakhojo-daro
Mirupur
Boam
Thatta
37
Rahunjo-daro
Mirpur
Boaro
Thana
38
Meccacejo-daro
Mirupur Boaro
Thatta
39 Lal Chatta
Tando Mohd Khan
Hydera
4
Junio-daro
Tando Mohd Khan
Hydera
41
Fateh Bagb I
Tando Mohd. Khan
Hydera
42
Fateh Bagh II
Tando Mohd Khan
Hydera
43
Fateh Bagh Graves
Tando Mohd. Khan Hydera
44 Tando
GhuJam
Haiderjo-daro
Tando Mohd. Khan Hydera
45
Lasharijo-daro
Tando
Mohd.
Khan
Hyderab
46
Dand-ko-khanjo-daro
Tando Mohd. Khan Hydera
47 Jurna Jakhrojo-daro
Tando Mohd Khan Hydera
48
Talib Shahio-daro Tando Mohd.
Khan
Hydera
49
Tulja daro
Tando Mohd. Khan
Hydera
5
Mahmudanijo-daro
Tando
Mohd.
Khan
Hydera
51
Tharojo-daro
Tando Mohd. Khan Hydera
52
Ismail Shahjo-daro
Tando
Mohd Khan
Hydera
53
Amrijo-daro
Tando Mohd. Khan Hydera
54
Marl
Wassayo
Tando Mohd Khan
Hydera
55
KhinmKot
Tando Mohd
Khan
Hydera
56 Kakejo-daro
Tando Mohd. Khan Hydera
57
Dilhardi;o-daro
Tando
Mohd.
Khan
Hydera
58
Mirzajo-daro
Tando Mohd
Khan
Hydera
59
Aselijo-daro
Tando Mohd. Khan
Hydera
6
Misri Shahjo-daro
Tando Mohd. Khan Hydera
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
26/47
EXCAVATIONS AND EXFLORATIONS
-- -
Site
o
Name
the site
Taulka
istrict
76.
urkhunjo kot
Mithi
Hyderabad
77.
Abdullah Shahjo daro Mithi
y d e ~ b a d
78. Dabrijo daro
Mithi
Hyderabad
79.
Amriwarjo daro
Mithi
Hyderabad
80.
Sangranijo muqam
Mithi
Hyderabad
81.
M o r j o ~ d a r o
Mithi Hydcrabad
82.
ThaI
Bangar
Tando
Bago
Hydcrabad
83.
Wasi Pir Misrijo daro Tando Bago
Hyderabad
84.
Otanjo daro Badin
Hyderabad
85.
Shah Ghuriojo daro
Badin
Hyderabad
86. Ibrahim ShahjoHdaro
Badin
Hyderabad
87. Old Badin
Badin Hyderabad
88.
Malhianjo daro
Badin
Hyderabad
89.
Kohaljo daro
Badin
Hyderabad
90.
Varjo daro Badin
Hyderabad
91.
Roopa Marl
Badin
Hyderabad
92.
Pano
Lunkijo daro
Badin
Hyderabad
93.
Kuree Kot
Badin
Hyderabad
94.
Kanjo
Kot
DipIo
Tbarparka
95.
Rahimki bazar
Diplo
Tharparka
96.
Naokot Mithi
Tharparka
97. Gharo Bhiro Mithi
Tharparka
98.
Haji Allahdino
Graves
Malir
Karachi
99.
Baluch s
tombs
Malir
Karachi
100.
Chaukhandi
tombs Malir
Karachi
101.
Allahdino Nel Bazar)
Malir
Karachi
102.
Goth Hasan Ali
Ma1ir
Karachi
103.
Amilano
Malir
Karachi
104.
Orangi
Karachi
Karachi
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
27/47
138 PAKISTAN ARCHAEOLOGY
area ---divorced from the cultural developments
o
the s
Moreover the most recent excavations in Iran at the sites loc
border namely Shahr-i-Sokhta in Dasht-i-Lut and at Bamp
focus
the region o Baluchistan in the context o certain q
inter-settlement and inter-regional contacts among the southw
communities during the prehistoric times. The available e
affirm that at lcast during the fourth and third millennia
B c
B
not only a vital link between the Indus valley and the regions o
west but
also
formed an intcgral part o a considerably lar
interaction.
Seen in the light o recent archaeological researches in
southern Afghanistan and eastern Iran the available evidence
very inadequate in answering many a question concerning cult
reconstructions. Therefore the Department o Archaeology
comprehensive programme o systematic explorations in Baluc
to
intensive excavations at the selected sites. A
Central rc
aluchistan
was
constituted under the leadership
o
the pre
responsibility
o
making a thorough research o all kinds o si
collect and record the basic data oli cach site and
to
make re
sites suitable
for
protection under the Antiquities Act
1968
o eight members surveyed the northern areas o Baluchis
o
1972
which
covered
three administrative districts: 2hob
Pishin. A part of upper Kalat in central Baluchistan
was
a
Khuzdar. In addition ethnological materials were
also
colle
will be made in the following pages
Our primary objective was
to survey
the maximum area
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
28/47
EXCAVATioNS
AND
EXPLORATIONS
thl'ough previous digging at that site. Similarly, the site of Peria
a number
of
exposed sections due to recent disturbance which ne
vation and trimming
of
sections for the retrieval of material e
straight trench from top to the virgin
soil was
not laid but our
work at Peliano Ghundai proved most rewarding. As a result, i
suggest a tentative chronological sequence, based on the study
o
to group the entire surface materials into a workable framework.
of these two sites, the evidence from the others comes from the s
large prehistoric sites, our technique of surface collections
traditional way
of
random and selective sampling. The samples
carefully demarcated areas which revealed interesting and
on the nature and location
of
various occupations at a particula
it was possible to determine that the Harappan remains at Peria
and Kaonri (Loralai) were concentrated at only one edge of th
was also possible to determine that the Harappan remains a
exist beyond 25 feet
from
top of
tlle
mound. At a particular lev
all over except on the eastern side. A re-examination
of
some
sites yielded new or additional evidence which
also
helped in
inaccuracies and even distortions in the published reports.
During the survey a total of 99 sites, including least
35
s
known
or reported before, were t froughly examined and a few o
visited. A full list of the sites along with their cultural assoc
end of this review pp.
147-49 .
A detailed report is being pre
sites represent more than one cultural assemblage. Our pre
the new evidence suggests that eleven sites were inhabited duri
fourth millennia B.C. The maximum increase in the numbe
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
29/47
140
PAKISTAN ARCHAEOLOGY
chronological framework. Already, the typologIcal similaritie
among the Medieval settlements of the Indus plain and Baluchis
in the historical period both the regions remained culturally rela
During the recent survey, at least 42 sites of the historical pe
In the following pages, the significant evidence
is
briefly revie
The
Zhob
district
The site of Periano Ghundai (No. I on map) near Fo
Zhob
valley now
lies exposed in several parts due
to
disturba
By limited trenching at few crrtical points, and
by
recovering
exposed sections and carefully demarcated areas of the site, it
w
a relative ceramic chronology
of
Periano Ghundai. The ear
occupation, called Periano A, seems to be characterised mostly
b
of handmade pottery, somewhat burnished inside and mostly
black externally. A
fine
bwshwork
is
reflected in the black
the inner side of bowls and other vessels PI. XXXII, 4-8 and 10)
same fabric have painted designs on both the sides near the ri
slipped on the exterior surface. Periano A pottery recalls t
the handmade pottery of
Anau
lA, and possibly of Kara T
Tehran ' In the same group of Periano A pottery, may be i
on red slip
PI.
XXXII, 8) and basket marked (XXXIV, 1 and 1
with those from Kile Gul Mohammed and Anjira
evidence, Periano A group may be placed between the middle
millennia B.C.
t
must, however, be pointed out that the dep
Periano Ghundai
below
the surrounding plain level is not yet
Of
the subsequent occupations at Periano Ghundai, a gr
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
30/47
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
31/47
PAKISTAN,
ARCHAEOLOGY
B.C. date. The laurel-shapped flint arrowheads are rare in
Indus valley. An arrowhead
from
Lahar strikingly resemble
Afghan-Iranian Sistan, particularly at Sohr-i Sokhtli,30 H
Mundigak II, 2 levels,32 Shah Tepe IlIA and Slisa I
located about four miles northeast ()f Murgha Kibzai, the site
has almpst flat surface which is littered with pottery and
a
v
and cores. Both the coarse and
fine
painted wares occur w
comparable with Rana Ghundai
III
and Kile Gul Mohamme
The other sites, examined in the Zob district were: Ha
Mehtarzai-I
II 33 32),
K a r e z ~
31),
Manzarai Tora 5
Moghul Ghundai
4)
and Rogha Kaudani
2).
The oralai istrict
Before reviewing the evidence from Loralai distIict, a ge
to be appropriate here. Although several pottery types cha
areas are present in the Zhob valley centerd around Periano Gh
black
on
red painted wares and their vessd forms are restricte
alone. In Loralai district,
some
mixture of the ceramic tradit
Q etta
valleys is
apparent. Loralai district itself has two
Loralai
valley
on north, and the ThaI plain on south. But the
sequence of the whole district is based on an unexcavated s
No.
16)
and on a small site
of
Sur Jangal
21).
Generally, the
wares
of
the Zhob valley and the associated pottery
of
Periano
into the Loralai valley with as much quantities
as
to consider th
blages as a part
of
the Loralai sequence,
i n l u ~ i v e of
the
Th,,1
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
32/47
EXCAVATIONS AND EXPLORATIONS
of RG I and III levels for ascertaining the nature of change in R
is not known adequately. The ceramics from RG I
are
conte
Gul Mohammed I and Periano
A.
From RG IIIa-b levels
was
fou
with elaborate geometric designs (Fig.
38,
No. 12 . A fragment
showed and animal design painted with black
on
red slip separate
gular design (Fig.
38,
No.
11 .
From the site of Kaonri 27 , located close to the village o
painted in Sur ]angal II-III and Rana Ghundai II-III style, inclu
PI. XXXVI,
18 , was
collected. On the eastern edge
of
the mour
appan occupation
was
attested by the presence
of
black on red
wares, terracotta cakes and bangles. Like Periano Ghundai, the
at Kanori,
too, do
not spread all over the site.
The great mound
of
Dabar Kot, towering more than one
the Thai phin, throws out a challange
to
the archaeologists.
which Dabar Kot
is
located, lies on the historic route connectin
with Kandahar and beyond. The surface
finds
from Dabar Ko
from at least the middle of fourth millennium B.c. to the Medieva
find
came from one of Stein s sections at the height of about ei
surrounding plain
level.
It
is
a cup
of
pale-buff ware with an
PI.
XXXVII
B,
3 and Fig.
38,
No.
13 .
This type
of
cup has
or reported from any where in Pakistan. However, similar cup
copper/bronze are reported from Shah Tepe, Hissar
IIIC
Dash
Dashli-1 in northern Afghanistan.
38
Typologically, this channel
Dabar Kot may belong to the middle of the second millennium
earlier. Elsewhere in western India, channel spouted cups with
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
33/47
144
PAKISTAN
ARCHAEOLOGY
Rajasthan and Deccan.
The other sites examined in Loralai district were: Bala
Shabozai
14),
Feroz Khan Ghundai
12),
Ghalawa Ghundai
Hadeera Ghundai
20),
Kandai 26), Kashkai-I, and 9
Moghul Qjla
13),
Mughal Kot
23),
Pathan Kot
18),
Sinjawi
Qjla 22), Tora Dabra 24), Wahar 11) and Watgam 7).
he
u e t t a ~ i s h i n
istrict
The joint name o Q retta-Pishin is derived
from
two
Q retta, located almost in the middle o Baluchistan, and o P
extending
to
the border
o
Afghahistan. From Pishin, the K
proached through the Khojak pass across the Khawja Amran
to the Khojak pass, it
was
noted that the number o early hi
sites
was
greater than those o the prehistoric period. Wheth
Pass
was
used during the prehistoric times
as
frequently
as
in
remains
to
be established.
Near Pishin, two new sites, Haji Q tim Khan
No.
42)
discovered. The site o Haji Q tim Khan yielded numerous c
pers along with copper bits from its
lower
levels
now
exposed
bance.
The other but low mound o Jagjai, yielded short-neck
marked, Faiz Mohammad , Q retta wet and Q retta Pain
surface. Chert blades, scrapers, terracotta bangles and beads
A re-examination o Spina Ghundai 35) near the modern vi
revealed ceramics which were almost identical to those from
Kot Dijian pottery with short rim. The Harappan type o p
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
34/47
EXCAVATiONS
AND
EXPLoRATiONS
the exposed section. The site
of
Sra Kala
41 ,
located about
f
northwest of Pishin, was reported by Stein briefly:' Further examin
revealed prehistoric pottery which consisted
of
the Qetta
Mohammad, basket marked and Reserve Slip wares in addition
torical pottery with stamped designs and corrugated profile. Th
included short-necked Kot Dijian wares with grooved external sur
those
of
Sarai KhoIa pottery type
V of
Period II, ]aIiIpur II, G
other early third millennium B.C. sites in the Greater Indus Valley
The Quetta valley proper was previously surveyed by W.A. F
and a number
of
sites were mapped.
44
During our survey, not
sites were re-examined but also some new sites were added to the list
Chiltan range and close
to
the Sariab Lora, a pebble covered mound
the modern settlement
of
Rizvi Karuna
55 .
The presence
of
coar
wares, basket marked, Q letta wet and those painted with crossed t
in black would suggest a time-range of at least fourth to thild m
comparable with KiIe GuI Mohammed V levels. Limited d
n
the upper levels
of
Damb Sadaat along side the excavated trenc
evidence
of
Damb Sadaat
levels which apparently have revealed
ceramics from the Qetta Painted to the Sadaat wareS. A
shall
be
presented in the final report.
The other sites examined in the Quetta-Pishin district were:
North and South
54
and 56 , Babari Ghundai
44 ,
Karaz site (58),
49 , Kechi Beg 60 , KiIe Gul Mohammed 52 , Kirani 53 , Kuchla
Glmndai
37 ,
Kuzbagh
57 ,
PopuIzai
47 ,
Raisa Ghundai I
39
cairn
62 ,
Salezai
45 ,
Sheikh Farid Baba 43 , Sheikh Manda
51 ,
Habibzai 46 and Tor Ghundai, BaleIi 50 .
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
35/47
146
PAKISTAN AROlAEOLOGY
re-examine those sites which were reported by Stein and B
and collect fresh evidence from each site, and also to travers
not been reached before. Thirty-eight sites were examined f
Test trenching could not be carried out any where due to t
necessary staff.
The evidence from Mobi Damb
63)
and from the n
Damb\,hirinab 65) and Bhut Shamsi 64) near Mastung
d
for thirty miles south of u e t t a t h ~ a r e a falls within an effectiv
Q1 etta valley sequence as represented by Damb Sadaat
I III
lages. Some mixture of the Nal wares is evident at Bhut Sh
but the Anjira or other painted wares of the Surab sequ
Beads of carnelian, lapis lazuli and an alabaster bowl XXX
numerous finds collcted from Bhut Shamsi through the co
lord, Malik Mohammad Saeed Baloch.
A conspicuous change in ceramics is apparent further s
to Kalat. The settlements in that area
of
southern Sarawa
materials related mostly,
if
not all, with Anjira I
to
III
an
The Anjira III IV cultural horizon is represented on many s
p. 147). Incidentally, in the same area, the settlements of Lo
Three settlements of large size were discovered in t
five miles east
of
Kalat which are Damb Channarozai
84),
D
and Damb Wali Mohammad
83).
The surface materials
mostly to Anjira IIIA-IIIB period in addition to the eviden
The largest collection of pottery
was
made from Togau
69)
w
the entire known sequence of Anjira I to
III
including the
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
36/47
EXCAVATIONS AND EXPLORATIONS
Neghar Damb 90 , Rais Khair also Sher) Mohammad (93), Rod
and 87 , Safaid Bulandi 66 , Saiyid Matlrez 68 , Sampur Damb
Surkh Damb 91 , and Tegak II 94 .
Alphabetical list
of
sites surveyed
in
;northern Baluchist
Abbreviations and explanations
DS
KGM
RG
SJ
Medieval
Islamic
Early Historical
Buddhist and
Sassanian
Blades
Londo
New site, not reported before
Damb Sadaat
Kile Gul Mohammed
Rana Ghundai
Sur Jangal
8th to 18th century A.D.
Glazed wares,
otherwise
of
Medieval period.
1st to 7th century A.D., covering
also
the Sassania
periods.
With positive or suspected evidence, otherwise of
period.
Chert blades of prehistoric occupation, cultural associa
Pottery group
of
the first millennium B.C.
it No
SUes on
map
District
ultural associat
._
_
..
_ _ ~ _
Ahmad Khanzai (N) 54
Q.uetta.:.Pishin DS I-III, KGM IV
Ahmad Khanzai
S
56
Quetta-Pishin DS
II III
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
37/47
148 PAKISTAN ARCHAEOLOGY
te o
ites
on m a p ~ :
istrict
ultur
Damb
Zargaran
73
Kala
Aniira
III
*Dirgai Shobozai
14 Loralai Medieval
Feroz Khan
Ghundai
12
Loralai
Medieval
Ghalawa Ghundai
28
Loralai Sassanian,
B u d
ol 'Ghar
76
Kalat
Londo?-
Habib
Kili
25 Loralai Early
Histori
Handeera Ghundai
20 Loralai
Medieval
Hadi
IsIam-A
96 Kalat
Togau, Londo
Hadi
s l a m ~
97
Kala
Londo
*Haji
~
Khan
42
Qy.etta-Pishni
Early liistori
*Hamai Karez
34 Zhob
Early Histori
*Jagjai
40
Qy.etta-Pishin
DS I I ~ I I I
K
Jori
Damb-I
71)
Kala Londo
*Jori Damb-ll
70
Kala
Londo?
Kandai 26 Loralai
DS II IU
Kan
Mehtarzai-I
33
Zhob
Chert
blades,
Kan
Mehtarzai-II
32
Zhob
Early
Historic
*Kaonri
27
Loralai
RG
II III
Karezagi 31 Zhob
KGM
III
II Ill
Karcz
Site
59 Q9.etta-l>ishin
DS
II Ill
oIKashkai
9
Loralai DS II Ill S
*Kashkai-II
10
Loralai
Early
Histori
~ K a s h k a i I I I
8 Loralai
Early Histori
Kasiano
Dozakh
49
Qyetta-Pishin
DS II Ill B
Kechi
Beg
66
Qgetta-Pishin
DS I KGM
Kbad-i-Kohing
81
Kalat
Londo
Khad-i-Tegak 95
Kala
Londo?
*Khoedada
6)
Zhob KGM
Ill
R
Khwaja
Zubair
77)
Kala
KGM II III
Kile Gul Mohammed
52
Q tetta-Pishin
DS
I, Perian
*K.irani
53
Qgetta-Pishin
Early Histori
*Kohing-II
80
Kalat
Londo, Budd
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
38/47
EXCAVATIONS AND EXPLORATIONS
b
Site JP
Sites
on p
istllict C t tural
ass
MoghaI Ghundai
4)
Zhob
Periano
C
Moghal Q la
13)
Loralai
Early
Historical
MughalKol
23)
Loralai Medieval
Neghar
Damb
90)
Kalat
Londo?
Pathan
Kot
18
Loralai Chert blades, Early
Pcriano Ghundai
I
Zhob
5J I III KGM II
Medival
Populazi
47)
Q Ietta-Pishin
DS
1-111
Qy.etta Miri
58) Quctta-Pishin
DS II III Kat Diji
Rals Khair Mohammad
93)
Kalat
Aujira I1I-IV
Rana Ghunda
16)
Loralai
Periano A-B, 8J I I
Riasa Ghundai
39)
Quetta-Pishin
Sassanian,
Early
His
:iRiasa Ghundai-II
38) Q letta-Pishin
Sassanian, Early
His
*Rizvi
Karuoa 55)
Q Ietta-Pishin
KGM II-I1I, DS I
Rock Crain 62)
Qyetta-Pishin
Iron
Age?
*Rodinjo-I
76)
Kalat
Anjira III?
Radinjo-II
87)
Kalat
Londo
Rogha
Kaudani
2) Zhob
Early Historical
Safaid
Bulandi
66)
KaJat
Early
Historical
Saiyid
Maurez
68)
Kalat
Anjira I I I ~ I V
Salezai
45)
Q y . e t t a ~ P i s h i n
Early
Historical
SampurDamb 67) Kalat
Early
Historical
Sheikh
Farid
Baba 43
Q y . e t t a ~ P i s h i n
20th century
tomb
Sheikh Manda 51)
Q y . e t t a ~ P i s h i n
Chert blades, Islam
Siah Jatti Damh
92)
Kalat Anjira
III IV
Si zai
74) Kalal
Anjira IV,
Islamic
Sinjawi Ghundai
19) Loralai
RG III
Harappan,
Spina Ghundai
Habibzai)
45)
Q y . e t t a ~ P i s h a n
Early Historical,
Isl
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
39/47
150
PAKISTAN ARCHAEOLOGY
Ethnological
ollections
As already mentioned above, Mr. S.M. Ashfaque was ass
team
for
the study of tribal art and culture and
for
collecting
garments and other articles of daily use pertaining to various
t he m Baluchistan. Those items which could not be purch
photographed
PI.
XXXVIII
A .
h
scenes
of
daily life i
Baluchistan were also photographed
for
study, reference and
During the second stagc
of
our explorations in Kalat,bot
as ethnological collections
were
made by the author. Beau
jewellery and traditional female and male clothes were purch
for
display in the National Museum and
for
the regional
PI. XXXIX A and B . A very large collection of old but loc
and swords was presented to the entral
rchaeological
Mission
of
Kalat
PI.
XXXVIII B and C . The entire collection
of
three hundred pieces,
was
brought
to
the newly established
Quetta where they are
now plac
d on exhibition
for
the publ
The Department of Archaeology plans to continue expl
Province systematically
in
order
to
record and map
all
standin
settlement sites and other surviving relics of different
ages.
most
of
the province of Baluchistan
is
surveyed and the sites ar
it would be possible to formulate a programme of intensive fie
proper excavations at important sites.
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
40/47
C
A
O
O
I
L
U
D
P
O
A
N
D
A
Q
T
E
P
O
T
T
E
R
Y
N
:
1
A
p
e
y
s
w
m
u
e
m
o
h
w
s
2
P
e
y
w
h
o
m
o
m
t
h
u
a
3
T
b
b
o
a
c
e
e
e
o
h
e
m
o
n
t
h
e
m
k
u
m
e
o
o
w
s
A
=
C
F
e
d
A
m
1
A
n
a
=
D
e
C
d
n
P
s
a
A
o
N
o
2
1
p
8
1
u
m
l
a
H
h
a
=
D
n
A
e
P
s
a
N
o
5
1
7
J
p
=
M
u
n
P
s
a
A
o
N
o
8
h
s
v
u
m
a
K
e
G
u
M
m
v
s
E
o
n
t
h
Q
a
V
e
1
M
o
o
a
t
h
I
n
C
H
a
o
1
M
o
o
=
M
F
h
E
a
M
m
o
o
1
N
H
g
e
n
M
m
A
S
n
a
N
3
1
S
a
K
a
=
M
u
n
E
o
S
a
K
a
P
I
P
s
a
A
o
N
o
8
h
s
v
u
m
S
S
a
=
n
E
a
d
W
e
1
V
o
1
1
2
S
n
M
u
m
n
M
m
A
1
S
o
I
n
a
N
4
1
S
k
a
=
P
J
o
h
n
n
h
O
e
a
n
u
e
B
o
1
V
o
X
X
I
1
2
a
W
a
s
a
e
n
n
M
m
A
S
n
a
N
3
1
P
a
e
N
S
e
F
c
o
S
a
t
r
m
D
a
o
X
X
V
I
A
,
1
j
a
p
a
2
L
g
e
s
p
B
a
e
2
j
a
p
a
5
R
h
m
L
g
b
o
w
w
h
A
q
e
y
s
m
3
j
a
p
a
6
P
e
C
e
m
s
p
B
o
w
a
c
a
e
4
J
p
a
2
L
g
e
L
g
e
p
R
a
5
J
p
a
1
L
g
e
P
e
e
p
R
a
6
J
p
a
2
L
g
e
b
a
e
C
e
m
s
p
B
o
w
a
7
j
a
p
a
2
P
e
e
L
g
b
o
w
p
B
a
k
e
o
w
8
j
a
p
a
2
L
g
e
L
g
b
o
w
p
B
a
k
e
9
j
a
p
a
6
R
B
p
h
d
D
k
b
o
w
a
e
1
j
a
p
a
1
D
k
e
o
e
i
n
e
n
y
B
p
B
a
I
j
a
p
a
R
B
p
B
a
1
j
a
p
a
2
R
L
g
b
o
w
p
B
a
1
J
p
a
2
L
g
e
C
e
m
s
p
D
k
b
o
w
c
a
e
1
J
p
D
k
e
o
e
C
e
m
a
e
p
B
a
X
X
V
I
B
J
J
p
a
1
R
p
B
a
2
j
a
p
a
1
R
R
p
B
a
R
m
c
A
F
g
4
N
5
E
e
m
y
a
e
n
P
o
I
a
j
a
p
c
S
m
i
K
a
P
X
3
X
A
9
a
G
m
a
I
P
8
1
c
S
a
K
a
P
X
B
5 F
a
c
S
a
K
a
I
F
g
1
1
G
m
a
m
F
g
1
9
P
8
a
H
h
a
P
6
S
s
o
g
3
N
o
7
M
[
J
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
41/47
P
a
e
S
e
u
F
c
c
o
S
a
t
r
m
e
n
e
a
o
R
m
h
e
N
.
_
-
-
-
_
.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.
X
3
J
p
a
3
P
e
r
d
R
d
s
p
W
h
e
B
a
k
G
d
w
S
K
a
I
F
g
1
1
a
G
m
l
a
I
I
F
g
1
5
5
5
F
g
2
2
2
4
J
p
R
B
g
r
d
s
p
B
a
a
a
N
o
3
5
J
p
a
2
P
n
s
h
r
d
L
g
b
w
s
p
W
h
e
b
a
k
6
J
p
P
e
r
d
L
g
b
w
p
W
h
e
b
a
k
7
J
p
a
3
L
g
r
d
L
g
b
v
s
p
W
h
e
a
k
8
J
p
a
2
R
S
p
d
r
a
R
d
a
b
a
k
S
n
k
d
K
D
a
w
e
c
S
K
a
I
F
g
1
2
a
G
m
l
a
F
g
1
4
5
a
F
g
2
1
1
9
J
p
a
2
L
g
r
d
B
p
B
w
1
J
p
a
I
G
L
g
g
p
B
a
k
c
H
h
a
p
6
2
a
S
J
W
r
s
a
X
v
8
X
1
1
I
J
p
R
L
g
r
d
w
h
W
e
a
k
h
w
;
1
J
p
P
e
r
d
B
w
W
h
e
d
k
b
w
X
1
J
p
a
1
D
r
d
B
w
s
h
w
h
B
a
k
2
J
p
a
R
L
g
r
d
p
B
a
k
c
F
g
3
N
o
Z
3
J
p
a
3
P
e
r
d
D
r
d
s
p
B
a
k
c
F
g
3
5
4
J
p
a
1
R
R
d
p
B
a
k
c
N
H
P
X
5
a
5
J
p
a
2
P
e
r
d
L
g
b
w
s
p
B
a
6
J
p
L
g
r
d
D
r
d
s
p
B
a
k
S
a
s
o
F
g
3
N
o
8
c
t
=
0
T
h
s
J
n
X
S
1
a
P
W
a
S
n
X
4
7
J
p
a
3
L
g
r
d
L
g
b
w
p
B
a
k
8
J
p
a
2
P
e
r
d
L
g
b
w
p
B
a
9
J
a
2
P
n
s
h
r
d
L
g
b
w
s
p
m
a
1
J
p
R
S
m
h
d
m
a
I
J
p
a
2
R
L
g
b
w
p
B
a
k
X
B
1
Z
K
m
a
G
2
G
N
s
p
o
w
h
P
a
n
s
u
a
2
Z
K
m
a
G
6
R
R
d
s
p
b
n
s
h
d
P
a
n
u
a
3
Z
K
u
G
2
P
e
r
d
h
m
u
M
u
w
h
P
a
n
u
a
f
r
d
4
Z
K
u
G
2
P
e
r
d
h
m
M
u
w
h
P
a
n
s
u
a
5
Z
K
o
G
2
G
N
s
p
o
w
h
P
a
n
u
a
6
Z
K
u
G
5
P
e
r
d
L
g
b
w
s
p
P
a
n
u
a
7
Z
K
u
G
2
P
e
r
d
g
c
h
m
L
g
r
d
n
s
h
d
P
a
n
u
a
8
Z
K
u
G
2
P
e
u
r
d
N
s
p
w
h
P
a
n
u
a
X
X
X
,
1
K
L
g
r
d
T
o
b
p
B
a
K
D
a
f
a
d
v
c
S
K
a
t
y
V
a
J
p
P
X
B
1
>
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
42/47
a
e
N
o
e
o
F
c
c
o
S
a
t
r
m
e
n
e
a
o
R
m
a
k
u
X
2
P
n
N
h
L
g
r
d
T
o
d
k
s
p
K
D
a
s
h
n
k
d
w
c
S
K
a
ty
I
X
a
L
g
r
d
]
a
p
P
X
B
8
3
P
n
N
h
R
d
s
p
G
d
w
c
S
K
a
t
y
a
]
a
p
I
P
e
r
d
C
m
s
p
P
X
3
4
P
n
N
h
B
a
k
F
a
d
v
5
]
h
L
g
r
d
e
m
d
h
L
g
r
d
w
h
S
r
w
m
k
n
d
S
p
e
t
y
V
m
F
g
1
3
4
6
]
h
G
s
h
b
w
B
w
s
p
T
o
b
a
k
p
n
F
a
d
v
7
]
h
R
C
m
s
p
B
a
k
F
a
d
v
8
]
h
P
e
r
d
R
B
l
a
F
a
d
v
9
]
h
T
m
d
a
g
s
h
C
R
d
s
h
w
h
P
y
S
K
a
t
y
H
m
1
]
h
P
e
r
d
T
o
f
r
d
s
p
B
a
k
G
d
w
t
I
]
h
R
R
d
s
p
B
a
k
G
d
w
1
]
h
R
S
m
h
d
B
a
c
S
K
a
ty
I
X
1
]
h
L
g
r
d
R
d
s
p
B
a
k
n
1
]
h
P
e
r
d
R
d
S
p
B
a
k
l
n
D
s
h
o
f
a
e
n
s
a
c
S
K
a
u
y
X
V
F
g
1
1
]
h
R
B
g
r
d
s
p
B
l
a
A
s
a
N
1
> ?
1
]
h
P
a
r
d
u
r
d
M
u
w
h
K
d
l
d
c
S
K
a
L
g
r
d
w
h
B
a
k
ln
t
y
X
I
t
1
]
h
R
S
e
m
o
f
a
O
e
n
s
a
1
]
h
P
e
r
d
R
d
s
p
B
a
k
1
]
h
P
e
r
d
R
d
s
p
B
a
k
c
S
K
a
t
y
X
a
G
m
l
a
F
g
1
2
3
0
2
]
h
D
k
N
w
o
r
d
L
g
b
w
B
w
b
a
k
Z
2
]
h
R
B
p
B
a
c
S
K
a
su
t
y
I
X
2
]
h
R
D
p
r
d
s
p
B
a
k
2
]
h
G
e
R
s
p
P
o
e
d
w
2
]
h
R
D
p
r
d
B
a
k
F
N
2
2
3
r
e
o
t
h
a
o
a
q
e
X
I
G
B
r
P
e
r
d
E
d
S
e
m
o
f
a
O
e
n
s
a
2
G
B
r
P
a
r
d
P
e
r
d
w
h
3
G
B
r
L
g
r
d
R
d
s
p
B
a
k
4
G
B
r
R
R
d
s
p
B
l
a
-
P
o
b
w
w
i
h
s
r
n
m
k
G
B
r
D
r
d
C
m
s
p
R
d
a
b
a
k
o
k
e
e
n
y
5
e
M
o
n
o
P
L
t
y
F
a
M
o
n
o
G
B
u
P
e
r
d
R
d
s
p
i
n
e
n
y
P
L
V
2
6
P
e
b
w
o
d
s
h
c
m
s
p
o
d
V
?
l
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
43/47
P
a
e
S
e
a
L
c
c
o
S
a
t
r
m
e
a
o
R
m
-
_
_
X
7
G
a
B
o
P
e
e
C
e
m
s
p
8
G
o
B
o
L
g
e
C
e
m
s
p
S
n
o
r
o
m
k
e
e
n
y
m
s
l
n
i
n
d
9
G
o
B
o
L
g
e
E
o
F
c
m
y
a
o
a
e
w
h
h
L
e
H
a
e
y
1
G
o
B
o
R
R
p
S
O
e
n
a
I
G
a
B
o
P
e
e
m
e
R
p
W
n
m
h
o
c
R
v
S
p
w
a
e
M
t
h
p
e
o
o
P
L
X
4
a
s
o
S
k
a
n
K
c
F
g
8
N
6
7
1
a
1
1
G
o
B
o
P
e
e
D
e
p
B
a
1
G
a
B
o
P
e
e
D
e
p
B
a
1
G
o
B
o
D
k
e
D
e
p
B
a
I
S
G
o
B
o
B
o
w
c
E
o
I
n
s
c
c
e
a
m
1
G
a
B
o
L
g
e
B
p
S
m
c
1
G
a
B
u
o
L
g
e
C
e
m
s
p
B
a
;
1
G
a
B
o
L
g
:
e
D
e
B
a
1
G
o
B
o
R
g
e
e
D
e
B
a
~
2
G
o
B
o
L
g
e
S
m
h
2
G
a
B
o
P
e
e
C
e
m
s
p
Z
2
G
o
B
o
L
g
e
p
I
n
s
n
:
2
G
o
B
o
R
C
e
m
s
p
I
n
s
n
2
G
o
B
o
P
e
e
w
h
I
n
s
n
2
G
o
B
o
R
C
e
m
s
p
P
o
a
e
2
t
o
G
o
B
o
L
g
e
P
o
a
e
N
2
a
2
a
e
b
0
p
e
0
F
N
2
3
s
a
o
a
q
e
C
X
1
P
a
C
L
g
e
L
g
b
o
w
p
B
a
2
P
a
B
C
D
k
e
R
g
b
o
w
B
a
3
P
a
C
P
e
e
B
p
B
a
4
P
a
A
H
m
e
a
t
e
m
e
B
o
w
p
h
d
B
a
5
P
a
A
H
m
e
a
t
e
m
e
B
o
w
s
p
i
n
d
a
B
a
6
P
a
A
b
a
a
e
n
y
H
m
e
a
t
e
m
e
L
g
b
o
w
s
p
o
B
a
h
d
I
u
a
o
s
h
w
i
n
s
d
b
h
d
o
y
7
P
a
A
H
m
e
a
t
e
m
e
L
g
b
o
w
p
n
d
B
a
a
a
a
s
d
8
P
a
A
R
h
m
t
e
m
e
L
g
b
o
w
o
b
h
B
a
s
d
9
P
a
B
C
G
e
B
a
c
S
S
a
F
g
2
a
D
a
K
o
W
a
s
a
1
P
a
A
L
g
b
o
w
p
n
d
P
X
V
D
1
R
h
m
t
e
m
e
B
a
P
a
B
C
a
a
a
s
d
R
L
g
e
p
W
h
e
a
1
P
a
R
B
g
e
W
h
e
a
t
1
l
~ 0
Z
Z
1
1 0
0
Z
-
1
-
8/9/2019 Pakistan Archaeology (Excavation 1971-72) by RAFIQ MUGHA
44/47
P
a
e
S
e
a
L
c
c
o
S
a
t
r
m
e
e
a
o
X
1
P
a
B
C
R
C
e
m
a
e
p
R
c
1
P
a
B
C
L
g
e
B
g
e
R
a
I
S
P
a
B
C
L
g
e
R
R
a
1
P
a
C
P
e
e
T
n
c
o
g
e
B
a
s
p
X
I
P
a
B
C
L
g
e
R
s
p
b
h
d
B
a
2
P
a
B
C
D
e
D
k
e
p
B
a
3
P
a
B
C
P
e
e
R
p
B
a
4
P
a
B
C
P
e
e
R
p
B
a
5
P
a
E
C
L
g
e
D
e
p
B
a
6
P
a
B
C
L
g
e
D
e
p
B
a
7
P
a
B
C
L
g
e
p
e
p
B
a
8
P
B
C
L
g
e
R
e
d
s
p
B
a
F
a
9
P
C
P
e
e
R
e
p
B
a
1
P
a
B
C
R
R
p
B
a
I
P
a
B
C
L
g
e
R
p
B
a
1
P
a
C
L
g
e
D
r
e
p
B
a
1
,
P
a
B
C
P
e
e
D
e
p
B
a
1
P
a
B
C
P
e
e
D
e
p
B
a
I
S
P
a
C
L
g
e
D
e
p
B
a
1
P
a
B
R
D
e
p
B
a
X
V
I
P
a
A
B
H
m
p
n
s
h
e
a
C
e
m
s
p
B
k
m
k
c
A
r
a
(
F
g
8
2
2
a
t
e
m
e
K
e
G
M
m
I
(
F
g
5
2
P
a
B
L
g
e
D
e
p
3
a
n
n
o
c
G
o
w
e
o
S
a
t
n
K
a
I
J
p
I
I
a
G
m
a
3
P
B
C
D
e
C
e
m
s
p
R
a
n
a
u
a
w
w
e
y
e